Home Bleaching Research Articles

Effect of home bleaching on colour of discoloured composites

Effect of home bleaching on colour of discoloured composites

Influence of dental bleaching on the microhardness and flexural strength of resin composites

Purpose. This study aimed to examine the influence of dental bleaching systems (home bleaching system and two in-office bleaching systems) on the surface microhardness, and flexural strength of the two resin composite restorative materials (Beautifil II and OliREVO). Methods. For each test, a total of 48 samples were prepared with both types of composites. The samples of each type of composite were divided at random into four groups each of six samples, control group (C) was not bleached and kept in distilled water, other three groups (G1, G2, and G3) were bleached with 10% hydrogen peroxide (HP) home beaching, 35% and 40% HP in-office bleaching systems, respectively. To measure the composite resin's microhardness, a Vickers microhardness tester was used, while a universal testing machine was used to measure its flexural strength. Results. For statistical analysis, Duncan and ANOVA tests were used. A p-value ≤0.01 indicates statistically significant results. In-office bleaching systems (35% and 40% HP) significantly reduced microhardness and flexural strength of the used resin composites. Generally, the hardness and flexural strength of Beautifil II were better than OliREVO composite. Conclusion. Regarding the physical properties of composite resins, the microhardness and flexural strength may be compromised by bleaching treatments.

Effect of carbamide peroxide treatment on the ion release of different dental restorative materials

BackgroundTo predict the long-term performance of restorative materials in the oral environment, it is important to evaluate their resistance to chemical and mechanical degradation and to know the toxic potential of the type and amount of ions eluted from the filling material. In this study, home bleaching was applied to dental materials with different contents and it was aimed to determine the type and amount of ions released from these materials.MethodsIn this study, amalgam, posterior composite resin, anterior composite resin, bulk fill composite resin, indirect composite resin, hybrid ceramic and all-ceramic were used as restorative materials. 10 specimens of each material were prepared according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Each material group was divided into two subgroups as the bleached group and the control group. After bleaching, all specimens were stored in 1 ml of 75% ethanol/water solution. Solutions were renewed after 1, 14 and 28 days. The type and amount of ions released from the materials were determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). Data were analyzed using the Friedman, Wilcoxon Signed Ranks, and Mann-Whitney U tests (α = 0.05).ResultsIt was determined that the amount of ions release from the restorative materials decreased over time (p < 0.05). According to the results of the Mann-Whitney U test, there was no difference between the bleaching and control groups in most of the restorative materials (p > 0.05).ConclusionWithin the limits of this study, home bleaching system does not have a significant effect on ion release from restorative materials.

Dental bleaching: patient perception and satisfaction.

Teeth bleaching is a common practice performed by dental hygienists and dentists to correct aesthetic problems due to dental discoloration. Patients' opinions on this procedure may be different according to their personal experiences, expectations and individual sensitivities. The aim of this study is to assess the degree of satisfaction and related sensitivity of patients to professional and home bleaching treatment. A questionnaire consisting of 12 multiple-choice questions was submitted to 625 subjects among general population. These were related to: 1) patient's age and whether the patient is a smoker; 2) personal satisfaction; and 3) post-treatment tooth sensitivity. Descriptive analyses of all variables in the questionnaire were performed, and statistical analyses between variables were carried out by Chi-square test and Fisher's Exact test. Of the people surveyed, 66% performed home bleaching, while the remaining performed the treatment in a dental office. Thirty-three percent of patients had previously undergone teeth bleaching and the 95.7% stated that they were satisfied with the treatment. Of these, only 36.4% reported experiencing postoperative hypersensitivity. Most patients (91.3%) received professional scaling before undergoing bleaching treatment. Patient satisfaction with tooth whitening treatment can vary from patient to patient and represents a strong indicator of treatment efficacy and suitability. A proper communication, careful management and individualized patient assessment are key to maximizing satisfaction and ensuring a positive and fulfilling patient experience.

