Homalomena Occulta Research Articles

Isolation of linalool compounds of nampu rhizome essential oil (Homalomena occulta) by vacuum fractionation distillation method

The perfume industry in various countries is increasingly expanding and the appeal of perfume comes from its distinctive scent. One of Indonesia's potential needs in the organic perfume industry is essential oils. Nampu rhizome (Homalomena occulta) has great potential and is widely spread on the island of Java. This is because the Nampu rhizome has the main chemical component in the form of linalool compounds, which are essential oil components with high economic value, so it needs to improve quality by increasing its purity. A technology that was developed to improve the purity of essential oils was vacuum fractionation distillation. The purpose of the study was to analyze the effect of temperature on the quality of distillation in the fractionation results of Nampu rhizome essential oil (linalool compound). The experiment used a material temperature factor between 135-160°C and > 160°C.The analysis of fractionation results was carried out on physical properties including refractive index, specific gravity, optical rotation, colour, and linalool compound with GC-FID and yield. The results showed a refractive index value of 1.4620 nD, specific gravity of 0.8647, optical rotation of -19.80, clear oil colour and yield of 69.80%. Chemical analysis with GC-FID improves the purity level of the final product against the linalool fraction increased by 10.02% or linalool purity by 90.92%.

In vitro antioxidant activity and content of bioactive compounds from Homalomena occulta

In vitro antioxidant activity and content of bioactive compounds from Homalomena occulta

People's psychological and physiological responses to the combined smell-thermal environments

Both smell and thermal sensation are important sensory modalities for the human body. To reveal the adaptation pattern of the human body in complex environments and improve the quality of the human living environment, it is important to study the compound mechanisms of olfactory and thermal sensations on people's psychological perception and physiological indicators. In this study, three olfactory environment variables (peppermint, Homalomena occulta, and dried ginger) and three thermal environment variables (16 °C, 20 °C, and 24 °C) were selected, and the psychological and physiological data were obtained from 24 healthy subjects. The results showed that both the olfactory and thermal environments had effects on thermal sensation, thermal comfort, and total comfort (p < 0.05). The olfactory environment (η2 = 0.126) had a more significant effect on the total comfort when compared with the thermal environment (η2 = 0.029), while the thermal environment did not have a significant effect on the odour comfort. In addition, the thermal environment was found to have a significant effect on the skin temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure indicators, while the olfactory environment had no significant effects. This study suggests that the olfactory environment has more influence on the subjective perception of the human body than the thermal environment, but it does not directly affect the physiological indicators, while the thermal environment has some influence on the psychological perception and physiological indicators. Therefore, by creating an olfactory environment, it could be possible to improve environmental comfort.

Activity of Ethanol Extract of Homalomena Occulta Rhizome in Inhibiting Kidney Stone Formation in Wistar Rats

Homalomena occulta is a plant that grows in Madiun, especially Caruban. Patients can overcome kidney stone disease by boiling the H. occulta (nampu) rhizome with water. The present study aimed to evaluate the antilithiatic effect of the ethanol extract of the H. occulta rhizome in preventing nephrolithiasis in rats. Ethylene glycol was used to induce the urolithiasis in the Wistar rats. The rats were divided into six groups, namely I (normal), II (ethylene glycol induced), III (commercial drug treated, Cystone® 750 mg/kg BW), IV (H. occulta rhizome extract treated, dose 250 mg/kg BW), V (H. occulta rhizome extract treated, dose 500 mg/kg BW), and VI (H. occulta rhizome extract treated, dose 1000 mg/kg BW).&#x0D; Keywords: kidney stone, ethylene glycol, calcium level, Homalomena occulta

Chemical compositions and stability of Vietnamese Homalomena occulta essential oil under the influence of storage conditions

Chemical compositions and stability of Vietnamese Homalomena occulta essential oil under the influence of storage conditions

