A novel adhesively bonded aluminum SHST (Square Hollow Section Tubes) bridge deck was presented. Failure modes and bearing capacity subjected to local loading at different positions and areas were experimentally and numerically investigated. When the load was applied on a singular tube with a 100 mm × 100 mm loading area, the failure modes were adhesive crack extending and top flange fracture. When the load was applied across two tubes with a 100 mm × 100 mm loading area, the failure modes were adhesive crack extending, unloaded tube bouncing, and top flange fracture, successively. When the load was applied across three tubes with a 200 mm × 300 mm loading area, the failure mode was the whole adhesive cracking thoroughly, and the top flange fracture. Finite element models based on CZM (Cohesive Zone Model) were constructed and validated by comparing with the experimental results. The effect of different boundary conditions on local bearing behavior and the stress distribution of the adhesive layers were investigated via FEA models. When the loading position varies along the deck transverse direction from the middle tube to the side tube, the bearing capacity increases first and then decreases. A dimensionless fitting curve about failure load versus loading position was proposed. The design criteria were given based on the obtained experimental results.