Effectiveness of desensitizing toothpastes in reducing tooth sensitivity after tooth bleaching: a systematic review.

To evaluate the effectiveness of desensitizing toothpastes in reducing post-bleaching tooth sensitivity. A systematic review of randomized clinical trials was conducted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist. Electronic searches were conducted in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library and Embase databases, using the following terms: (dentifrices OR toothpaste) AND (sensitive OR sensitivity OR dental sensitivity) AND (dental bleaching OR tooth bleaching OR dental whitening OR tooth whitening). Five studies involving 387 individuals undergoing in-office or at-home teeth bleaching were reviewed. Desensitizing toothpastes reduced sensitivity effectively after home bleaching with 22% carbamide peroxide and single-session in-office bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide. However, they were ineffective for home bleaching with 16% carbamide peroxide and in-office bleaching across two sessions with 35% or 38% hydrogen peroxide. Desensitizing toothpastes are effective for home bleaching with high concentration carbamide peroxide and single-session in-office bleaching with highly concentrated hydrogen peroxide, but ineffective for home bleaching with low concentration carbamide peroxide and two-session in-office bleaching with concentrated hydrogen peroxide.

Minimally invasive teeth whitening enhancements after orthodontic treatment with in-office bleaching: two case reports

Background: Teeth discoloration is one of the adverse effects of orthodontic treatment which causes aesthetic issues that effect on a person’s appearance. The management of teeth discoloration can be done with bleaching because it is easier to perform, faster, more effective, and more conservative than other treatments such as crowns and veneers. There are two types of bleaching techniques supervised by dentists: home bleaching and in-office bleaching. In-office bleaching is one of the most conservative and non-invasive treatment options to restore the aesthetics of discolored teeth. Purpose: This case report observes management of tooth discoloration after orthodontic treatment with in office bleaching using hydrogen peroxide 40%. Case 1: A 24-year-old woman came to Universitas Hasanuddin Dental and Oral Hospital with complaints of yellowish upper and lower teeth after removal of her fixed orthodontic appliance. Case 2: A 24 years old woman came to Universitas Hasanuddin Dental and Oral Hospital with complaints of upper and lower front teeth appearing yellowish in color, noticed from 2 years ago and had undergone orthodontic treatment for four years. Case Management: From clinical examination, both patients’ teeth have no history of caries, sensitive tooth and gingival recession. The Teeth were sensitive to vitality test. The discoloration was treated with external bleaching using 40% hydrogen peroxide. Conclusion: External Bleaching using 40% hydrogen peroxide have results in significant discoloration without changing the shape and arrangement of the patient’s teeth

Effect of Bleaching on Surface Roughness and Color Parameters of Coffee-Stained Nanohybrid Dental Composites with Different Viscosities

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to test the effect of different bleaching protocols on surface roughness, color stability, and translucency parameter of coffee-stained nanohybrid dental composites with different viscosities. Materials and Methods Five nanohybrid dental composites with different viscosities (n = 250)—Neo Spectra LV, Neo Spectra HV, Neo Spectra Flow (Dentsply, Konstanz, Germany), Grandio, and Grandio Flow (Voco, Cuxhaven, Germany)—were used to test surface roughness, color stability, and translucency parameter after bleaching of coffee-stained specimens using either in-office bleaching, home bleaching, or a combination of both. The viscosity of the five types of dental composites was tested using a viscometer. A scanning laser microscope (SLM) was used to examine the surface topography of representative samples from each dental composite after the combined effect of both bleaching agents. Effect of composite type, bleaching protocol, and their interaction was assessed by two-way analysis of variance. For multiple comparisons, Tukey's post hoc test was used with Bonferroni correction. Results Surface roughness of all coffee-stained dental composites increased after bleaching; however, those of Grandio and Grandio Flow increased significantly (p &lt; 0.0001). This was confirmed by SLM images that showed rough surface with protruding fillers after in-office and home bleaching protocol. Results revealed that bleaching, regardless of the protocol, decreased the delta E values of all dental composites; however, it was still higher than the accepted threshold value of 3.7. Neither of the bleaching protocols enhanced translucency parameter of all dental composites. Neo Spectra Flow and Voco Flow had the highest translucency parameter after the three bleaching protocols. Conclusion Bleaching does not improve color stability and translucency of coffee-stained nanohybrid dental composites regardless of the viscosity. Surface roughness of coffee-stained nanohybrid dental composites increases after application of bleaching agents.