Evaluation of antibacterial properties of some essential oils from Vietnam

Natural products have attracted attention from scientists because of their potential to replace antibiotics in the near future. Thanks to Vietnam’s richness in biodiversity, this study aimed at evaluating antibacterial activity of eleven essential oils from various plants. These essential oils were collected from various plants across Vietnam such as corn mint, clove, clove basil, eugenol, tea tree, terpinen-4-ol, kaffir lime, Mexican mint, rosemary, Homalomena occulta, and betel. By chemical reaction and fractional vacuum distillation method, eugenol and terpinen-4-ol was isolated from clove basil and tea tree oils with the content reaching up to 97.0% and 95.8%, respectively. The antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli of essential oils was determined by disk diffusion and broth dilution method. As a result, Mexican mint oil and eugenol exhibited high antibacterial properties with low MICs and MBCs (62.5 to 125 uL/L), whereas other essential oils (clove, clove basil, betel, tea tree, terpinen-4-ol) had higher MIC and MBC values ranged from 125 to 500 uL/L.

Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of Homalomena occulta (Lour.) Schott

Homalomena occulta (Lour.) Schott (H. occulta) is a traditional Chinese medicine. However, the chloroplast genome has not been reported. Here, we assembled and analyzed the complete chloroplast (CP) genome of H. occulta. We found that the CP genome of H. occulta is 165,398 bp in length and contains a large single-copy (LSC) region of 92,861 bp, a small single-copy (SSC) region of 20,943 bp and an inverted repeat (IR) region of 25,797 bp. The genome contains 130 genes including 85 protein-coding genes, 8 rRNA and 37 tRNA. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that H. occulta is close to Philodendron lanceolatum. This study provides useful data for the development of molecular markers and identification of H. occulta.

Effectiveness assessment of plant mixtures against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis in grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella

Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, a ciliated parasite, results in “white spot disease” of freshwater fish. The outbreak of this disease causes a significant economic loss in the aquaculture industry. The present study aimed to screen the plants mixture with high antiparasitic efficacy against I. multifiliis and assess the toxicity of plants mixture to grass carp. The screening study indicated that ethanol extracts of Cynanchum atratum, Psoralea corylifolia, Zingiber officinale, Sophora flavescens, Homalomena occulta, Curcuma longa, and Morus alba showed antiparasitic efficacy against I. multifiliis. Twenty-one combinations composed of every two of the seven plants were prepared to investigate their additive, synergistic, and antagonistic effects as well as indifference using the checkerboard arrays method. Nine combinations with synergistic and additive effects were screened for the further in vitro, in vivo, and acute toxicity experiments. Finally, combination 4 (Com 4) containing C. atratum and S. flavescens showed high efficacy in treating grass carp infected with I. multifiliis. Com 4 at a concentration of 6 mg/L with a continuous usage for 10 days cured the infected grass carp. The 96 h median lethal concentration (LC50) of Com 4 to grass carp was 173.4 mg/L with a safe concentration (SC) of 47.4 mg/L. Thus, Com 4 has a low toxicity potential candidate to prevent and control I. multifiliis in grass carp.

Further sesquiterpenoids from the rhizomes of Homalomena occulta and their anti-inflammatory activity

The rhizomes of Homalomena occulta are called Qian-nian-jian in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), which is widely consumed in China owing to its health benefits for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and for strengthening tendons and bones. A phytochemical investigation on this famous TCM yielded 19 sesquiterpenoids (1–19) with various carbocyclic skeletons including isodaucane (2, 8, and 9), guaiane (3), eudesmane (4 and 10–15), oppositane (5, 16, and 17), and aromadendrane (18 and 19) types. The structures of new compounds, Homalomenins A-E (1–5), were determined by diverse spectroscopic data. Compound 1 possessed a rare sesquiterpenoid skeleton and compound 5 represented the first example of 1,4-oxa-oppositane sesquiterpenoid. These isolates were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on COX-2 mRNA, COX-2 protein expression, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in Raw264.7 cells, which demonstrated that compounds 5, 18, 19 showed potent anti-inflammatory activity by suppressing LPS-induced COX-2 expression and PGE2 production in a dose-dependent manner.

Purification, characterization, crystal structure and NO production inhibitory activity of three new sesquiterpenoids from homalomena occulta.

