Holding Period Research Articles

Effects of Inflation on the Rate of Returns of Commercial Real Estate Investment in South-South Geopolitical Zone of Nigeria

Commercial real estate investment returns have now taken on a greater significance in the development of the economy of any nation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of inflation on the rate of returns in the south-south geopolitical zone of Nigeria. In order to attain the stated aim, the following objectives were set; to examine the inflationary trend in the study area; to determine the rate of returns of commercial properties in the study area and to establish a relationship between the inflation rate and rate of returns of commercial properties in the study area. The research employed the survey design. The independent variable was the inflation rate while the dependent variable was the rate of returns. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were employed in the analysis of the data, with the help of the SPSS and Microsoft Excel software. Primary data for this research was obtained from Estate Surveyors and Valuers in the study area through questionnaire survey. The data comprising rental and capital values of commercial real estate was subsequently translated to returns using the Holding Period Returns formula. Similarly, secondary data about inflation rates for the period between 2014 and 2023 were collected from the Central Bank of Nigeria. The research adopted the stratified random sampling technique to divide the South-South geopolitical zone of Nigeria into six (6) strata: each stratum representing each state and the data used for the research were analysed using simple linear regression model. The research found out that there was a persistent year-to-year rise in the rate of inflation. The research also found out that the highest return rate was observed in Bayelsa in 2014 when the rate of inflation was the lowest at 8.05%. On the other hand, in 2022, the lowest return was recorded in Edo State as 10.20 when the inflation rate rose to 18.85%. The study also presented the result of a simple linear regression analysis conducted between the actual inflation rates and the rate of returns of each of the six states. The study concluded that there was a statistically significant relationship between inflation rate and rate of return of commercial properties in each of the six states constituting the south-south geopolitical zones of Nigeria. The investment information provided in this study has significant implications for both local and foreign investors desiring to invest in the Nigerian commercial real estate market.

Influence of Bid-Ask Spread, Market Value, Variance Return, and Stock Trading Volume on the Stock Holding Period on the SRI-KEHATI Index listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2018-2022

The increasing awareness of society to play a role in preserving the environment has encouraged more and more investors to choose environmentally friendly stocks. One of the environmentally friendly stock indexes in Indonesia is the SRI-KEHATI Index. This research aims to determine the factors that influence the holding period of SRI-KEHATI Index stocks. Thus, this research examines the influence of bid-ask spread, market value, return variance, and stock trading volume on the stock holding period. The research focuses on the SRI-KEHATI Index listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2018-2022. The research uses quantitative methods with descriptive and associative approaches. The population in this study was 41 companies. Sampling used a purposive sampling technique with a total sample of 13 companies so 65 observation data were obtained. The data analysis technique uses panel data regression analysis. Partial test results show that the bid-ask spread and return variance do not affect the stock holding period. Market value and stock trading volume positively affect the stock holding period. Simultaneous testing shows that bid-ask-spread, market value, return variance, and stock trading volume impact the stock holding period.

Bid-Ask Spread, Market Value, and Return Risk on Stock Holding Period in the Banking Sector Listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (BEI) from 2018 to 2022

This research is of high relevance as it provides new insights in the context of shareholding duration in the banking sector on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) over the period 2018-2022. Factors such as bid-ask spread, market value, and return risk have been analyzed to understand their influence on the stock holding period. The implications of the research findings can be used by practitioners, regulators, and academics in finance to develop more effective investment policies and risk management strategies. The results showed that simultaneously, bid-ask spread, market value, and return risk affect the holding period of banking stocks on the IDX during the period February 2018-January 2022. Partially, bid-ask spread and market value have a positive but insignificant effect on the holding period. Conversely, return risk has a negative and significant effect on the holding period of banking stocks. These findings contribute to the development of financial theory and industry practice, paving the way for further research. Therefore, this study has important value in the context of investment decision-making, risk management, and understanding investor behavior in the banking sector.

Comment on the Calculation of the Holding Period of House and Land Transactions Income Tax from the Principle of Taxation Law

Comment on the Calculation of the Holding Period of House and Land Transactions Income Tax from the Principle of Taxation Law

PENGARUH BID-ASK SPREAD, MARKET VALUE, KEBIJAKAN DIVIDEN, DAN VOLUME PERDAGANGAN TERHADAP HOLDING PERIOD

The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze the effect of Bid-Ask Spread, Market Value, Dividend Policy, and Trading Volume on the Holding Period of Tourism Recreation Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2017-2021 period. Sample selection using quota sampling technique and samples that meet the criteria of 29 companies. Data collection techniques were carried out using non-participant observation methods. The research method used is descriptive verifiative. The hypothesis was tested using panel data regression analysis technique with E-Views per 9.0. The model selection test in research is a fixed effect model. The results of the study are known that bid-ask spread has a significant positive effect on the holding period, market value has a significant positive effect on the holding period, Dividend policy with dividend payout ratio indicator has a significant positive effect on the holding period, and trading volume has a significant negative effect on the holding periodKeywords : Holding Period, Bid-Ask Spread, Market Value, Dividend Policy, Trading Volume

