Holistic Version Research Articles

Joep Leerssen’s imagology and Yuri Lotman’s semiotic ideas

Having emerged as an independent branch of literary studies, today, imagology is represented by various schools. Its most prominent representative, Joep Leerssen, has developed a holistic version of the imagological theory, which, in many respects, correlates with constructivist approaches to understanding nationalism. The main categories of imagology as interpreted by this school are ethnic stereotype, ethnotype, category of the imaginary, non-falsifiability, imagotypes, imaginary discourse, auto-image, hetero-image, context, common places, imagemes, and the representativeness trap.From the point of view of semiology, ethnic stereotypes, which are studied by imagology, are the signs by means of which their bearer interprets for himself the sphere of interaction between people, in which they act as representatives of certain nations. Thus, the imagosphere can be interpreted as part of the semeosphere, distinguished from it only by problem-thematic rather than by structural-functional features. Accordingly, many of Yuri Lotman’s semiotic ideas can potentially be productive for research in the field of imagology.Imagologists and semiologists analyze the same works of literature and formulate different conclusions largely because they use different types of the scientific discourse in the categories of which they conduct their research. However, in essence, these conclusions are often not so different, at least not mutually exclusive.

From Principles to Practice: Comparative Analysis of European and United States Ethical AI Frameworks for Assessment and Methodological Application

ABSTRACTThe Z‐Inspection® Process is a form of applied research for the ethical assessment of AI systems. It is quickly establishing itself as a robust method to ethically assess AI in Europe. The process is predicated on the European Union's Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy AI, outlining ethical principles intended to guide European AI development. In contrast, the United States has only recently released its holistic version of such guidelines, the Blueprint for an AI Bill of Rights. The aim of this paper is to assess the suitability of the Blueprint for an AI Bill of Rights as an ethical framework underpinning the use of the Z‐Inspection® Process in the United States. This paper provides preliminary findings of comparative analysis of European and United States ethical frameworks for responsible AI development. Findings outline primary ethical concepts that are shared between respective frameworks. Findings suggest the US Blueprint is suitable as an ethical framework for the Z‐Inspection® Process. There are notable omissions within the US framework which would require further development for Z‐Inspection® use. Discussion will consider opportunities for adapting Z‐Inspection® to the United States context, including contributions from the information professions and research.

IMPACT OF ARCHITECTURAL SPACE DESIGN OF OFFICE ON JOB SATISFACTION AND WELL-BEING

Productivity used to be the eventual objective for previously age groups of office employees whose frame of mind around work was to bring the “work only” description for themselves into the office. The whole, individual was not actually careful in space design in the past; instead, the center of attention was on purposeful obligations that supports the work character: assignments, knowledge, and procedure. At present there is an up-and-coming chance to use workplace design to endorse a holistic state of wellbeing and get job satisfaction for people at work. The goal of job satisfaction and well-being for employees, includes all other outcomes. It is not a temporary emotion, like “cheerfulness”- it is a continuing state that can lead to creative, balanced, engaged and physically and mentally healthy employees. The budding cohort workforce famously combine work and personal life, bringing the more holistic version of themselves into the office. The need of belonging and connecting is very essential to these younger, highly mutual workers. As organizations embrace worker engagement, there is increasing understanding that basically looking at productivity is too narrow. We need a wider conceptualization of populace at job.The aim of this study was ascertaining the impact on pattern of wellbeing and job satisfaction of the employees as affected by space type of office, It was contended that the variation in office spaces, of the employee would lay its impact on wellbeing and job satisfaction. One hundred twenty participants age ranged 25-40 years served as participants and they were arranged according to the requirements of t-test design with two types of office space (Cell office and Open plan office). Verma and Verma General Well Being Measure (PGI) was used to assess the wellbeing of participants and Singh and Sharma Job satisfaction scale was used to assess the job satisfaction of participants. Results revealed that the effect of office space was significant. Cell office increased the magnitude of the wellbeing and job satisfaction. Findings are interpreted in the empirical evidence.