Clinical Performance of Combined Microabrasion, Home Bleaching and Resin Infiltration for the Esthetic Management of Stained Fluorotic Teeth

Clinical Performance of Combined Microabrasion, Home Bleaching and Resin Infiltration for the Esthetic Management of Stained Fluorotic Teeth

The Effect of Home Bleaching on Color Match with Anterior Single Shade Composite Restoration

Background: Aim of this study is to assess the color matching in class III restorations made with single-shade resin composite after bleaching with different carbamide peroxide concentrations. Methods: In this study, 20 human incisors that were free of caries or enamel abnormalities and freshly extracted for periodontal or orthodontic reasons were cleaned of blood, debris, and calculus. Mesial and distal surfaces were restored with single-shade composite (Omnichroma, Tokuyama, Japan). All samples were randomly divided into two groups, all of the mesial surfaces were isolated, and distal surfaces were coated with %10 and %15 carbamide peroxide (Opalescence PF; Ultradent Products, Inc, USA). Polishing discs (Zenit Flex, President Dental, Germany) were used the composite restoration. Color matching was evaluated on photographs with a digital colorimeter. SPSS software program was used to perform statistical analysis (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Results: Statistically significant difference was found between the color matching of the restorations after the 5th treatment with 15% carbamide peroxide (p = 0.004), and at the end of 10th treatment with 10% carbamide peroxide (p = 0.028). Depending on the carbamide peroxide concentration, after the 5th treatment a statistically significant difference was found between 15% and 10% carbamide peroxide (p = 0.000), but no statistically significant difference after the 10th treatment (p &amp;gt; 0.05). Conclusions: After carbamide peroxide bleaching, hard tissue color became lighter. Since there is no color pigment in single-shade composites, color might be lighter after bleaching. Therefore, these composites may be considered safer in bleaching. Keywords: Bleaching, Color Match, Composite

The Effect of 100% Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) Extract on Tooth Discoloration with Rub Techniques

Tooth color can change because of several factors that are needed for teeth whitening. Teeth whitening can be performed on vital and non-vital teeth. Home bleaching is a vital whitening treatment that many people choose because practice can be done at home. Bleaching agent used for home bleaching techniques is 10% -22% carbamide peroxide. However, carbamide peroxide has side effects on the oral cavity. So, several previous researches have examined natural ingredients that contain the ability to whiten teeth. One of them is 100% watermelon extract which is proven to whitenteeth by immersing. However, this method cannot be applied clinically, so the purpose of this research is to know the effect of watermelon extract on tooth discoloration with rub techniques application. This type of research is an experimental laboratory. 10 maxillary premolars were discolored which were divided into two groups (watermelon extract and 10% carbamide peroxide). Each group was given the treatment 3 hours per-day for 14 days. After the bleaching process, the teeth are cleaned and immersed in a solution of saliva. Before and after bleaching, they were measured with a shade guide and spectrophotometer. Data analysis used paired t-test and wilcoxon. The results of paired t-test on group 1 p=0.024 (p &lt;0.05). The wilcoxon test results on group 2 with p=0.043 (p &lt;0.05). Both have influence, but the application of 10% watermelon extract is lower than 10% carbamide peroxide. It can be concluded: 100% watermelon extract with rubbing techniques has an effect on teeth whitening. Although, lower than 10% carbamide peroxide

Changes in physical properties of universal composites and CAD/CAM materials after bleaching and antioxidant applications: Scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscope evaluation.

