Holder Farmers Research Articles

A new bi-level TOPSIS based neutrosophic programming technique for land allocation to medium farm holders

Agriculture impacts a country's social and economic growth. Crop allocation, crop combinations, and crop production processes are all necessary to achieve optimal results during various growing seasons. To maximize farm earnings, proper farm planning and resource allocations are necessary. In agriculture, land allocation problems involve several uncertainties and unpredictable variables, includes water supply, labour demands, fertility use, and food requirements. The objective of this study is to propose novel bi-level programming approaches to overcome such issues and obtain optimal land allocation for medium-sized farmers. The current study examines a bi-level, TOPSIS-based neutrosophic programming approaches in two cases, including non-interactive and interactive approaches with linear, exponential, and hyperbolic membership functions to maximize net profit and minimize the expenditure. The proposed methods are compared to other approaches, such as the Torabi & Hassini approach, the Fuzzy Optimization Technique (FOT), and the Intuitionistic Fuzzy Optimization Technique (IFOT) and are found to be more effective than the existing ones.

Ecological shock and time poverty: Evidence from northern Ghana

Despite the importance of time poverty in economic decision-making and impact on welfare outcomes, empirical studies linking ecological shocks and time poverty is limited. This paper documents the relationship between an ecological shock and time poverty in northern Ghana using data from the seventh round of the Ghana Living Standards Survey (GLSS). We employ the standard instrumental variable (IV) method and conduct several robustness checks to ensure a robust estimate of ecological shock on time poverty. The results show that ecological shocks increases time poverty by 15 percentage points. The decomposition analysis of time poverty indicates that ecological shock is postively associated with time poverty based on paid work with no significant effect on time poverty based on unpaid work. Our results further show that the effect of ecological shocks on time poverty is a rural phenomenon. In addition, we note that the effect of ecological shock on time poverty is more prominent among the youth, large farm holders, and high-income earning household heads. The main implication of the findings is that development interventions that enhance access and adoption of gender-sensitive labour-saving technologies must be scaled up to reduce farm committed time, increase crop productivity and reduce the potential intergenerational transfer of time poverty. Provision of social protection measures such as the support through the Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty to poor farm households would reduce the burden of ecological shocks on their wellbeing.

Assessing the Impact of Better Cotton Production Initiatives Taken by Small Farmers in District Tando Allahyar, Sindh, Pakistan within the Context of the Circular Economy

Cotton is an important source of income for small farm holders in India and Pakistan. Production of cotton in Pakistan is lesser than potential due to different socio-economic factors, effective decision-making, lack of proper marketing, high insect/pests attack and less use of fertilizer (Abbas, et al 2017). Present study was carried out to study the impact of Better Cotton (BT) production initiatives taken by small farmers in district Tando Allahyar Sindh Pakistan. Results show that the Farmer Field School (FFS) training in cotton is very beneficial for farmers by creating awareness regarding the proper use of pesticides, fertilizers there by increasing cotton yield and reducing farmer’s exposure to use poisonous pesticides which in turn decrease, human and animal health hazards. Results revealed that average revenue per acre was Rs.93800 while the average cost of production was 38635.81 per acre. Average net income per acre stood at Rs.55165.19 for small farmers who adopted better cotton production initiatives in district Tando Allahyar. Government should arrange such training programs at the national level, take actions against distribution and usage of banned and un-registered pesticides and incorporate the same at policy level.

The impact of land expropriation on changing livelihoods: The case of displaced peri-urban farmers in Kon and Gashena towns, Ethiopia

The research examines how urban growth and land expropriation have affected farming communities in the towns of Gashena and Kon over the past twenty years. The study used a case study approach, utilizing methods such as open-ended interview checklists, structured questionnaires, and focus group discussions. It reveals a significant reduction in available farmland due to horizontal urban growth, leading to the displacement of numerous farm holdings and disruption of agricultural practices. By analyzing municipal data and employing simple regression modeling, the research anticipates further expansion, underscoring persistent urban growth trends. Economic displacement emerges as a pressing issue, as farmers grapple with finding alternative sources of income, exacerbating food insecurity within affected communities. Moreover, the study unveils diverse impacts on displaced farm holdings, including shifts away from agriculture in livelihoods and substantial income losses. The loss of land assets poses a threat to agricultural productivity and community sustainability. Despite assurances from municipal authorities, the lack of support, guidance, and training contributes to community dissatisfaction. The research underscores the interconnectedness of land, food, culture, and identity, emphasizing the necessity for comprehensive strategies to address the multifaceted impacts of land expropriation. Recommendations include policy interventions, support for transitioning farmers, promotion of sustainable land use practices, and fulfillment of promises regarding support and infrastructure development. Providing training and guidance services for displaced individuals is also crucial for addressing the challenges of land expropriation effectively.