Easy Ontology, Regress, and Holism

In this paper, I distinguish between two possible versions of Amie Thomasson’s easy ontology project that differ in virtue of positing atomic or holistic application conditions, and evaluate the strengths of a holistic version over a non-holistic version. In particular, I argue that neither of the recently identified regress or circularity problems are troublesome for the supporter of easy ontology if they adopt a holistic account of application conditions. This is not intended to be a defence of easy ontology from all possible objections, but rather to compare holistic and non-holistic versions of the view. This discussion is also significant in that it serves to highlight two distinct forms of easy ontology, which, I argue, need to be distinguished when assessing the merits of the easy approach in future work.

Review of the hydraulic capacity of urban grate inlet: a global and Latin American perspective

The most recent numerical models of urban drainage allow the integration of runoff from roads with the network of sewer pipes, thus evolving towards a holistic version of the system. A fundamental part of this integration is the capture of stormwater in urban drain inlets. These studies have recently increased, resulting in different methodologies to represent the uptake process and making it difficult to apply unified or general formulations. Therefore, this document intends to be a review of the most representative experimental and numerical studies on the capture of rainwater through grates. In addition, the review includes the proposed methodologies for estimating the flow captured by urban storm drains to define a starting point for new and complementary studies to be carried out by researchers, manufacturers, and operators involved in public drainage service systems. Particularly in Latin America, research on the subject is limited even though it is a highly urbanized region. In this context, this document has an additional interest in presenting a particular analysis of the concept of urban drainage in Latin American cities.

Struktury uzasadniania. Część I. Infinityzm i koherentyzm

This paper is the first part of a series of articles about the structure of justification. I outline the so-called infinite regress problem and focus on three corresponding positions: skepticism (concerning justification), infinitism, and coherentism. Skepticism found its expression in Agrippa’s trilemma. Infinitism has been developed by Peter Klein and Scott Aikin. Coherentism is (primarily) discussed in its holistic version. I present different concepts of coherence and coherent justification, point out the main objections to coherentism and some ways to rebut them. General considerations concerning coherentism are illustrated by solutions included in the theories of Laurence BonJour and Thomas Bartelborth.

Holistic logical arguments in quantum computation

Abstract Quantum computational logics represent a logical abstraction from the circuit-theory in quantum computation. In these logics formulas are supposed to denote pieces of quantum information (qubits, quregisters or mixtures of quregisters), while logical connectives correspond to (quantum logical) gates that transform quantum information in a reversible way. The characteristic holistic features of the quantum theoretic formalism (which play an essential role in entanglement-phenomena) can be used in order to develop a holistic version of the quantum computational semantics. In contrast with the compositional character of most standard semantic approaches, meanings of formulas are here dealt with as global abstract objects that determine the contextual meanings of the formulas’ components (from the whole to the parts). We present a survey of the most significant logical arguments that are valid or that are possibly violated in the framework of this semantics. Some logical features that may appear prima facie strange seem to reflect pretty well informal arguments that are currently used in our rational activity.

Um balanço de parte da teoria dos sistemas intencionais de Dennett

Dennett (1981/1987b) caracteriza sua abordagem do funcionamento dos termos intencionais (aqueles para as assim chamadas atitudes proposicionais) como um "behaviorismo lógico holista", ou versão holista de delineamentos conceituais traçados por Ryle (1949). Este artigo avalia algumas de suas possíveis contribuições e desvantagens para tais delineamentos, e algumas consequências para sua proposta de utilização destes termos em psicologia. Argumenta-se que a abordagem não se mostra mais plausível do que a de seu predecessor, caso a dimensão mentalista que lhe acrescenta seja equivocada, e que de fato este é o caso. Disso resulta que suas contribuições e proposta correlata devem ser entendidas com independência daquilo que tal dimensão implica. Uma alternativa não-mentalista, baseada no modelo selecionista de Skinner, para uma eventual adoção dos termos intencionais em psicologia, é brevemente discutida.