Fabrication and characterization of PEKK nanocomposites: An in vitro study

Although the number of implants has increased gradually and consistently over the years to around one million per year globally, there is still far more potential for advancement in the field of dental implantology which is typically growing quickly. This study investigates the effect of nanofiller reinforcement high-performance polymer matrix to enhance mechanical and physical characteristics. Calcium silicate (CS)/Polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) biomedical composite (G0 as a control group) is reinforced with different weight percentages (G1-G4) of tellurium dioxide nanoparticles (TeO2 NPs) ( n = 5). This research uses ethanol as a binder for mixing various weight percentages (wt%) of TeO2 NPs with CS/PEKK biomedical composite. The combination is then dried at 120°C in a forced convection oven before being put into special molds and compressed for 20 min Holding period at 310°C and 15 MPa. The composites were prepared via the compression molding technique. Morphological, mechanical, and physical characteristics were studied. The findings of this study suggested improvement in the interfacial interaction between TeO2 NPs (G1 and G2) and CS/PEKK bioactive composite resulting in better mechanical and physical properties, especially at 1 w% of TeO2 NPs (G2).

THE EFFECT OF WORKING CAPITAL EFFICIENCY ON EARNING MANAGEMENT IN JORDANIAN INDUSTRIAL COMPANIES LISTED ON THE AMMAN STOCK EXCHANGE

This study aimed to find out the effect of working capital efficiency on earning management in Jordan. The study relied on the descriptive analytical approach. Where the study population consists of all Jordanian industrial companies listed on the Amman Stock Exchange for the period 2013-2022, which are 33 listed companies, and the collected data were analyzed through the STATA program. The results indicate that there is a significant effect between the working capital efficiency (Average Receivable Collection Period, Average Payable Period, Average Inventory Holding Period, Average Cash Cycle Period, Net Trading Cycle) on the earnings management of industrial companies listed on the Amman stock exchange. The findings of the study contribute to the literature on working capital management and earnings management and have important implications for the financial performance of firms in Jordan. Overall, working capital management is a crucial aspect of financial management for manufacturing firms in Jordan. Effective working capital management can help firms maintain their operations, manage their cash flow, and improve their financial performance, while also contributing to the development of the manufacturing sector and the economy as a whole.

Market Value dan Risiko Saham terhadap Holding Period dalam Perspektif Investasi

This study aims to determine the effect of Market Value and Stock Risk on Holding Period in The Perspective of Investing in Cigarette Companies listed on The Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The analttical method used in this study is multiple linear regression analysis, classical assumption test, coefficient of determination and hypothesis testing using statistical t test with SPSS version 26.0. The observation period carried out is 2019-2021. The result of this study prove that Market Value has a positive and significant effect on Holding Period and Stock Risk has a negative and insignificant effect on Holding Period in Cigarette Companies listed on IDX with an observation period of 2019-2021.

Corporate Factors Influencing Holding Period of Stock: An Analysis of Market Capitalization Threshold

Objective – This study examines the effect of corporate factors on holding period of common stock. The main corporate factors tested are information asymmetry, firm value, earnings per share, and other corporate factors– profitability, company size, leverage, and liquidity–are selected as control variables.Design/methodology – The samples consist of 876 observations of companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for 2017-2020. Samples were grouped using the threshold method based on their market capitalization to capture the different impacts based on certain conditions. To examine the hypotheses, we employed multivariate analysis with the threshold method.Results – The results show that market capitalization contributes to determining the corporate factors' effect on the holding period of stock. Simultaneously, corporate factors affect significantly the holding period of stock. The increases in firm value, earnings per share, profitability, leverage, and corporate size extend the holding period. However, the emergence of information asymmetry precisely motivates investors to accelerate the holding period.Research limitations/implications – This research did not consider the impact of the Covid 19 pandemic on data even it used data for 2020 (at the onset of pandemic). For future reseach, we suggest to consider the issue of the Covid 19 pandemic in examining the effect of corporate factors on holding period of stock.Novelty/Originality – This study differentiates the samples based on their capitalization value as the novelty. Previous research did not classify the sample based on its capitalization value so large-value stocks are treated the same as small-value stocks. Actually, investors treat these three groups of stocks in different ways

The Effect of Bid-Ask Spread, Market Value, Risk of Return, Dividend Payout Ratio, Return on Asset and Company Age on Holding Period in Indonesia