An Approach to Assessing Farm-Scale Adaptation to Climate Change: The Case Study of Prespa Park

Developing appropriate adaptation practices and coping mechanisms for climate change and evaluating the variables affecting households’ choices are critical for ensuring sustainable agricultural production. In addressing the above issues, this paper presents the results of a multi-method approach at the farm level conducted in the case study of Prespa Park. The data collected by a participatory process were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the 5-point Likert scale, the Delphi method, and a multinomial logit model. The typology of coping and adaptation practices to climate change preferred by households and the reasons for those who failed to adapt are presented. Results revealed that improving technologies for increasing soil health was the most preferred adaptation practice, followed by planting early maturing and drought-tolerant food crop varieties, practicing water-saving irrigation methods or technologies, planting agroforestry systems, and finally perennial agriculture. In terms of coping mechanisms, engaging in off-farm activities was the most used, followed by collecting fuel wood for sale, selling assets like livestock, increasing water storage capacity, and changing farming structure. Small farm holdings, financial constraints, limited off-farm employment opportunities, inadequate infrastructure and technology, and a lack of information about adaptation practices were identified as the main barriers to undertaking adaptation. Performing the multinomial logit analysis, the variables that positively and significantly improve households' ability to adapt to climate change were identified and evaluated. The results of this study should help policymakers and climate change planners come up with better practices for the agricultural sector to adapt to the effects of climate change.

Cooperative Efficiency and Its Effect On Livelihood Diversification Among Poultry Farm Holders: Empirical Study from South West Nigeria

Cooperative Efficiency and Its Effect On Livelihood Diversification Among Poultry Farm Holders: Empirical Study from South West Nigeria

A review of grass species yields and growth rates in Northland, New Zealand

ABSTRACT Pastoral farming is a major land use in New Zealand's Northland region, with 3,171 farm holdings and a total area of 637,500 hectares in 2022. The region's pasture grasses include temperate (C3) and subtropical and tropical (C4) grasses which support dairy, and sheep and beef production from grazing. In lowland areas, C3 and some annual C4 grasses are prevalent where cultivation occurs, while perennial C4 grasses dominate areas with low soil fertility and summer dry conditions. Grass-based pasture growth rates (kg dry matter/ha/day) from published and unpublished sources were assembled into the AgYields database. Among the resident and sown grasses tested in Kaitaia, Kaikohe, Whangarei and Dargaville, perennial ryegrass represented ∼60% of the total data points. Dominant kikuyu pastures represented 23% and the remaining species represented 17%. Rates of growth ranged from 5 to 120 kg DM/ha/day, being lowest in late autumn-winter and highest in early summer. Data were compared and agronomic traits (i.e. drought tolerance, biomass production and tillering) are discussed to assess species suitability for the Northland environment. The medium-term prospect suggests an urgent need to improve research into management of cocksfoot and tall fescue-based pastures to provide viable alternatives to overcome the decreasing persistence of perennial ryegrass.

Delineation of Soil Fertility Status and KVK Intervention to Improve the Productivity of Pepper in TSP Villages of Namakkal District under Soil Health Card Mission

Soil is the most important resource needed for agriculture production. The unbalanced fertilizer application associated with more production by high yield varieties affects the soil quality vulnerably. Soils of tribal areas, having multi nutrient deficiencies due to intense cropping especially spices Pepper, coffee, cardamom and banana. Balanced application of plant nutrients is thus the only option to increase soil productivity for maintaining/enhancing the overall soil productivity. Delineation of soil nutrient status is an important practice to plan the nutrient scheduling for pepper crop. Hence 100 soil samples were collected from five adopted villages and tested its properties. Based on the analytical results, soil health cards issued along with fertilizer recommendation. Then 50 farmers were selected, trained all scientific package of practices through trainings. The field experiment was conducted in 50 farmer’s field in an area of 20 ha. Pepper variety Panniyur 1 was the test crop. Application of soil test based integrated nutrient management practice increased the yield attributes and yield of pepper. An average of Rs. 74,220/ha net profit could be obtained by adopting all scientific package of practices in the farm holdings.