Two new isodaucane-type sesquiterpenoids, namely (1R,4S,5S,6R,7S,10R)-isodauc-6,7,10-triol, C15H28O3, (1), and (1R,4S,5S,6S,7S,10R)-isodauc-6,7,10-triol, (2), and a new eudesmane-type sesquiterpenoid, 1β,4β,5α-trihydroxyeudesmane, (3), were obtained from the rhizomes of homalomena occulta with the aid of column chromatography. Their structures were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic analyses, including 1D NMR, 2D NMR and HRESIMS. The structure of (1) was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and the absolute configuration was assigned with respect to that of the precursor. The single-crystal structure reveals that adjacent molecules of (1) embrace through two groups of intermolecular O-H...O hydrogen bonds to generate a two-dimensional sheet with a 63-net topology. The three compounds were evaluated for their activity against lipopolysaccharide-induced production of nitrogen oxide (NO) in RAW 264.7 cells, and (1) showed an inhibitory effect on NO production, with IC50 values of 5.7±0.22 µM.

New aromatic compounds from the rhizomes of Homalomena occulta

Three new aromatic compounds, identified as 1-(3′,4′-methylenedioxy-phenyl)-10-(3″-hydroxyphenyl)-decane (1), 1-(3′,4′-methylenedioxy-phenyl)-12-(3″-hydroxyphenyl)-dodecane (2), and 1-(3′,4′-methylenedioxy-phenyl)-12-(3″-hydroxyphenyl)-6Z-dodecylene (3), along with six known compounds (4–9) were isolated from the 95% EtOH extract of Homalomena occulta. Their structures were elucidated by chemical and spectral methods Compounds 4–9 were isolated for the first time from this plant. Compounds 1–3 exhibited inhibitory activity against BACE1, with IC50 values of 0.82–1.09μmol/L.

Sesquiterpenoids from the Rhizomes of Homalomena occulta.

Naturally occurring oplopanane sesquiterpenoids are rarely reported. A phytochemical investigation on the rhizomes of Homalomena occulta (Lours) has resulted in the discovery of six oplopanane sesquiterpenoids (1–6), including four new (1–4) and one 3,5-seco-oplopanane (6), together with three previously reported sesquiterpenoids (7−9). In addition three new oplopananes (2a–4a) were also obtained by chemical transformation. All structures of these sesquiterpenoids were established based on the comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, including NMR, MS, and IR, and comparing with the literatures.Graphical Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13659-016-0104-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

New sesquiterpenes from the rhizomes of homalomena occulta

Six new sesquiterpenes (1–6), along with eight known ones (7–14) were isolated from the rhizomes of Homalomena occulta. Structure elucidation of the new compounds was achieved through 1D NMR, 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques and HRESIMS, while the absolute configurations of compounds 1, 2 and 5 were confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. All of the isolates were evaluated for their activity against LPS-induced production of nitrogen oxide (NO) in macrophage cells, and compounds 1 and 5 showed inhibitory effect on NO production with the IC50 values of 21.2 and 15.4μM, respectively.

Preparation of molecularly imprinted polymers based on magnetic nanoparticles for the selective extraction of protocatechuic acid from plant extracts.

In this study, highly selective core-shell molecularly imprinted polymers on the surface of magnetic nanoparticles were prepared using protocatechuic acid as the template molecule. The resulting magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and vibrating sample magnetometry. The binding performances of the prepared materials were evaluated by static and selective adsorption. The binding isotherms were obtained for protocatechuic acid and fitted by the Langmuir isotherm model and Freundlich isotherm model. Furthermore, the resulting materials were used as the solid-phase extraction materials coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography for the selective extraction and detection of protocatechuic acid from the extracts of Homalomena occulta and Cynomorium songaricum with the recoveries in the range 86.3-102.2%.

A new sesquiterpenoid from the rhizomes of Homalomena occulta

Chemical constituents of EtOAc extract from the rhizomes of traditional Chinese medicine Qian-nian-jian (Homalomena occulta) have been studied, a new sesquiterpenoid, named euadesma-4-ene-1β,15-diol (1), and four related known compounds, polydactin B (2), oplodiol (3), 1β,4β,7α-trihydroxyeudesmane (4), and (–)1β,4β,6α-trihydroxy-eudesmane (5), were isolated. Their structures were elucidated using spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR techniques and mass spectrometry. All the isolates were tested against the human lung adenocarcinoma A549 using MTT assay method. Oplodiol (3) and (–)1β,4β,6α-trihydroxy-eudesmane (5) were found to show moderate cytotoxic effects on A549 with IC50 values at 25.5 and 15.0 μg/mL, respectively.