To evaluate the effects of vital bleaching agents and the subsequent application of ascorbic acid (AA) to universal composites and resin-based CAD/CAM blocks on the physical properties of materials. In the study; G-enial A'chord (GCA), Filtek Ultimate (FU), Clearfil Majesty (CM) composites, and LAVA Ultimate (LU), Cerasmart (GCC) CAD/CAM blocks were used. The materials were divided into two subgroups based on the applied bleaching type (n = 30/group): office bleaching (OB) and home bleaching (HB). After bleaching, AA was applied to the samples. Surface roughness, microhardness, and color change values of all samples were measured at three stages: initial (I), post-bleaching (B), and post-bleaching+AA application (BA). Statistical analysis was performed using 3-way Mixed ANOVA with Bonferroni correction (p < .05). The BA of the HB group of CM; the B of the HB group of LU; the B roughness values of both the OB and HB groups of GCC were significantly lower than I. The microhardness values of all the materials examined decreased significantly after both bleaching (p < .05). With regard to the AA application, it significantly decreased Ra values in the HB group of CM. In addition, it significantly increased the microhardness values in the HB groups of CM and GCC. Also, the ΔE001 and ΔE002 values for the FU and GCC HB groups were significantly higher than in the OB groups (p < .05). Bleaching and AA application affected the physical properties of the materials. The physical properties of the materials either remained unchanged or improved with the application of AA after bleaching. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: This article presents in vitro results of a new approach that has not been studied before. Ascorbic acid, used to increase the bond strength between the material-tooth after bleaching, was used to eliminate the adverse effects of bleaching on the physical properties of aesthetic restorative materials. Additionally, the effects of all procedures on the materials were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). As a result of the study, it was concluded that the application of ascorbic acid after bleaching improved the physical properties of some of the materials.

Different approaches for aesthetic management of molar-incisor hypo-mineralization: two case reports

Background: Molar-incisor hypo-mineralization (MIH) is a developmental enamel defect that affect one or more permanent first molars, with or without incisor teeth involvement. When incisors are affected, that might lead to aesthetic concerns and consequently, negative impact on the child&amp;apos;s quality of life. Hence, this study presented and discussed the conservative treatment modalities for maxillary incisors with discolored enamel defects. Case Presentation: Two 12-year-old female patients was referred from pediatric clinics to treat anterior teeth discolorations after management of affected first molars. In the first case, the defect was more heterogenous with yellow-brownish discoloration. To remove yellow-brownish discoloration, in-office bleaching with 37% hydrogen peroxide was performed, followed by home bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide for one week. Then, resin infiltration (RI) was performed to seal the porous enamel and to mask the white enamel defects. In the second case, the white opacities were more homogenous, therefore, only RI treatment was applied. Conclusion: Aesthetic management of MIH patients should follow more conservative approaches like dental bleach systems and resin infiltration.

Assessment of surface roughness and compressive strength of resin-based composite using different types of bleaching protocols.

