Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions Theory Research Articles

The moderation of culture dimensions on the relationships between expectancy-value factors and reading achievement

The expectancy-value theory (EVT) explains the relationship between reading achievement and expectancy-value factors (i.e., self-concept and task value). As an extension of EVT, the situated expectancy-value theory (SEVT) emphasizes the influence of situational context. Adopting a multi-level modeling approach and drawing on Hofstede's (2011) Cultural Dimensions Theory, we investigated the relationship between SEVT factors (i.e., reading enjoyment and self-concept) and reading achievement using the PISA 2018 dataset. We focused on the moderation effects of six cultural dimensions (e.g., collectivism-individualism) on the relationship between reading enjoyment, self-concept, and reading achievement, along with socioeconomics factors (i.e., country income inequality, country affluence) as country-level covariates. Our findings confirm that (1) there is a positive relationship between the expectancy-value factors and reading achievement and (2) reading self-concept but not enjoyment is a stronger predictor of reading achievement in countries that highly value individualism, egalitarianism, and short-term orientation. Besides, reading enjoyment is more strongly linked to reading achievement in wealthy countries. Educational relevance statementThe findings of this study have important implications for teaching and educational policy-making. Since self-concept and enjoyment strongly correlate with reading achievement, the intervention in students' reading enjoyment and self-concept should be an important consideration in reading classes. In addition, the strength of the association between expectancy-value factors and reading achievement depends on the cultural and socioeconomic characteristics. While it is difficult to change a country's cultural norms and socioeconomic situation fundamentally, reforms can be made to create a school and family environment that affords the motivation “seeds” to grow. Particularly, policymakers need to consider how to promote egalitarianism, respect personal goal pursuit and autonomy, emphasize both long-term and short-term goals during teaching and learning. Finally, in developing countries, boosting education investment can provide additional resources to foster the literacy development of students with a passion for reading, ultimately enhancing their reading achievement.

Understanding Rewarding and Challenging Nursing Experiences During the Pandemic in Five Countries: Toward Strengthening the Workforce.

Nurses are now more likely to leave their current role in direct patient care than they were before the COVID-19 pandemic. Country culture and the organization of health care systems drive nurses' decisions to leave or stay in the profession. In a fall 2020 survey of nurse professional quality of life, a content analysis of responses to the open-ended question, "What has been challenging or rewarding during this pandemic experience?" was performed. Results were organized within Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions Theory. Six hundred and fifty-six nurses across five countries responded to the question; 526 comments were analyzed. Most (53.6%) respondents were staff bedside nurses. Themes, such as Distress and Fatigue and Building and Experiencing Social Capital were found and understood to reflect cultural values and dimensions such as Uncertainty Avoidance and Power Distance. Recommendations include strengthening culturally tailored leadership knowledge to inform and facilitate countries' nurse retention.

Analysis of the Cultural Dimensions of Indonesian People on Purchase Decisions: A Case Study of Karen's Diner Restaurant in Indonesia

This study uses a constructivist paradigm and a qualitative approach to analyse six elements of Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions Theory. Data analysis was taken from four viral tweets collected with the keyword Karen's Diner on Twitter from December 15 to 22, 2022. The study results show that six elements of the Cultural Dimensions Theory are inherent in Indonesian consumers, so they oppose the concept of service presented by Karen's Diner. The element of power distance applies where most Indonesian people have been instilled with the idea that "the buyer is the king", so they do not tolerate the slightest bad action done by the seller. Uncertainty avoidance applies when the Indonesian people protest and urge Karen's Diner Indonesia to make clear written regulations and improve the restaurant's service procedures. The element of masculinity or femininity is represented by netizens who think the restaurant's existence will disappear quickly amid competition in the dynamic Indonesian F&B industry. The Long Term vs Short Term Orientation element applies where the public considers the concept of Karen's Diner Indonesia service intolerable and raises concerns about behavioural deviations in the future. The Indulgence vs Restraint element is represented by people who oppose things that can potentially offend Eastern norms, one of which is product marketing.

Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Online Collaborative Learning in Germany

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the cross-cultural perspectives on online collaborative learning in Germany.
 Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries.
 Findings: In Germany, online collaborative learning prioritizes structured environments and asynchronous communication to accommodate diverse schedules. Emphasis is placed on clear communication, punctuality, and achieving consensus through respectful dialogue. Educators stress the development of intercultural competence alongside disciplinary knowledge for effective cross-cultural engagement.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory, social identity theory & communities of practice theory may be used to anchor future studies on the cross-cultural perspectives on online collaborative learning in Germany. Establish professional development programs that offer continuous training and support for educators to enhance their cultural competence and pedagogical skills in facilitating online collaborative learning. Advocate for the integration of cross-cultural competency standards into teacher education programs and accreditation requirements to ensure that educators are adequately prepared to address the needs of culturally diverse student populations in online collaborative learning environments.