This study aims to determine the effect of the bid-ask spread, market value, risk of return, dividend payout ratio, return on assets, and firm age on the holding period of the LQ45 stock index. The objects of this research are companies listed on LQ45 on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2019-2021 period. The data analysis technique in this study was quantitative analysis expressed in numbers and calculations using statistical methods with the help of E-Views 10 software. This study used a sample of 36 companies taken by the purposive sampling method. The data analysis used is the classical assumption test, multiple linear regression analysis, and hypothesis testing. The results showed that market value and return on assets had a significant positive effect and risk of return had a significant negative effect on the holding period, while the bid-ask spread, dividend payout ratio, and company age had no effect on the holding period. Based on the Adjusted R2 value, there is still 51.26 percent of the holding period variable which is influenced by other variables outside the independent variables of this study.

Optimal Holding Period of an Investment Property Under Different Systems of Income Taxation – An Individual Investor’s Perspective

Abstract Taxes, particularly income tax, may affect how long investors decide to hold on to an investment property. There exists a research gap regarding the implications of a distributed profit-based taxation system for the holding period of an investment asset. As a distributed profit-based taxation system allows investors to postpone income tax liability, it creates an advantage for investors operating under such a system compared to investors operating under other systems of income taxation. In this paper we model optimal holding periods under different systems of income taxation using a specific type of discounted cash flow model. We show that, theoretically, under the distributed profit taxation system, an optimal holding period for an investment property for an individual investor is the longest (ceteris paribus). This is in concordance with the circumstance that the after-tax value of the property for the investor is highest under the distributed profit taxation system. The results suggest that investment and property development projects under distributed profit taxation are not to be treated in the same way as projects under other tax systems with respect to time. Limitations of the study are related to the deterministic setting of the model as well as some restrictive assumptions.

BEHAVIOR HOLDING PERIOD DETERMINATION WITH MODERATING YIELD TO MATURITY IN INDONESIA AND MALAYSIA MANUFACTURING OPEN COMPANIES

Study this aim for test Influence Bid Ask Spread, Market value, and Variance Return, Dividend payout ratio to Holding Period with Yield to Maturity as moderating variable. Type of data used that is secondary data in the form of report finance companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange and the Malaysia Stock Exchange. Data analysis techniques used is Moderating Regression Analysis (MRA). Population in research this is whole company manufacturers listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange and the Malaysia Stock Exchange with population used _ totaling 488 companies with technique purposive sampling method. Variable independent study this is Bid Ask Spread, Market Value, Variance Return, and Dividend Payout Ratio. Variable dependent Mark company be measured with Holding Period. Whereas Yield to Maturity is variable moderation. Research results show Bid Ask Spread, Market Value, Return Variance, Dividend Payout Ratio by simultaneous take effect positive significant to Holding Period. Whereas by Partial Bid Ask Spread, Variance Return and Dividend Payout Ratio take effect positive and significant to Holding Period. Market Value take effect positive However no significant to Holding Period. Then addition Yield to Maturity as moderating variable between variable independent to variable dependent results obtained _ is Bid Ask Spread is positive and significant to Holding Period through Yield to Maturity. Variance Return take effect positive no significant to Holding Period through Yield to Maturity. Whereas Market Value and Dividend Payout Ratio take effect negative no significant to Holding Period through Yield to Maturity.

Effect of holding periods at normalization temperature on formation of various phases, precipitates, hardness of reduced activation and ferritic-martensitic steels

Heat treatment is an operation or combination of operations involving heating at a specific rate, soaking at a temperature for a period of time and cooling at some specified rate. The aim is to obtain a desired microstructure to achieve certain predetermined properties (physical, mechanical, magnetic or electrical). In the present work, the effect of holding periods on precipitates and microstructure at Normalization temperature of Reduced Activation and Ferritic Martensitic steel is to carry out. Heat treatment was carried out with different normalization holding periods i.e. 10, 20 and 30 min followed by air cooling and water quenching to know the effect of Holding period on formation of various phases, changes in grain sizes, hardness values and formation of precipitates i.e. M23C6 and MX precipitates. Optical and Scanning Electron Microscopy characterization studies are performed to the steel to confirm quantity of Ferrite, martensite phases present and also to evaluate the quantity of various precipitates exist in steel during different stages of heat treatment studies respectively.

Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Holding Period Saham pada Indeks Kompas 100 Tahun 2015-2018

This study aims to determine the effect of Bid-Ask Spread, Market Value, Earning Per Share, and Return On Assets Against Stock Holding Period (Study on K ompas 100 Index Shares Listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2015-2018). The approach of the research method used is quantitative with descriptive and associative methods. The population in this study were 114 companies with a sample of 53 companies in order to obtain 212 observational data. The data analysis technique used is panel data regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that partially the bid-ask spread and market value have a positive effect on the holding period of shares, while the earnings per share and return on assets do not affect the holding period of shares. Simultaneously bid-ask spreads, market value, earnings per share, and return on assets affect the holding period of shares.

The Impact of ESG Risk Score on Holding Period Return

Given the background of COVID-19, this paper studies the impact of the ESG Risk score, Environment Risk Score, Social Risk Score and Governance Risk Score on the Hold Period Return (HPR) of S&P 500 Stocks in 2020. The linear regression model is adopted to conduct the research in the SAS 4.6. Other than ESG factor, I also included other 14 independent variables that selected from nine categories derived by Yahoo Finance, which are Valuation Measures, Profitability, Management Effectiveness, Income Statement, Balance Sheet, Cash Flow Statement, Stock Price History, Share Statistics and Dividends & Splits. The model shows ESG Risk score factor does not have an impact on the HPR at 5 percent significant level of the S&P 500 stocks. And this finding also applies to 11 different sectors. However, I found that HPR in some sectors are sensitive to a certain risk factor among Environment Risk, Social Risk and Governance Risk.

Effect of Cash Conversion Cycle and Inventory Holding Period on the Profitability of Small and Medium Enterprises in Wote, Makueni County

Effect of Cash Conversion Cycle and Inventory Holding Period on the Profitability of Small and Medium Enterprises in Wote, Makueni County

The Effect of Variance Return, Market Value, and Dividend Payout Ratio on Holding Period of Shares (Case Study at the Companies included in LQ-45 Index Year 2012-2018)

The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of variance return, market value, and Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR) on holding period of shares of the companies listed in LQ-45 Index period 2012-2018. The population of the study were the companies listed in LQ-45 Index period 2012-2018. The sampling technique used in the study was purposive sampling. Using the technique, 26 companies were obtained. The analysis method used was panel data regression analysis. The result of study showed that variance return, market value, and Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR) simultaneously had significant effect on holding period of shares. Partially, variance return had significant negative effect on holding period of shares. Market value and Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR) had positive and significant effect on holding period of shares. Based on the result of study, investors who would like invest could pay attention to the risks they would have. If investors intended to maintain their shares in long term, they would need to invest in companies that had low risks. The risks were reflected by the value of variance return. In addition, if investors intend to maintain their shares for a long term, they will need to make investment in a company that has a bigger size. The company size is reflected from the value of market value. Then, if investors intend to maintain their shares for a long term, they will need to make investment in a company that give a large dividend. So, investors will get more profits from the companies.
 
 Keywords—variance return; market value; Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR); holding period

IPO 시장에서 주간사와 기관투자자간의 관계에 대한 연구 : 보유기간과 보유기간 수익률을 중심으로

IPO 시장에서 주간사와 기관투자자간의 관계에 대한 연구 : 보유기간과 보유기간 수익률을 중심으로

D-vitamin status of cattle depending on the conditions of detention and physiological state

The article contains data on the content of the active metabolite of vitamin D3 – 25-OHD3, the concentration of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and the activity of alkaline phosphatase in the blood of lactating cows in different periods of keeping. The experiment was performed by the method of periods on the cows-analogues for the 4th month of lactation. Cows are divided into three groups of five heads, each depending on the sampling period: winter stall (January), summer pasture (July) and autumn stall (October) for one year. The blood for tests was collected from the jugular vein before morning feeding in winter-stall, summer-pasture, and autumn-stall hold periods. The composition and nutrition of the diets of cows were also analyzed. Changes in the content of 25-OHD3 in the blood of cows were determined depending on the season and conditions of keeping. The lowest level of 25-OHD3 was in the winter-stall holding period and was 22.38 ± 3.58 nmol/l and the highest was in the summer pasture. In the autumn-stall period, the level of 25-OНD3 decreased relative to the summer pasture, but was higher than in the winter-stall (P < 0.05). The total calcium content of the serum of cows was highest in the summer pasture and winter-stallion periods and was, respectively, 2.96 and 2.90 mmol/l. In the autumn-stalling period, the total calcium content decreased and was significantly lower compared to the summer pasture period (P < 0.05). Changes in the total calcium content of cows' blood during different retention periods were due to changes in its fractions. The activity of total alkaline phosphatase and its bone isoenzyme in the blood of cows at 4 months of lactation varied in contrast to the content of 25-OНD3.

거래관계가 보유기간 동안의 초과수익률을 고려한 최초공모주 배정에 미치는 영향

거래관계가 보유기간 동안의 초과수익률을 고려한 최초공모주 배정에 미치는 영향