Holomorphic Matrix Research Articles

Temporal asynchrony analysis for dynamic operation of hydraulic-thermal-electricity multiple energy networks based on holomorphic embedding method

Analyzing the operational states of multiple energy networks (MEN) in multi-energy systems is crucial for ensuring system stability. The dynamic operational characteristics of different energy flows pose challenges for computational analysis. Traditional steady-state methods are inadequate for addressing the dynamics of MEN, especially when dealing with temporal discrepancies between hydraulic and thermal flows in thermal networks (TN) and the heterogeneity between TN and electrical networks. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel holomorphic embedding method (HEM) based on multi-stage decomposition method. The developed HEM constructs a time coefficient matrix and utilize inner-outer loop recursion to handle the time lag between thermal flow and hydraulic flow in the TN. Additionally, we reconstruct a holomorphic matrix, integrating hydraulic flow to bridge thermal and electric power flows, thereby improving the operational heterogeneity among different networks. Real-case simulations show that when the Taylor expansion order in HEM is equal to 4, the proposed method achieves a mere 1% discrepancy from actual operational data, enhancing computational efficiency by 60% compared to the Newton-Raphson method. Moreover, in this real-case, the TN exhibits a maximum delay response time of 180s compared to electrical networks. Exploiting this delay time effectively increases renewable energy generation within multi-energy systems by 961.58kW per day.

Matrix Bundles and Operator Algebras Over a Finitely Bordered Riemann Surface

This note presents an analysis of a class of operator algebras constructed as cross-sectional algebras of flat holomorphic matrix bundles over a finitely bordered Riemann surface. These algebras are partly inspired by the bundle shifts of Abrahamse and Douglas. The first objective is to understand the boundary representations of the containing $$C^*$$ -algebra, i.e. Arveson’s noncommutative Choquet boundary for each of our operator algebras. The boundary representations of our operator algebras for their containing $$C^*$$ -algebras are calculated, and it is shown that they correspond to evaluations on the boundary of the Riemann surface. Secondly, we show that our algebras are Azumaya algebras, the algebraic analogues of n-homogeneous $$C^*$$ -algebras.

Phase space and phase transitions in the Penner matrix model with negative coupling constant

The partition function of the Penner matrix model for both positive and negative values of the coupling constant can be explicitly written in terms of the Barnes G function. In this paper we show that for negative values of the coupling constant this partition function can also be represented as the product of an holomorphic matrix integral by a nontrivial oscillatory function of n. We show that the planar limit of the free energy with ’t Hooft sequences does not exist. Therefore we use a certain modification that uses Kuijlaars–McLaughlin sequences instead of ’t Hooft sequences and leads to a well-defined planar free energy and to an associated two-dimensional phase space. We describe the different configurations of complex saddle points of the holomorphic matrix integral both to the left and to the right of the critical point, and interpret the phase transitions in terms of processes of gap closing, eigenvalue tunneling, and Bose condensation.

Solving large‐scale nonlinear eigenvalue problems by rational interpolation and resolvent sampling based Rayleigh–Ritz method

SummaryNumerical solution of nonlinear eigenvalue problems (NEPs) is frequently encountered in computational science and engineering. The applicability of most existing methods is limited by the matrix structures, properties of the eigen‐solutions, sizes of the problems, etc. This paper aims to remove those limitations and develop robust and universal NEP solvers for large‐scale engineering applications. The novelty lies in two aspects. First, a rational interpolation approach (RIA) is proposed based on the Keldysh theorem for holomorphic matrix functions. Comparing with the existing contour integral approach, the RIA provides the possibility to select sampling points in more general regions and has advantages in improving the accuracy and reducing the computational cost. Second, a resolvent sampling scheme using the RIA is proposed to construct reliable search spaces for the Rayleigh–Ritz procedure, based on which a robust eigen‐solver, called resolvent sampling based Rayleigh–Ritz method (RSRR), is developed for solving general NEPs. The RSRR can be easily implemented and parallelized. The advantages of the RIA and the performance of the RSRR are demonstrated by a variety of benchmark and application examples. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Solving large-scale finite element nonlinear eigenvalue problems by resolvent sampling based Rayleigh-Ritz method

