Home Circle Research Articles

"Семью рабочего - в клуб": организация свободного времени семейных рабочих в контексте советской досуговой политики 1920-х - первой половины 1930-х гг

The family policy of the Bolsheviks finds itself in the focus of attention of researchers studying the project of creating a “new” Soviet man, the sphere of private life, gender relations and other subjects of the history of early Soviet society. The purpose of the article is to analyze the cultural and educational and propaganda mass work on the organization of leisure of family workers in the 1920s - the first half of the 1930s. The source basis of the research was made up of published and archival materials, which show the main directions of this work, problems, and achievements. To solve the tasks stated in the study, an appeal was made to a wide range of concrete historical methods. Among them historical-comparative, historical-typological, synchronistic, historical periodization and problem-chronological methods were involved. The provisions and methods of historical anthropology and cross-cultural studies were actively used in the study. The use of the methodology of the new social history made it possible to conduct a multifaceted analysis of the phenomenon of leisure (its connection with everyday life, leisure practices, gender and age characteristics, etc.), to explore leisure as a social institution and related power relations in the context of everyday practices of various historical actors. As a result, the authors concluded that the nature and content of leisure practices of family workers were determined by the prevailing “semi-open” family structure. The release of family leisure outside the home circle contributed to its politicization, the establishment of control over the private lives of people by the authorities. The range of leisure forms for family workers, as well as their popularity, directly depended on the enthusiasm and professionalism of the organizers, as well as the financial capabilities of the trade unions, which guaranteed the availability of props, furniture, inventory and suitable premises. The situation was complicated by the lack of a consistent and comprehensive family policy, which has not yet received a clear and uncontested direction. Family workers were offered a certain strategy aimed at spending their free time more intelligently and culturally, but it was difficult to implement in conditions of preserving financial and personnel problems, as well as the strength of traditional attitudes and values.

Tempering Grief through the Victorian Home’s Furniture and Objects

This essay describes the emergence of spiritual comfort in the home by exploring how Victorian spiritualists formed an intimate and meaningful connection to the home’s furniture and contents. Through their contentious beliefs and practices, believers of spiritualism transformed their living rooms into fantasy realms where the souls of their deceased loved ones continued to dwell. Through otherworldly interactions, the bereaved found solace in the place they experienced grief most acutely: the home. As a part of the discussion, I undertake an analysis of Morrel Theobald’s book, Spirit Workers in the Home Circle (1887). In addition, I consider how Theobald used his manuscript to present scientific proof of the supernaturalist occurrences in his home, and a public platform to authenticate spiritualism as a truthclaim. His primary motive in Spirit Workers was for spiritualism to be accepted as a reasonable way of life for the greater good of all individuals. I describe how Theobald jeopardised his reputation as a rational, reputable human being to promote his spiritualist agenda and how his phantasmagoric interiors played a role in proving spiritualism to be a legitimate and beneficial way of life.

Strengths of family carers: Looking after a terminally ill adult under 65 years of age

Introduction: To learn of a terminal illness is devastating at any age. How much more so when it occurs in early or mid-adulthood, when people are busy with family and career goals. Those facing death when under 65 years of age are a group whose voice is virtually invisible in the palliative caregiving literature. Yet one in every five people die in New Zealand before 65 years of age. For Māori, almost half will die under the age of 65.Methods: Eight bereaved family carers were interviewed with particular focus on the strengths that underpinned and sustained them through the spouse’s illness and death. The research utilised a social construction methodology and thematic analysis of the narratives was undertaken to identify the key themes.Findings: Following analysis, themes emerged relating to the Medical Circle of Care, the Home Circle of Care, Saying Goodbye, and Picking Up the Threads. Further analysis revealed the strengths of love, hope, family, teamwork and resilience in coping with these experiences.Conclusion: Three key findings for palliative care teams emerge from the research. These are to prioritise support for family carers, to enable access to Social Work, and the provision of targeted support for bereaved family carers.