Chemical constituents from rizomes of Homalomena occulta

Column chromatography on silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 was used to study the chemical constituents of Homalomena occulta. The chemical structures of the separated compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic data analyseS. Twelve compounds were obtained and identified as 5-pentylresorcinol-b-glucoside (1), protocatechuic acid (2), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (3), vanillic acid (4), 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxylic acid (5), 2-furoic acid (6), 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (7), (R) -malic acid (8), (R) -dimethyl malate (9), trimethyl 1,2,3-propanetricarboxylate (10), 4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-one (11) and (1S, 2S, 4S)-p-menthane-1,2, 4-triol (12). Among them, compound 1 was a new natural product, and compounds 4-12 were isolated from the genus for the first time.

Sesquiterpenoids from the Rhizomes of Homalomena occulta

Phytochemical investigation on the rhizomes of Homalomena occulta resulted in the isolation of five new sesquiterpenoids, namely cadinane-4β,5α,10α-triol (1), 5(11)-epoxycadinane-4β,5β,10β,11-tetraol (2), bullatantiol-1β-methyl malate (3), 1β,4β,7α-trihydroxyeudesmane-1β-methyl malate (6), and 1β,4α,7-trihydroxyeudes-mane (7), together with five known sesquiterpenoids, bullatantriol (4), acetylbullatantriol (5), 1β,4β,7α-trihydroxyeudesmane (8), 1β,4β,7β-trihydroxyeude-smane (9), and pterodontriol (10). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic evidences, including various 1D and 2D NMR and HR-ESI-MS. The structure of 1 was further confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.

BACE1 (Beta‐Secretase) Inhibitory Phenolic Acids and a Novel Sesquiterpenoid from Homalomena occulta

Four phenolic acids, namely 2-[(Z)-heptadec-11-enyl]-6-hydroxybenzoic acid (1), 2-[(6Z,9Z,12Z)-heptadeca-6,9,12-trienyl]-6-hydroxybenzoic acid (2), 2-[(9Z,12Z)-heptadeca-9,12-dienyl]-6-hydroxybenzoic acid (3), and 2-hydroxy-6-(12-phenyldodecyl)benzoic acid (4), and one sesquiterpene, asperpenoid (5), were isolated from the 95% EtOH extract of the roots of Homalomena occulta, among which 1, 2, and 5 represent new compounds. Further, the phenolic acids 1-4 exhibited BACE1 (beta-secretase) inhibitory activity with IC(50) values of 6.23+/-0.94, 6.28+/-0.63, 7.93+/-0.38, and 7.65+/-0.62 microM, respectively.

A new sesquiterpenoid from rhizomes of Homalomena occulta

A new sesquiterpeniod, 6α, 7α, 10α-trihydroxyisoducane (1), together with two known sesquiterpenoids, oplodiol (2) and oplopanone (3), were isolated from the chloroform extract of the rhizomes of Homalomena occulta. Their structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR spectral interpretation.

Sesquiterpenoids from Homalomena occulta affect osteoblast proliferation, differentiation and mineralization in vitro

Chemical investigation of rhizomes of Homalomena occulta (Lours) resulted in isolation and identification of two sesquiterpenoids ( 6, 7), and one daucane ester 8, together with five known sesquiterpenoids, oplodiol, oplopanone, homalomenol C, bullatantriol, and 1β,4β,7α-trihydroxyeudesmane. Their structures were elucidated using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic and X-ray analyses. The chloroform extract of this plant and compounds 1– 7 were tested in vitro for their activities in stimulating osteoblast (OB) proliferation, differentiation and mineralization. Compounds 1– 4 had a stimulative effect on significantly proliferation and differentiation of culture osteoblasts, while the chloroform extract and 1 significantly stimulated mineralization of cultured osteoblasts in vitro.