This paper focuses on the development and engineering applications of a new resolvent sampling based Rayleigh-Ritz method (RSRR) for solving large-scale nonlinear eigenvalue problems (NEPs) in finite element analysis. There are three contributions. First, to generate reliable eigenspaces the resolvent sampling scheme is derived from Keldysh's theorem for holomorphic matrix functions following a more concise and insightful algebraic framework. Second, based on the new derivation a two-stage solution strategy is proposed for solving large-scale NEPs, which can greatly enhance the computational cost and accuracy of the RSRR. The effects of the user-defined parameters are studied, which provides a useful guide for real applications. Finally, the RSRR and the two-stage scheme is applied to solve two NEPs in the FE analysis of viscoelastic damping structures with up to 1 million degrees of freedom. The method is versatile, robust and suitable for parallelization, and can be easily implemented into other packages.

A factorization method for products of holomorphic matrix functions

A class of matrix functions defined on a contour which bounds a finitely connected domain in the complex plane is considered. It is assumed that each matrix function in this class can be explicitly represented as a product of two matrix functions holomorphic in the outer and the inner part of the contour, respectively. The problem of factoring matrix functions in the class under consideration is studied. A constructive method reducing the factorization problem to finitely many explicitly written systems of linear algebraic equations is proposed. In particular, explicit formulas for partial indices are obtained.

Superpotentials, quantum parameter space and phase transitions in $ \mathcal{N} $ = 1 supersymmetric gauge theories

We study the superpotentials, quantum parameter space and phase transitions that arise in the study of large N dualities between $\mathcal{N}=1$ SUSY U(N) gauge theories and string models on local Calabi-Yau manifolds. The main tool of our analysis is a notion of spectral curve characterized by a set of complex partial 't Hooft parameters and cuts given by projections on the spectral curve of minimal supersymmetric cycles of the underlying Calabi-Yau manifold. In particular we show how prepotentials and superpotentials can be associated to spectral curves without relying on any holomorphic matrix model. As an application, we use a combination of analytical and numerical methods to study the cubic model, determine the analytic condition satisfied by critical one-cut spectral curves, and characterize the transition curves between the one-cut and two-cut phases both in the space of spectral curves and in the quantum parameter space.

Weak coupling large-N transitions at finite baryon density

We study thermodynamics of free SU(N) gauge theory with a large number of colours and flavours on a three-sphere, in the presence of a baryon number chemical potential. Reducing the system to a holomorphic large-N matrix integral, paying specific attention to theories with scalar flavours (squarks), we identify novel third-order deconfining phase transitions as a function of the chemical potential. These transitions in the complex large-N saddle point configurations are interpreted as "melting" of baryons into (s)quarks. They are triggered by the exponentially large (~ exp(N)) degeneracy of light baryon-like states, which include ordinary baryons, adjoint-baryons and baryons made from different spherical harmonics of flavour fields on the three-sphere. The phase diagram of theories with scalar flavours terminates at a phase boundary where baryon number diverges, representing the onset of Bose condensation of squarks.

Multidimensional circuit synthesis and multivariable dilation theory

Holomorphic contractive matrix- or operator-valued functions on the unit disk and their counterparts under double Cayley transform, namely holomorphic functions with positive real part on the right half plane, have been a fundamental object of study in both the mathematics and engineering communities. We discuss recent extensions of these notions to multivariable settings.