Background and objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of three types of bleaching protocols on the surface roughness and compressive strength of composite resin. Methods: Eighty composite resin samples were prepared using metal molds; forty samples (2 mm in height and 8 mm in diameter) for surface roughness evaluation and the other forty samples (6 mm in height and 4 mm in diameter) for compressive strength. Every forty samples were divided into four groups; Group 1 (n = 10) The samples were stored in deionized water at 37°C for two weeks as control, group 2 (n =10) The samples were subjected to bleaching with 22% Carbamide Peroxide (CP) Home bleaching, group 3 (n =10) The samples were subjected to bleaching with 14% Hydrogen Peroxide (HP) Home bleaching and group 4 (n =10) The samples were subjected to bleaching with 25% Hydrogen Peroxide (HP in-Office) in a dental clinic. After bleaching, groups 2, 3, and 4 were evaluated for surface roughness and compressive strength. Results: The enamel surface roughness of all specimens were increased after bleaching protocols to a very similar extent with no statistically significant difference between the means of enamel roughness of the control group and the other three groups and the highest value was recorded in the Carbamide Peroxide group (CP), while compressive strength of the composite was decreased after using bleaching protocols in all groups in comparison with the control group and the least compressive strength was recorded in (HP) group followed by (HP in-Office) group and (CP) group respectively. Conclusions: Within the limitation of this study, the following conclusions can be drawn: There was a decrease in surface roughness using different types of bleaching protocols (22% CP and 14% HP) at-Home bleaching technique and (25%) in-Office HP bleaching. Although there was no significant difference between them. The compressive strength of the composite resin was reduced after bleaching with no significant difference. Keywords: Bleaching protocol, Hydrogen peroxide, Carbamide peroxide

Effect of at-home and in-office bleaching on microleakage of class V composite resin restorations using different types of universal adhesives: An in vitro study.

When bleaching agents contact dental structures, they act on restorative materials and adhesive interfaces. This study investigated the effect of "at-home" and "in-office" bleaching on the microleakage of composite resin restorations performed with different universal adhesives in self-etch and etch-and-rinse modes. Class V cavities were prepared in 132 premolars. The samples were divided into four groups (n=33). All Bond Universal adhesive was used in the first and second groups, and G-Premio Bond adhesive was used in the third and fourth groups. The total-etch mode was used in the first and third groups, and the self-etch mode was used in the second and fourth groups. The samples were divided into three subgroups (n=11). In the first subgroup, home bleaching was used, and in the second subgroup, office bleaching was used. In the third subgroup, bleaching was not performed. The specimens were examined under a stereomicroscope for microleakage. Ordinal regression analysis was applied (P<0.05). The adhesive type, application method, and margin type significantly affected microleakage (P<0.05). The amount of microleakage in All Bond Universal adhesive was significantly higher than in G-Premio Bond adhesive. The chance of microleakage in the self-etch mode was almost twice as high as in the etch-and-rinse mode. The bleaching method did not significantly affect microleakage (P>0.05). Based on the results of the microleakage test, bleaching after composite resin restorations did not significantly affect the microleakage of Class V restorations.

Active oxygen in home bleaching. Clinical observation

Perception of the surrounding world is a subjective point of view of a single individual. Despite the multicomponent nature of the factors that determine the attitude to a particular opponent, his appearance, in particular the condition of the dentoalveolar determines the overall prognosis for further interaction. Thus, the aesthetic component, in particular the condition of the lower third of the face, plays a decisive role in assessing a person’s appearance. One of the defining tasks of aesthetic dentistry today is the development of effective and safe methods of teeth whitening. There are numerous “office” and home technologies for carrying out this procedure. The greatest interest is home bleaching, as a way to reduce the financial and time costs of patients. In addition, according to a number of studies, performing a “home ritual” contributes to greater awareness of patients about the need to monitor high-quality individual oral hygiene, which is the main component in the prevention of diseases of the oropharyngeal region. The purpose of this study is a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of existing medicinal compositions for home bleaching. Materials and methods: on the basis of PMFI, 126 patients dissatisfied with the aesthetic appearance of the dentition participated in the study, who were divided into 4 groups: 1st — 53 patients with A2 color; 2nd — 36 with B2 color; 3rd — 17 with B1 color; 4th — 20 with color B2. All subjects before the course of maintenance therapy were home bleaching for 14 days using ACTIVE OXYGEN components, after which, according to the design of the study, the proposed algorithm was performed, differing according to the division into groups, to maintain the result obtained. The evaluation criteria were — fixation of indicators according to the Vita scale on the 7th, 14th day and after 1 month. The sensitivity indicators of the dentition were also evaluated using the Schiff scale. Results: a stable result was obtained in all groups, by the 14th day of observation in 6 patients of group 1, when determining the color of the dentition on the Vita scale, the color changed to A1, in 4 patients of group 2, the color changed to B1, in group 4, 10 patients had discoloritis with a color change to A2, which it was a negative trend in the absence of the use of additional individual hygiene products. Conclusions. The use of home supportive personal hygiene products with bleaching action is a necessary condition for maintaining the result, especially in patients with bad habits and non-compliance with the “white” diet in the long term.