Agricultural Information Utilization Pattern Among Rural Women Farmers: A Community Level Study in Ebonyi State, Nigeria

This study was to investigate the pattern of agricultural information utilization among the rural women farmers in Effium community of Ebony State. Three research questions and null hypothesis were developed to guide the study. A structured questionnaire was also developed, validated and used for eliciting information from 540 rural women farmers. Data were analyzed with mean and standard deviation to answer the research questions; and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test the hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance. From the findings, rural women farmers are mostly within middle age for active use of agricultural information; but have small farm holdings, and depend to great extent on inter-personal communication for agricultural information. The findings also revealed that most of rural women farmers have low education. The respondents agreed that women farmers use information on fertilizer, herbicides, improved seeds, labour sources and market locations. But, women rarely use information on livestock management, record keeping, farm planning, sources of credit and farm mechanization. It was then-recommended that government should deploy extension agents into rural areas to educate farmers on the need and how to use new agricultural information technologies. Again farmers should be encouraged to form co-operative societies to enable them secure greater inputs to improve their income.

Measuring The Causality on Cooperatives, Livelihood Diversification and Determinants among Poultry Farm Holders: A Case Study of South West Nigeria

Cooperative membership and livelihood diversification have been observed to influence households’ economic situations, while little is known about their interplays as a matter of mutual exclusivity when they both occur. This study was hence conducted to investigate the level of cooperative performance and how cooperative membership influences livelihood diversification alongside some other imperative hypothesized determinant factors, using primary data collected from 210 poultry farm holders in a multistage sampling process and analyzed with econometric, parametric, and nonparametric analytical estimators at 95 % confidence interval. Results showed that the majority of the cooperator respondents are satisfied with access to loans (72.38%), Loan repayment (67.62%), transportation (68.10%), marketing (67.14%), training (69.5%), patronage (70%), and Political interference (69.05%) while a relatively large proportion of the respondents (59.04%) are diversified, while a majority (89.52%) of this diversified category secondarily diversifies into non-farming activities. Also, the proportion of cooperator-diversified poultry farming households (59.41) narrowly exceeded the non-cooperator category (58.72); hence, further econometric analyses conducted showed that gender of household head, level of formal education, primary occupation, primary labour source, and cooperative membership negatively influenced livelihood diversification, but otherwise for multidimensional poverty, all significant at P?0.1, P?0.5%, P?0.01%, P?0.01%, P?0.01%, and P?0.1% probability levels accordingly. Econometric analyses of empirical data revealed that multidimensional well-being significantly increased livelihood diversification, which is offset by an increased level of formal education, cooperative membership, male-headed households, and dependence on family labour; hence, effective cooperative management be further upheld so as to maintain and or further improve the current cooperative performance level in order to cushion credit access constraints confronting agricultural activities. Furthermore, cooperative membership was found to negatively correlate with multidimensional poverty; hence, cooperative membership should be encouraged owing to the way it influences livelihood diversification to improve multidimensional welfare rating. Also, well-trained labour should be employed in order to increase managerial efficiency.

Values and representations in land registers and their legal, technical, social effects on land rights as an administrative artefact

Improvements in land administration tend to focus on initiating or completing titling efforts. Yet, finding and monitoring inequality and intransparency of land ownership and of land tenure is equally problematic. The central question is how land registration epitomizes and monitors the distribution of land rights, and if the administrative choices reinforce or hinder the insights into these aspects. The article reasons from a theoretical basis that land rights are socio-technical products of administrative procedures with inscribed concepts and visions of (desirable) farm structures. The analysis relies on an analysis of five specific cases of techno-administrative structures: land registration in combination with cadastres and trade registers; the administrative system of compensation after German unification; the management system controlling land transfers; the system of collecting agrarian statistics; the system of land market statistics. All represent sociotechnical constructs related to current authentic and public information repositories related to land, land rights and statistical data about land. All systems exhibit a very narrow thematic focus and extreme rigidity of system design and design choices. The construction and use of the systems depend on two historically persistent assumptions and narratives: land prices will always increase, and land is held by individual small farm holders. Both these visions and the systematic land information infrastructures conceal certain objects and dynamics, such as existing complex land ownership constellations and land use practices. Secondly, the data collection choices do not align with what land related policies require. Agricultural statistics are example following individual land ownership structures and ignoring private agglomerate ownership structures and dependencies. Consequently, the design of techno-administrative structures related to land lead to insufficient insights of land distribution and equality of land rights. The conclusion is therefore that the land related knowledge and information infrastructures need to be much more aligned with policy interventions and problem-oriented policy making. Currently they act as information silos and rely on outdated visions and assumptions. This requires however new models of land information organisation and governance.