An Eigenvalue Perturbation Approach to Stability Analysis, Part I: Eigenvalue Series of Matrix Operators

This two-part paper is concerned with stability analysis of linear systems subject to parameter variations, of which linear time-invariant delay systems are of particular interest. We seek to characterize the asymptotic behavior of the characteristic zeros of such systems. This behavior determines, for example, whether the imaginary zeros cross from one half plane into another, and hence plays a critical role in determining the stability of a system. In Part I of the paper we develop necessary mathematical tools for this study, which focuses on the eigenvalue series of holomorphic matrix operators. While of independent interest, the eigenvalue perturbation analysis has a particular bearing on stability analysis and, indeed, has the promise to provide efficient computational solutions to a class of problems relevant to control systems analysis and design, of which time-delay systems are a notable example.

Formula omitted] supersymmetric black attractors in six and seven dimensions

Using a quaternionic formulation of the moduli space M ( IIA / K 3 ) of 10D type IIA superstring on a generic K3 complex surface with volume V 0 , we study extremal N = 2 black attractors in 6D space–time and their uplifting to 7D. For the 6D theory, we exhibit the role played by 6D N = 1 hypermultiplets and the Z m central charges isotriplet of the 6D N = 2 superalgebra. We construct explicitly the special hyper-Kähler geometry of M ( IIA / K 3 ) and show that the SO ( 4 ) × SO ( 20 ) invariant hyper-Kähler potential is given by H = H 0 + Tr [ ln ( 1 − V 0 −1 S ) ] with Kähler leading term H 0 = Tr [ ln V 0 ] plus an extra term which can be expanded as a power series in V 0 −1 and the traceless and symmetric 3×3 matrix S . We also derive the holomorphic matrix prepotential G and the flux potential G BH of the 6D black objects induced by the topology of the RR field strengths F 2 = d A 1 and F 4 = d A 3 on the K3 surface and show that G BH reads as Q 0 + ∑ m = 1 3 q m Z m . Moreover, we reveal that Z m = ∑ I = 1 20 Q I ( ∫ C 2 I J m ) where the isotriplet J m is the hyper-Kähler 2-form on the K3 surface. It is found as well that the uplifting to seven dimensions is quite similar to 4D/5D correspondence for back hole potential considered in arXiv: 0707.0964 [hep-ph]. Then we study the N = 2 black object attractors in 6D and 7D obtained respectively from type IIA string and M-theory on K3.

Black-hole attractors inN= 1 supergravity

We study the attractor mechanism for N = 1 supergravity coupled to vector and chiral multiplets and compute the attractor equations of these theories. These equations may have solutions depending on the choice of the holomorphic symmetric matrix f?? which appears in the kinetic lagrangian of the vector sector. Models with non trivial electric-magnetic duality group which have or have not attractor behavior are exhibited. For a particular class of models, based on an N = 1 reduction of homogeneous special geometries, the attractor equations are related to the theory of pure spinors.

Holomorphic anomaly and matrix models

The genus g free energies of matrix models can be promoted to modular invariant, non-holomorphic amplitudes which only depend on the geometry of the classical spectral curve. We show that these non-holomorphic amplitudes satisfy the holomorphic anomaly equations of Bershadsky, Cecotti, Ooguri and Vafa. We derive as well holomorphic anomaly equations for the open string sector. These results provide evidence at all genera for the Dijkgraaf--Vafa conjecture relating matrix models to type B topological strings on certain local Calabi--Yau threefolds.

Special geometry of local Calabi-Yau manifolds and superpotentials from holomorphic matrix models

We analyse the (rigid) special geometry of a class of local Calabi-Yau manifolds given by hypersurfaces in C^4 as W'(x)^2+f_0(x)+v^2+w^2+z^2=0, that arise in the study of the large N duals of four-dimensional N=1 supersymmetric SU(N) Yang-Mills theories with adjoint field \Phi and superpotential W(\Phi). The special geometry relations are deduced from the planar limit of the corresponding holomorphic matrix model. The set of cycles is split into a bulk sector, for which we obtain the standard rigid special geometry relations, and a set of relative cycles, that come from the non-compactness of the manifold, for which we find cut-off dependent corrections to the usual special geometry relations. The (cut-off independent) prepotential is identified with the (analytically continued) free energy of the holomorphic matrix model in the planar limit. On the way, we clarify various subtleties pertaining to the saddle point approximation of the holomorphic matrix model. A formula for the superpotential of IIB string theory with background fluxes on these local Calabi-Yau manifolds is proposed that is based on pairings similar to the ones of relative cohomology.

