IntroductionMass gatherings can be defined as spontaneous or planned gatherings of many individuals that lead to an increased burden on local healthcare services. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of common disease presentations to temporary healthcare outlets during Al-Sha’abania mass gathering events to improve public health preparedness for future events. MethodA cross-sectional study was conducted during the Al-Sha’abania religious mass gathering in Karbala between February 24 and February 26, 2024, including seven healthcare outlets distributed around Imam Hussein and Imam Abbas Holy Shrines. ResultWe retrieved the records of 6799 patients who attended the temporary healthcare outlets during the data collection period; 3919 (57.6 %) were males. Females (62.0 %) and individuals above the age of 50 (52.7 %) constituted a higher proportion of emergency presentations. The most common cause of attendance was non-communicable conditions in both cold (66.7 %) and emergency cases (49.4 %). However, accidents/injuries were more common in emergency presentations (18.8 % vs. 2.7 %). The highest overall cause of attendance across all categories was joint/bone conditions (1192, 19.26 %) for cold cases and hypertension for emergency cases (84, 13.75 %). Out of the 611 patients with emergency presentation, only 8 (1.3 %) required referral to secondary and tertiary healthcare centers. ConclusionDifferences in the number of cases presented to different healthcare outlets require careful resource allocation during future mass gathering events in Karbala. Additionally, the importance of managing chronic conditions should be emphasized to reduce the burden of non-communicable conditions during mass gathering events.