Assessing the Stability of Poverty Alleviation from a Household Economic Perspectives

From the perspective of household economy, the application of a multiscale spatial econometric model to realize the objective evaluation of county-level poverty alleviation stability is a core issue in rural economics research. The improvement of economic income and livelihood conditions for small farm holders are significant manifestations of poverty alleviation stability. Quantitative evaluation of the county-level poverty alleviation stability can provide a scientific basis for the adjustment of rural economic policy and high-quality development of regional economy by the multiscale spatial econometric model. This study realizes the quantitative evaluation of county-level poverty alleviation stability by constructing the evaluation index system, taking five counties in China’s Yunnan Province as an example, using the exact 2242 survey datasets, and adopting the multiscale spatial econometric model. The main idea of the model is to obtain the score of poverty alleviation stability by weighted summing of dimensions on the basis of weight calculation of each evaluation index. Results revealed the following: (1) County-level poverty alleviation stability includes the stability of regional poverty alleviation and the stability of farmers’ poverty alleviation, which is mainly affected by the combined effect of five factors, including economic and ability status, cognitive level, supporting facilities, and social governance. (2) Based on the multiscale spatial econometric model, the overall poverty alleviation stability in the five counties is relatively low, with Zhaoyang District showing the highest stability, followed by Yiliang, Yuanyang, Honghe, and Gongshan. (3) Farmers’ poverty alleviation stability in all counties, except Zhaoyang, is higher than that in the region. County-level gross domestic product and fiscal revenue are the dominant factors affecting the stability of poverty alleviation in the region, while the dominant factors affecting the farmers’ poverty alleviation stability are the level of per capita net income and labor force proportion in the household population. (4) To enhance poverty alleviation stability, this study suggested enhancing the level of economic development in counties and strengthening the collective economy of the village, innovating the form of economic development of the village, taking the enhancement of the development capacity of counties, relying on resource advantages to actively develop special industries, and improving the stability and sustainability of income generation for farmers. Meanwhile, we propose to further improve the conditions of regional infrastructure and enhance the capacity of public services. The findings can help enrich the theoretical research system of rural economics, expand the scope of research on small-holder farming systems, and provide a reference for diversification of small farm holders economy, the improvement of agricultural farming technology, and the high-quality development of regional economy in China.

Economic, environmental, and social sustainability of Alternate Wetting and Drying irrigation for rice in northern Italy

Italy is Europe's leading rice producer, with over half of total production almost totally concentrated in the north-western part of the Padana plain. In this area, rice irrigation has traditionally been carried out by wet seeding and continuous flooding. The replacement of this technique with the dry seeding and delayed flooding in the last 15 years brought economic benefits to farmers but also strong impacts to the water resource system of the area, characterized by a strong interaction between irrigation and shallow aquifer levels. Wet seeding and Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) could be seen as an alternative irrigation strategy; however, its environmental, economic and social sustainability must be investigated before supporting the dissemination of this “water-saving” irrigation technique over the territory in cooperation with decision-makers and water resource managers. In this paper, the results of an experimental activity carried out in a platform established in the main Italian rice district to compare three irrigation strategies (wet seeding and traditional flooding—WFL, dry seeding and delayed flooding from around the 3-leaf stage—DFL, wet seeding and alternated wetting and drying from the tillering stage—AWD) and data further provided by the farm holder (agronomic inputs and economic costs for the three options) were used to assess their economic and environmental sustainability through an assessment procedure based on quantitative indicators. Interviews with rice growers in the area were used to identify barriers to the adoption of AWD and subsequently propose ways to overcome them. AWD proved to be economically viable and to reduce the irrigation need in the peak month (June) without significantly affecting rice yield or quality (cadmium and arsenic content in rice grain). Additionally, it guarantees the recharging of the phreatic aquifer in the first period of the irrigation season, while reducing the methane (CH4) emissions, facing another significant environmental challenge of rice cultivation. Rice growers in the region stated their willingness to adopt AWD, although they would need technical, technological and financial support. The assessment procedure adopted in this paper proved to be effective for comparing rice irrigation techniques and is available for further studies.