D-brane effective action and tachyon condensation in topological minimal models

We study D-brane moduli spaces and tachyon condensation in B-type topological minimal models and their massive deformations. We show that any B-type brane is isomorphic with a direct sum of `minimal' branes, and that its moduli space is stratified according to the type of such decompositions. Using the Landau-Ginzburg formulation, we propose a closed formula for the effective deformation potential, defined as the generating function of tree-level open string amplitudes in the presence of D-branes. This provides a direct link to the categorical description, and can be formulated in terms of holomorphic matrix models. We also check that the critical locus of this potential reproduces the D-branes' moduli space as expected from general considerations. Using these tools, we perform a detailed analysis of a few examples, for which we obtain a complete algebro-geometric description of moduli spaces and strata.

Vacua of N = 1 Supersymmetric QCD from Spin Chains and Matrix Models

We consider the vacuum structure of the finite N=2 theory with N_f=2N fundamental hypermultiplets broken to N=1 by a superpotential for the adjoint chiral multiplet. We do this in two ways: firstly, by compactification to three dimensions, in which case the effective superpotential is the Hamiltonian of an integrable spin chain. In the second approach, we consider the Dijkgraaf-Vafa holomorphic matrix model. We prove that the two approaches agree as long as the couplings of the two theories are related in a particular way involving an infinite series of instanton terms. The case of gauge group SU(2) with N_f=4 is considered in greater detail.

AnN=1 duality cascade from a deformation ofN=4 SUSY Yang-Mills

We study relevant deformations of an N=1 superconformal theory which is an exactly marginal deformation of U(N) N=4 SUSY Yang-Mills. The resulting theory has a classical Higgs branch that is a complex deformation of the orbifold C^3/Z_n x Z_n that is a non-compact Calabi-Yau space with isolated conifold singularities. At these singular points in moduli space the theory exhibits a duality cascade and flows to a confining theory with a mass gap. By exactly solving the corresponding holomorphic matrix model we compute the exact quantum superpotential generated at the end of the duality cascade and calculate precisely how quantum effects deform the classical moduli space by replacing the conifold singularities with three-cycles of finite size. Locally the structure is that of the deformed conifold, but the global geometry is different. This desingularized quantum deformed geometry is the moduli space of probe D3-branes at the end of a duality cascade realized on the worldvolume of (fractional) D3-branes placed at the isolated conifold singularities in the deformation of the orbifold C^3/Z_n x Z_n with discrete torsion.

Holomorphic matrix integrals

We study a class of holomorphic matrix models. The integrals are taken over middle-dimensional cycles in the space of complex square matrices. As the size of the matrices tends to infinity, the distribution of eigenvalues is given by a measure with support on a collection of arcs in the complex planes. We show that the arcs are level sets of the imaginary part of a hyperelliptic integral connecting branch points.

Puzzles for matrix models of chiral field theories

AbstractWe summarize the field‐theory/matrix model correspondence for a chiral 𝒩= 1 model with matter in the adjoint, antisymmetric and conjugate symmetric representations as well as eight fundamentals to cancel the chiral anomaly. The associated holomorphic matrix model is consistent only for two fundamental fields, which requires a modification of the original Dijkgraaf‐Vafa conjecture. The modified correspondence holds in spite of this mismatch.

Holomorphic matrix integrals*1

We study a class of holomorphic matrix models. The integrals are taken over middle-dimensional cycles in the space of complex square matrices. As the size of the matrices tends to infinity, the distribution of eigenvalues is given by a measure with support on a collection of arcs in the complex planes. We show that the arcs are level sets of the imaginary part of a hyperelliptic integral connecting branch points.