Polygamous Family Life and Geographic Isolation: The Poetry of Esther Ann Birch Bennion

Polygamous Family Life and Geographic Isolation: The Poetry of Esther Ann Birch Bennion

Cеминариум имени Н. П. Кондакова – европейский крымоведческий центр (20-е годы XX столетия)

An art historian and an expert in architectural objects restoration N. P. Kondakov emigrated to Czechoslovakia where a circle of emigrant historians shaped around him. This scholarly society developing from the Byzantologist N. P. Kondakov’s home circle in Prague was titled in Byzantine way, Seminarium Kondakovianum. After his death in February 1925, this small-in-number academic community with support from the Czechoslovak government developed into a foreign school of Byzantologists and Russian historians. Thus, there appeared a Russian institution with international statute in Prague. The study of intertwined western and eastern influences in Russian history became a typical motif of Russian scholarly thought in emigration. In this connection, the Crimea became an interesting object for the researches and historical generalizations by the Seminaium members. The paper introduces into the scholarship the materials from the archive of the Seminarium Kondakovianum (Kondakov Institute) now residing in the Archives of the Czech Academy of Sciences. The analysis attracts the documents from N. P. Kondakov’s personal collection at the Literary Archives of Written National Monuments of the Slavonic Library in Prague. There are interesting unpublished manuscripts by the Seminarium members discovered by the author. There were three circles of Crimean researchers determined at the Seminarium’s works: historians living in Prague who studied the mediaeval history of the Crimea and the history of research (N. M. Beliaev, G. V. Vernadsky, A. P. Kalitinskii, D. А. Rasovskii, N. P. Toll’); a group of historians from the USSR attracted by G. V. Vernadsky to send their papers for discussion (D. V. Ainalov, S. А. Zhebelev, N. V. Izmailova, A. I. Markevich, and others); Russian emigrant historians living in other countries (M. I. Rostovtsev, alter on G. V. Vernadsky). G. V. Vernadsky was the chief organizer and the academic curator of the Seminarium. G. V. Vernadsky’s skillful practice on attraction to the Seminarium of leading Soviet experts in the Crimean studies allowed the annual to publish their works thus enlarging the sphere of the historians’ scholarly communications. The contacts (correspondence) with the Taurida Society for History, Archaeology, and Ethnography (Simferopol) and the State Museum of Chersonese (Sevastopol) were established. Hysteria made by the Soviet secret service and Communist party leaders around the “case of S. A. Zhebelev,” directly connected with the cooperation of Soviet and emigrant historians, resulted in the cease of the said contacts and book exchange. In 1931, the Seminarium was reshaped into N. P. Kondakov Institute with the change of the participants and the disappearance of the Crimea aspect from the agenda for sessions.

The First British Edition of Nathaniel Hawthorne's “Feathertop” inHome Circle(1852)

AbstractThis article is an introduction to the publication of the first British edition of Nathaniel Hawthorne's “Feathertop” in Home Circle in 1852. Hawthorne scholars have previously been unaware of the appearance of “Feathertop” in this magazine. However, a commentary on the appearance of Hawthorne's work in this little-known periodical reveals, even though no correspondence survives, Hawthorne's hitherto-unknown connections to the world of nineteenth-century British popular fiction.

«Ветер-дым-огонь и жареная глинка»: дочь статского советника на стройках социализма и в домашнем кругу

«Ветер-дым-огонь и жареная глинка»: дочь статского советника на стройках социализма и в домашнем кругу