Generalism without foundations

This paper is a defence of a holistic version of the generalist view of moral reasoning based on prima facie principles. In Section 1 I summarise Dancy’s arguments for particularism. Then I argue that particularism goes against strong intuitions regarding reasoning in general (Section 2), fails to account for the asymmetry of reasons (Section 3) and to make sense of compunction and moral imbecility (Section 4). I conclude (Section 5) that a holistic generalism is the right view of moral reasoning. Then I discuss Dancy’s objections to it. I argue that Dancy’s appeal to default reasons is philosophically equivalent to a holistic version of generalism, and hence incompatible with particularism (Section 6) and that his resistance to accept holistic generalism is the result of a foundationalist view of reasoning (Section 7). As an alternative to foundationalism I defend an Aristotelian dialectical view of moral reasoning.

Empirisme, Postmodernisme en Godsdienstwijsbegeerte De postmoderne kritiek op het empiristische denken en de consequenties voor de godsdienstwijsbegeerte*Ik dank Luco van den Brom voor zijn commentaar op een eerdere versie van dit artikel (ter gelegenheid van zijn ‘response paper’ op de lezing die ik voor de Nederlandse Vereniging voor de Godsdienstwijsbegeerte in juni 2000 heb gehouden). Verder dank ik Marcel Sarot,

In section 1 of this article, it is stated that an empiricist frame of reference limits the possibilities of theorising in religion in counterproductive ways. Empiricism has resulted in an ‘obsession with experience’ which philosophers of religion, such as Alston, overlook to the detriment of their own theorising. In section 2, the postmodernist (R. Rorty’s) criticism of empiricism and of realism is discussed. In section 3, an alternative to Rorty is suggested which shares his criticism of empiricism but provides the resources to accommodate stronger realist claims, viz. a coherentist holism (thesis 2). It is argued that such a holistic version of realism can accommodate the strong features of postmodernism, e.g. its criticism of empiricism, while being capable of avoiding its shortcomings, e.g. its antirealism.

Visible difference : Gender as genre in Susan Swans The Wives of Bath

Through its play on the limits of fictional genre which underlines the constructedness of genre categories, The Wives of Bath envisages gender itself as an arbitrary construct. Through a series of inversions, crossings and diverse literary encodings the textual strategies at work in the narrative not only problematize the notion of literary genres, they also point to gender itself as a “fiction”. But The Wives of Bath goes further ; through its playing on the boundaries of representation, and its playing with categories of gender, it ironizes any possible unitary narrative of Canada’s national space. As Barbara Godard has stated, Canada as imaginary construct is the “Discourse of the Other”. The Wives of Bath seems, through its strategies, to bear out this statement ; that Canada breaks through any holistic version of nationhood itself, any containment in a “genre”.

Random error reduction in analytic hierarchies: a comparison of holistic and decompositional decision strategies

AbstractThe principle of ‘divide and conquer’ (DAC) suggests that complex decision problems should be decomposed into smaller, more manageable parts, and that these parts should be logically aggregated to derive an overall value for each alternative. Decompositional procedures have been contrasted with holistic evaluations that require decision makers to simultaneously consider all the relevant attributes of the alternatives under consideration (Fischer, 1977). One area where decompositional procedures have a clear advantage over holistic procedures is in the reduction of random error (Ravinder, 1992; Ravinder and Kleinmuntz, 1991; Kleinmuntz, 1990). Adopting the framework originally developed by Ravinder and colleagues, this paper details the results of a study of the random error variances associated with another popular multi‐criteria decision‐making technique, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP); (Saaty, 1977, 1980), as well as the random error variances of a holistic version of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (Jensen, 1983). In addition, data concerning various psychometric properties (e.g. the convergent validity and temporal stability) and values of AHP inconsistency are reported for both the decompositional and holistic evaluations. The results of the study show that the Ravinder and Kleinmuntz (1991) error‐propagation framework extends to the AHP and decompositional AHP judgments are more consistent than their holistic counterparts. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Holistic total quality management must take account of political processes

This paper outlines a holistic version of total quality management (TQM). It discusses TQM's progress to date in terms of some wider organizational issues, which in practice make holistic forms of TQM difficult to achieve. A need to recognize organizational political realities is stressed as fundamental to TQM's success.