Color match analysis of single-shade and multi-shade composite resins using spectrophotometric and visual methods after bleaching.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the color match of the materials after the staining and bleaching procedures applied to the teeth restored with single-shade and multi-shade composite resins. Cavities prepared on the facial surface of human incisors were restored with two different composite resins. After 24 h, the color matching parameters between the initial filling-tooth of the samples were recorded. Then, the color measurements of the samples subjected to the coloring process were repeated. Each composite resin group was randomly divided into 2 subgroups and home and office bleaching methods were applied to the samples. After bleaching, color measurements were repeated. In terms of periods, a statistically significant difference was found in ΔE values 1 day and 28 days after bleaching (p<0.05). In addition, it was found that the color match between filling-tooth was generally weaker in Omnichroma material and after home bleaching.

Effect of bleaching treatments on the adhesion of orthodontic brackets: a systematic review

BackgroundNowadays bleaching procedures have gained popularity in orthodontic patients. Peroxide and Carbamide acids are the common agents which are used in in-office and at home bleaching techniques.Consequently, the Bonding adhesion to the enamel can be influenced by the orthodontic phase and the residual peroxide might interfere with the polymerization and the adhesion of the brackets.Frequent debonding of the brackets from teeth after the bleaching procedure could cause the lengthening of the therapy and promote irregularities on enamel surface derived from an additional bonding phase of the brackets.The aim of this systematic review is to appraise the influence regarding the effect of the bleaching procedure on the bond strength of orthodontic brackets.MethodsAn electronic database search was performed. Search terms included: bleaching, brackets, adhesion; data were extracted and summarized. Risk of bias was assessed using the Chocrane risk of bias tool, adapted for in vitro studies.ResultsA total of 8689 articles were screened and 11 studies met the inclusion criteria of this systematic review.1000 teeth of human and bovine origin were analyzed for the shear bond strength (SBS) of stainless and ceramic brackets after the bleaching treatments. All the authors divided the groups in different subgroups with different bleaching agents and in different concentration.The SBS value allowed to demonstrate the necessity to delay the bonding of the brackets for two weeks after a bleaching treatment and its improvement when tooth mousse or antioxidants agents are used.ConclusionsThe SBS values and the delay of the bonding procedure must be considered in dental practice and clinical strategies are necessary in order to avoid drawbacks which could cause the debonding of the brackets after bleaching due to the alterations of the dental substrate, thus interfering with the orthodontic treatments.

Evaluation of color changes produced by different bleaching techniques on stained two different ceramic materials

Objective The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the color changes produced by different bleaching techniques on two different stained ceramic materials. Material and methods The total 40 specimens of IPS e.max and shofu were stained by immersing in coffee 30 min daily for 14 days and color assessment was done by spectrophotometer, then the specimens were divided into two subgroups according to the bleaching technique home bleaching (white smile) and office bleaching (pola office), the bleaching was done according to manufacturer instruction for pola office: an adequate thickness of the bleaching agent by the brush was applied for 8 min. This procedure was repeated for 3 times. And for home bleaching (white smile): specimens were placed in the mold to receive home bleaching agent by immersion 60 min daily for 6 days. Then the color was assessed after bleaching procedure to determine the changes. The data were statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA test and Correlation analysis. Results Shofu recorded higher staining affinity with mean value 6.72 ± 2.33 than (IPS) e.max group with mean value 4.92 ± 2.08. For bleaching: Shofu HC group home bleaching group recorded higher bleaching affinity with mean value 7.86 ± 1.93 whereas shofu office bleaching group recorded mean value 6.04 ± 0.65. As for e.max home bleaching group recorded also higher ∆ E with mean value 5.68 ± 0.86 whereas e.max office bleaching group recorded mean value 4.37 ± 1.01. And a strong relation was recorded between ∆E1 and ∆E2 in all groups as r greater than 0.5. Conclusion Shofu HC and IPS e.max showed affinity to staining but Shofu HC showed higher stain ability than IPS e.max, Office and home bleaching techniques affected the color of both ceramics materials and home bleaching showed higher significant difference. And Shofu HC showed higher color change after home and office bleaching than IPS e.max.