Spouse caregivers and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia

Background: Only a few studies have specifically considered the role of caregiver characteristics in the presence of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). The aim of this study was to determine whether there were differences in the presence of individual BPSD between community-dwelling dementia care recipients with spouse caregivers and those with non-spouse caregivers.Methods: Care recipients (n = 109) and their primary caregivers were recruited from memory clinic outpatients at the public psychiatric hospital in Sapporo City, Japan. Data were collected by questionnaire. Relationship with the care recipient was categorized as either ‘spouse’ or ‘non-spouse.’ The frequency of BPSD occurrence observed by the caregiver was assessed using the Troublesome Behavior Scale (TBS). Logistic regression analyses were performed to examine whether there were differences with regard to each of the 14 TBS items between spouse and non-spouse caregivers.Results: The number of spouse caregivers was 47 (43.1%). TBS items presented by >50% care recipients were ‘repetition and/or clinging’ and ‘ill-natured denial and/or distortion.’ After adjustment for the characteristics of caregivers and care recipients, non-spouse caregivers were found to be significantly associated with the presence of ‘hiding and/or losing things,’ ‘rummaging,’ ‘crying and/or screaming,’ and ‘interfering with a happy home circle,’ compared with spouse caregivers.Conclusions: Our results suggest that non-spouse caregivers need more support with regard to certain symptoms of individual BPSD compared with spouse caregivers. Identifying caregiver characteristics that are independently associated with each individual BPSD may help customize interventions for caregivers with specific characteristics.

大正・昭和前期の家事科教科書における「食卓での家族団らん」

大正・昭和前期の家事科教科書における「食卓での家族団らん」

明治期婦人雑誌, 総合雑誌における「食卓での家族団らん」

明治期婦人雑誌, 総合雑誌における「食卓での家族団らん」

Relationship between Mother's Concern for Diet Life and Satisfaction with Her Own Life

In order to investigate the relationship between a mother's concern for dietary lifeand her satisfaction with her own life and her family, questionaire studies were performedfor mothers of junior high school students in Japan and Korea. The statistical analyseswere performed by using SPSS. In the view of the children, significant (p<0.01) differences were observed among both countries; Japanese mothers thought their childrento be another personality, and expected their children to be good companions, criticsand the persons to heal their mind. These results suggested the exchange of the role ofthe mother and child and the lack of the role of the husband in Japan. In addition, Japanese mothers had less self-confidence as mothers than Korean mothers. The percentageof Japanese mothers thought to be respected by their children was half of that of Korean mothers. Both in Japan and Korea, mothers who had interest in arranging the dishesand a concern for dietary life recognized their position in the home, and enjoyed goodcommunications with their children. The good relationship among family members increasedthe satisfaction of the mother's own life. It was suggested that to cultivate amutual understanding between mother and child through the home circle at mealtimewas very important not only for the child but for the mother herself. Meal time wasshown to be the best chance to cultivate mutual understandings in daily life.

Letters to the Home Circle: The North Carolina Service of Pvt. Henry A. Clapp, Company F, Forty-Fourth Massachusetts Volunteer Militia, 1862-1863.

Letters to the Home Circle: The North Carolina Service of Pvt. Henry A. Clapp, Company F, Forty-Fourth Massachusetts Volunteer Militia, 1862-1863.

O PREPARO PARA O AUTOCUIDADO DO CLIENTE DIABÉTICO E FAMILIA

Partial report, quanti-qualitative of action-research developed in the ward test/ambulatory of a University Hospital, extensive to home; integrating students, teachers and nursing team. to establish standards to integrate hospital/community, seeking the man in the home circle, oppose the recovery/rehabilitation and the integration to work/society, considering the problems in the home/work and put into practice the proposition of the SUDS with extension to the hospital/community actions. Home visits raising the home conditions, family and/or community, consolidating their participation in the process. During the hospital stay nursing care was oriented to conduct the participation and realization of the care by the client and relatives happening the same in the ambulatory probation.

O preparo para o autocuidado do cliente diabético e família

Relato parcial, quanti-qualitativo, de de pesquisa-ação realizada emunidade de internação piloto/ambulatório do Hospital de Ensino, extensivo a moradia. Objetivo: estabelecer modelos de integração hospital/comunidade, visando o indivíduo na unidade familiar, face à recuperação/reabilitação e integração ao trabalho/sociedade, considerando os problemas da moradia/trabalho e aplicando a aproposição do SUDS na extensão das ações hospitalares a comunidade. Visitas domiciliares levantam as condições da moradia, consolidando a participação familiar no processo. Durante a internacção os cuidados de enfermagem realizados são orientados, conduzindo à participação e à realização destes, pelo cliente e familiares.