በኢትዮጵያ የሩዝ ሜካናይዜሽን: አዝማሚያዎች እና ተስፋዎች

The domestic rice industry of Ethiopia is constrained by low productivity, poor quality, and old processing machines. The rice production system is done by hand or with rudimentary tools, and only 2% of households have access to tractors. It takes 175 labor days to weed and 66% of the total farm operations. Rice harvesting and threshing are done manually using a serrated sickle and animal trembling respectively. Farmers are responsible for most of the pre-milling operations and store paddy for household consumption in local stores. Challenges include fragmented farm holdings, poor marketing channels, and a lack of awareness of post-harvest utilization. The prospects for rice mechanization development include improving the rice mechanization research system, training local entrepreneurs, providing repair and maintenance services, promoting custom hiring centers, local manufacturing of farm implements, organizing agricultural cooperatives, landholding, and land ownership structures, assessing foreign experience, linking importers and service providers, and encouraging investments in the rural infrastructure.

Post-cyclonic migration in coastal areas: An assessment of who, where, why migrates, and barriers to migration

As cyclones increase in frequency and severity, more people experience their adverse impacts. However, little is known about post-cyclonic migration patterns in coastal southern Bangladesh, a cyclone-prone area. This paper compares post-cyclonic migration patterns with non-cyclonic migration in terms of who migrates, where they migrate to, why they migrate, and the barriers to migration. 472 households across 16 blocks (moujas) were selected by stratified sampling. A survey collected individual and household-level information regarding demographics, socioeconomy, and migration patterns in non-cyclonic and post-cyclonic situations. The analysis demonstrated that, in non-cyclonic situations, secure employment represented the migrants’ main livelihood while, following a cyclone, non-secure professions such as day-labouring were the most prevalent. The post-cyclonic migrants were, overall, less educated and less wealthy landless and marginal farm holders compared to those who migrated in the non-cyclonic period. Most people migrated to nearby districts following a cyclone, whereas long-distance migrations were found in non-cyclonic periods. We thus argue that, in a non-cyclonic period, people migrate for employment and are in a stronger position, socioeconomically, than post-cyclonic migrants, while, in a post-cyclonic period, it is mainly socioeconomically distressed people with non-secured day-labouring jobs who migrate a short distance area.

Status of Mechanization in Kadapa District of Andhra Pradesh

Indian Agriculture is undergoing a gradual shift from dependence on human power and animal power to mechanical power. Mechanical power is largely consumed in big land holdings asunder their economic condition, the small and marginal farmers are unable to own farm machinery on their own. Andhra Pradesh State is typically an agrarian State with 80.96 lakh ha of the net sown area and has about 65.39 lakh ha operational holdings and 34.35 lakh ha are small and marginal holdings. Some of the initial problems in farm mechanization had been the small and scattered size of farm holdings, financially challenged farmers, lack of awareness among the marginal farmers, and the issue of dry land agriculture. In Andhra Pradesh at present, the Farm power availability is below 2.00Kw/ha. Which is low and there is a lot of scope for improvement. The mechanization index very low SC and ST category because of that is staying away from the municipal areas, small land holding, less annual income, and repair and Maintenance Lake of non-availability of workshops in rural areas. The economic status of the farmers is greatly affected by the farm mechanization index less mechanization formed in less than 25,000 Rs of the annual income of the farmers.

Climate change effect on Cocoa Production in Central Agricultural Zone of Cross River State, Nigeria