A randomized clinical trial investigating the effect of three vital tooth bleaching protocols on oral health-related quality of life

ObjectivesThis study aimed to compare changes in oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) resulting from three vital tooth bleaching protocols. MethodsThe participants (n = 105) were randomly assigned to one of three vital bleaching treatment groups: home bleaching (HB), in-office bleaching (IOB), or combined bleaching (CB). HB involved the use of custom-made trays and 10% carbamide peroxide for a 14-day treatment period. IOB utilized 37.5% hydrogen peroxide applied in three cycles. CB treatment involved the use of IOB followed by HB. Tooth colour change was evaluated using a shade guide (ΔVS) and a digital spectrophotometry device (ΔES). The Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) and Oral Impact on Daily Performance-22 (OIDP-22) instruments were used to assess changes in OHRQoL at baseline, 15-days and 6-month recalls. Linear mixed models were used to estimate between- and within-group differences. ResultsAll bleaching protocols led to significant improvements in overall OHIP-14 scores at the 6-month recall (p ≤ 0.037). CB and IOB treatments were associated with more substantial positive impacts on overall scores, psychological discomfort, physical disability (CB only), and psychological disability (CB only) compared to HB (p ≤ 0.011). Significant enhancements in OIDP-22 scores were observed in the CB and HB groups at the 6-month recall compared to baseline (p ≤ 0.006), with evidence indicating that these improvements were greater in the CB group compared to the IOB group (p = 0.007). ConclusionAll bleaching treatments demonstrated a positive impact on OHRQoL. However, the positive impact was most consistent across domains and age groups in the CB group. The positive impact was less pronounced in older age groups.

Ion Release from Stainless Steel Brackets Subjected to Tooth Bleaching Treatment.

Tooth discoloration in the form of staining is a common finding during conventional orthodontic treatment. Due to elevated esthetic standards, clinicians in the field of orthodontics are faced with increasing demands by patients to perform bleaching treatments while the appliances are still in place. Though the success of such treatments has been reported in literature, the effect of whitening agents on orthodontic appliances has not been evaluated. Increased ion release following corrosion of orthodontic brackets is considered a health hazard. In this study, we measured the amount of ion release from steel brackets under home and office bleaching treatment in order to evaluate the safety of such treatments during orthodontic therapy. In this experimental study, a total of 120 brackets were randomly divided into 3 groups. The first group was subjected to an office bleaching regimen (hydrogen peroxide 40%). The second group was subjected to a home bleaching treatment (carbamide peroxide 20%). The third group did not receive any bleaching treatment. The specimens of all groups were immersed in artificial saliva and after 30 days, the amount of released chromium, copper, iron, magnesium, and nickel ions was measured and compared using one way ANOVA. The results showed that ion release was significantly different between the three groups (pValue >0.05). For the chromium, iron, magnesium, and Nickel ion release the order was as follows: no bleaching < home bleaching < office bleaching. However, the copper ion release was greater in the group that received home bleaching. Ion release was enhanced when bleaching treatments were performed, with office bleaching having a more significant effect. Although the amounts of released ions were less than those permitted by WHO, we suggest that the clinicians recommend home bleaching for orthodontic patients that are seeking tooth whitening treatment.