ホワイトカラーの家族生活・個人生活における生活時間構造 : 「だんらん」の研究・その 2

The pattern of home circle is provided with family hours with which they spend together. The results of survey are as follows. 1. The family hours is decided with the husbands working hours. 2. The family of no child has relatively home circle hours. 3. The family of which first child is elder than seven yearsfold, has little home circle hours. Because the husband is caused to work late at night on his business and his wife is engaged with daily sitting. 4. Old family recover its hours again and also its member has a little private hours. 5. The more the private hours they have, the more extend its needs.

Silvanus Thompson Memorial Lecture

Mr. President, Ladies, and Gentlemen, in answer to the compliment paid me by your Council I wondered what I could say that would interest you, and I decided that, instead of attempting to lift the veil that conceals the future, I would but try to draw back the curtain that the years have inevitably woven about our first President, Silvanus Phillips Thompson. I do this very willingly because he was a remarkable man. For myself I have been amazed at the life work of Silvanus Thompson, ever since, in fact, I first read his translation of Gilbert's De Magnete. In order to appreciate the man and his works, it is a good plan to take a glance at the background of his early life, for there is no doubt that the influences of his home circle were with him all his life. His grandfather was a chemist, his grandmother's brothers were both Fellows of the Royal Society, his father was a teacher of botany, and his mother was a good field botanist. The family were members of the Society of Friends and Silvanus did a great deal in his lifetime to further their ideals. Silvanus Thompson was born in York in 1851 and died in London in 1916. In those 65 years he left an astonishing record of work behind him.

Music in the Home Circle

Music in the Home Circle

REVIEWS OF BOOKS

Book reviewed in this article:A STUDY OF REACTIONS: Christian Missions and Oriental Civilizations. By Maurice T. PriceSOME BIOGRAPHIES OF PIONEERS: Robert Moffat: One of God's Gardeners. By Edwin W. SmithSOME BIOGRAPHIES OF PIONEERS: Robert Hellier Napier in Nyasaland: Being his Letters to his Home Circle. Edited by Alexander HetherwickSOME BIOGRAPHIES OF PIONEERS: The Autobiography of Theophilus Waldmeier, 1832–1915. Edited by Stephen HobhouseSOME BIOGRAPHIES OF PIONEERS: Samuel Reynolds House of Siam: Pioneer Medical Missionary, 1847–1876. By G. H. FeltusSOME BIOGRAPHIES OF PIONEERS: Gilmour of the Mongols. By W. P. NairneSOME BIOGRAPHIES OF PIONEERS: The Son of a Savage: The Story of Daniel Bula. By R. C. NicholsonSOME BIOGRAPHIES OF PIONEERS: Felix Westerwoudt: Missioner in Borneo. By E. v. R. W.THE AO NAGAS: The Ao Naga Tribe of Assam. By William Carlson SmithSEEKERS AFTER GOD: The Quest for God in China. By F. W. S. O'NeillTHEOLOGICAL EDUCATION IN CHINA: Education of Christian Ministers in China. By Samuel H. LegerJAPAN AND CHRISTIANITY: The Task in Japan: A Study in Modern Missionary Imperatives. By A. K. ReischauerAFRICAN CHRISTIANS AND ISLAM: Islam and Africa: An Introduction to the Study of Islam for African Christians. By Godfrey DaleSOME ROMAN CATHOLIC BOOKS ON MISSIONS: Along the Mission Trail. By Bruno HagspielSOME ROMAN CATHOLIC BOOKS ON MISSIONS: Africa, 1925. By William G. McMenemy.—An Outline History of Christian Missions. By Paul A. GieringerA CHURCH AND ITS MISSIONARY TASK: The World Call to the Church: The Call from Africa (2s. 6d.); The Call from India (2s. 6d.); The Call from the Far East (3s.); The Call from the Moslem World (2s. 6d.)