The study examined climate change's effect on cocoa production in the central agricultural zone of Cross River State, Nigeria. It specifically investigated the socioeconomic characteristics of cocoa farmers and the effect of climate variables on cocoa production in the study area. Both primary and secondary data were used for the study. Primary data were collected from 240 respondents and analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Likert scale techniques, Regression and correlation analysis were used to analyse the secondary data collected. The results of the descriptive statistics revealed that cocoa production was carried out by both men and women with men taking the production lead at 65.8% as compared to 34.2% of the women. On age distribution, the study revealed people within the age bracket of 18-50 years majorly cultivate cocoa in the area. The educational level revealed that the farmers had some form of formal education with good farming experience of between 11-20 years in cocoa production. The farmers had family sizes ranging largely between 6-15 persons in a household. The result also showed that 40% of the respondents inherited their farm holdings while 27.5%, 21.7%, and 10.8% of the respondents hired, purchased and rented their farm holdings respectively. The results of the multiple regression analysis revealed that about 78% of the climate variables influenced cocoa output in the area. It indicated that maximum temperature (Χ1), relative humidity (Χ4), wind (Χ6), and evaporation (Χ7) had an inverse relationship with cocoa output, whereas minimum temperature (Χ2), rainfall (Χ3), and sunshine hours (Χ5) had a direct relationship with cocoa output in the study area. The correlation analysis revealed that maximum temperature (Χ1), relative humidity (Χ4), and wind (Χ6) are negatively correlated with cocoa output while minimum temperature (Χ2), rainfall (Χ3), sunshine hours (Χ5) and evaporation (Χ7) are positively correlated with cocoa output in the study area. The most common strategies adopted by cocoa farmers to mitigate the effect of climate variables on cocoa production were the planting of cocoa-resistant varieties and intercropping cocoa with some tree crops to foretell bad weather conditions.

Problems faced by small farm holders in co-operative society in Udumalpet

This study examines highlights the problems faced by small farm holders in cooperative societies in Udumalpet. Cooperative societies play a vital role in supporting and empowering small farmers by providing them with various benefits and services. However, despite their significance, small farm holders encounter several challenges within these societies that hinder their growth and success. The impact of these problems on small farm holders, such as reduced productivity and income, decreased competitiveness in the market, and limited opportunities for growth and development. It highlights the significance of addressing these challenges to ensure the sustainable development of small farmers and the overall agricultural sector in Udumalpet. It suggests that effective policies, improved access to resources and support services, enhanced training and capacity building programs, and transparent governance mechanisms are some potential measures that could alleviate the challenges faced by small farmers. highlighting the specific problems faced by small farm holders in cooperative societies in Udumalpet, this abstract aims to raise awareness and contribute to the development of strategies and interventions that can enhance the livelihoods and well-being of small farmers in the region.

ANALYSIS OF PROFITABILITY AND CUCUMBER PRODUCTIVITY AMONG SMALLHOLDER FARMERS

In the tropics, cucumber is a popular vegetable to grow; and as such it becomes imperative to evaluate the levels of farm productivity, given that agricultural productivity has a linear relationship with overall farm profitability. Therefore, this study analyzed profitability and cucumber productivity among smallholders in Jos-South, Plateau State, Nigeria. For this study, 115 respondents were selected using a multistage sampling method. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, farm budgeting and total factor productivity techniques. The estimated gross and net farm incomes were respectively ₦204,000 and ₦95,200 per hectare; indicating a venture that has the potential to improve economic prospects and is relatively profitable. Additionally, the benefit-cost ratio and profit margin were estimated to be 0.88 and 46.7%, respectively. In addition, the majority of cucumber farmers (51.3%), whose TFP indices were below the optimal scale, were producing sub-optimally; due to an inefficient mix of inputs and the high cost of factors of production. Further, the following were barriers to cucumber production in the area under study: inadequate capital (93.9%); inadequate input supply (78.2%); labour cost (75.7%); limited access to microcredit (70.6%); lack of improved technology (67.8%); limited extension contact (53.9%); fragmented farm holdings (50.4%); and pest and disease outbreaks (43.5%). Therefore, this study recommends improved access to agricultural credit and farm capital; improved cooperative activities, input supply and subsidies, policy modifications, development and adoption of agricultural production technology, improved extension service delivery and farmer sensitization.

Determinants of Agricultural Credit Utilization among Small Farm Holders: An Evidence from Southern Punjab, Pakistan

The agricultural credit has a significant impact on agricultural productivity. Credit constraints should be reasonably minimized so that small farmer can easily get loans. This study investigates the determinants of utilization of agricultural credit among small farm holders in southern Punjab, Pakistan. A total sample of 200 small farmers is selected for data collection. An appropriate pretested questionnaire was used for data collection. The data collection was done by tanking direct interviews by using a convenient sampling technique. District Multan was selected from the southern Punjab of Pakistan. A binary logit model was used to examine the effect of various factors on the adoption of agricultural credit utilization among small farm holders. The binary logit model's results showed that the variables of farmers' qualification, farming experience, family members, agricultural income, and tenant cum owner positively and significantly impact agricultural credit utilization. Agricultural land has a negative and significant influence on agricultural credit utilization. The study's results suggest that government should educate small farmers about the positive impact of credit utilization on their agricultural production.