Book Review: A Book of Prayer for the Home Circle

Book Review: A Book of Prayer for the Home Circle

Formation of Language

PERMIT me to reply to your correspondent Mr. W. J. Stillman, on the “Formation of Language” (NATURE, March 26, p. 491). The interesting fact he records of the spontaneous invention and use of child-names for objects is not unknown to philologists. The phenomenon has been previously noticed, among others, by Miss Watson, of Boston, and Dr. E. R. Hun, of Albany, U.S.A.; by Archdeacon Farrar, in the case of Indian children left by themselves for days together in Canadian villages; and by M. Taine, in his work “De l'Intelligence.” Numerous examples of children's language are given by Dr. Horatio Hale (philologist to the U.S. Wilkes Exploring Expedition), who has made a special study of the spontaneous development of roots among children the basis of his remarkable theory of the origin of linguistic stocks. Full details will be found in a paper on the “Development of Language,” read before the Canadian Institute of Toronto, April 1888, and in an address on the “Origin of Languages and the Antiquity of Speaking Man,” in the Proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Buffalo, 1886, vol. xxxv. The occurrence has been often noticed in the families of philologists—the most noteworthy instance being that of the young nephew of the well-known Sinologist Dr. George von Gablentz. This boy, before he learned his mother-tongue, called things by names of his own invention. The constant elements were the consonants, the vowels being varied, and employed as they were deeper or higher to denote greatness or smallness. The root for round objects was m-m; a watch, plate, and the moon was mem, a large round dish or table, mum, and the stars mim mim mim; an ordinary chair was lakail, a great arm-chair lukull, and a little doll's chair likill. A distinguished Accadian, Chinese, and Semitic scholar, the Rev. C. J. Ball, makes no secret of the fact that, between the ages of six and eight, he and his young brother had names of their own devising—perfectly arbitrary monosyllables and dissyllables for several of the small tools and toys they valued most. Mary Howitt relates in her autobiography (edited by her daughters) that the silent sadness of the Quaker home circle extended to the nursemaids, and that in consequence of this the eldest child, her sister Anna, did not learn to talk until she was four years old. Long after they could talk, “being left chiefly to converse together, our ignorance of the true appellations for many ordinary sentiments and actions compelled us to coin and use words of our own invention. To sneeze was to us both okis-kow, the sound which one of our parents must have made in sneezing.” Here we get a true onomatopaeia, as in the monosyllable mea, employed by one American child for “cat”; in another child's vocabulary the extraordinary trisyllable shindikik designated that animal. The association of ideas and extension of meaning are often very suggestive—viz. migno migno = water, wash, bath; waia waiar = black, darkness, Negro. As in the case of the name for water, bhumboo, cited by Mr. Stillman, the vocables are often of two syllables, rarely of three. It is interesting to note the continued use of the little boy's own name for water as a means of identifying the acquired Italian aqua for the same object, as frequently happens with adults struggling to express themselves in a foreign tongue. Reduplication seems also to characterize these “child languages” like those of some savage tribes, and plurals are formed by repetition. The syntax, Dr. Hale remarks, resembles that of deaf-mutes and gesture language. If left to themselves there seems no reason why children with this aptitude should not develop a vocabulary at least as extensive as that of Dr. Farrar's three peasants, “who conversed for a long while without employing more than one hundred words.” Many cases of “child language,” no doubt, have passed away unrecorded. Soon after the children mix much with adults, the special vocabulary begins to die out. It is possible that the use of such spontaneously developed root-words might be prolonged among the children of the poorer classes, so often cared for by children but little older than themselves. The creches of our large towns might afford further evidence of abnormal developments of this apparently inherent inventive linguistic faculty.