Influence of Cultural Differences on Global PR Campaigns

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate how these cultural differences influence the strategies, messages, and implementation of global PR campaigns.
 Methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library.
 Findings: The findings reveal that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to cultural differences on global PR campaigns. Preliminary empirical review revealed that cultural sensitivity and adaptation are crucial for crafting effective PR strategies across diverse audiences worldwide. By analyzing various cultural dimensions, communication styles, and adaptation strategies, the study revealed the necessity of tailoring campaigns to meet the unique cultural preferences and values of target audiences. Furthermore, it highlighted the importance of cultural intelligence among PR practitioners in navigating global communication challenges successfully. The findings underscored the need for ongoing research, audience analysis, and training initiatives to inform and enhance PR campaign strategies. Overall, the study emphasized that embracing cultural diversity is essential for achieving communication objectives and positioning brands as credible and relatable in the global marketplace.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions theory, Hall's High-Context vs. Low-Context Communication and Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner's Cultural Dimensions may be used to anchor future studies on cultural differences on global PR campaigns. The study provided valuable recommendations that contributed to theory, practice, and policy in the field of public relations. It suggested integrating cultural dimensions theories into PR campaign development, emphasizing the importance of conducting thorough cultural analyses and audience research, and promoting cross-cultural communication skills among PR professionals. These recommendations enhanced our understanding of the complex interplay between culture and PR practices, empowered PR practitioners to navigate cultural differences effectively, and informed policy development to foster a more ethical and inclusive PR industry globally.

Exploring cross-cultural disparities in tourists' perceived images: a text mining and sentiment analysis study using LDA and BERT-BILSTM models

PurposeTourists with different cultural backgrounds think and behave differently. Accurately capturing and correctly understanding cultural differences will help tourist destinations in product/service planning, marketing communication and attracting and retaining tourists. This research employs Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory to analyse the variations in destination image perceptions of Chinese-speaking and English-speaking tourists to Xiamen, a prominent tourist attraction in China.Design/methodology/approachThe evaluation utilizes a two-stage approach, incorporating LDA and BERT-BILSTM models. By leveraging text mining, sentiment analysis and t-tests, this research investigates the variations in tourists' perceptions of Xiamen across different cultures.FindingsThe results reveal that cultural disparities significantly impact tourists' perceived image of Xiamen, particularly regarding their preferences for renowned tourist destinations and the factors influencing their travel experience.Originality/valueThis research pioneers applying natural language processing methods and machine learning techniques to affirm the substantial differences in the perceptions of tourist destinations among Chinese-speaking and English-speaking tourists based on Hofstede's cultural theory. The findings furnish theoretical insights for destination marketing organizations to target diverse cultural tourists through precise marketing strategies and illuminate the practical application of Hofstede's cultural theory in tourism and hospitality.

A Study of Chinese Young Adults' Outlook on Marriage Based on the Framework of Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions Theory—An Interpretation of Bullet Screen Comments on Bilibili.com

A Study of Chinese Young Adults' Outlook on Marriage Based on the Framework of Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions Theory—An Interpretation of Bullet Screen Comments on Bilibili.com

Effect of Organizational Values on Employee Performance at County Governments in Kenya: A Case of Meru County

A positive organizational value can enhance employee performance by fostering a sense of belonging, empowerment, and recognition, as it encourages employees to share ideas and work together towards common goals. On the other hand, a negative organizational culture can have detrimental effects on employee performance characterized by micromanagement, favouritism, and lack of transparency can lead to demotivation, low job satisfaction, and decreased productivity. The research objective was to determine the effect of organizational values on employee performance at county governments in Kenya: Case of Meru County. The study was anchored on three main theories Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions Theory, Social Learning Theory and Competing Values Framework. The study followed a descriptive research design. The study population was all the 221 departmental staff at Meru County government. The study sample was the entire population of 221 officers. They were selected using stratified random sampling. Data for the study was collected using questionnaires and secondary data collection sheets. The collected data was analysed using descriptive and inferential analysis. Tables were used in presentation of the analysed data. A Correlation Matrix was employed to assess the connections among the variables under investigation. The descriptive statistics suggested that, on average, the organization experienced moderate turnover, and there was a notable degree of variation in the turnover rates among the employees. The study showed a moderately positively positive correlation between organizational values and employee performance. Furthermore, the county government’s ability to foster a positive work-life balance for its employees is positively associated with employee performance. The study concluded that Organizational values were highly correlated with organization performance. The study recommended the review and refinement of organizational policies.

The Effect of Cultural Factors on Consumer Behaviour: A Global Perspective

Understanding the impact of cultural factors on consumer behaviour is imperative in today's global marketplace. This research explores the multifaceted influences of culture on consumer preferences, decision-making processes, and buying behaviours across diverse cultural contexts. Drawing upon Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory and nuanced cultural analyses, this paper examines the role of cultural values, language, rituals, and norms in shaping consumer choices. Quantitative data, qualitative insights, and case studies from various global sources illuminate the intricate relationship between cultural factors and consumer behaviour. The paper also delves into the challenges marketers face in navigating cultural diversity and proposes strategic recommendations for crafting effective cross-cultural marketing strategies. Additionally, it explores the impact of globalization on cultural diversity and offers insights into future trends shaping consumer behaviour in a globally interconnected world.

Hofstede’in Kültürel Boyutları Çerçevesinde Online Tüketim ve Kültür İlişkisi Üzerine Bir Analizi

Today, the internet is used extensively for information, news and entertainment. However, the behavior of purchasing goods or services on the internet has increased in recent years, especially with the effect of the global pandemic. This increase has led to changes in daily life practices. The main purpose of this study, which is based on these developments, is the effect of cultural ties on the reflections of consumers' online purchasing behaviors on this behavior, within the scope of Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions Theory. For this purpose, the study was discussed within the scope of cultural dimensions and online behavior dimensions. For the purpose of the research, a conceptual framework was created in the context of the studies in the literature and hypotheses of the research were formed. The data obtained through the online survey applied to consumers over the age of 18 who engage in online consumption behavior in Çanakkale, which constitutes the universe of the study, were analyzed by using SPSS for Windows 25.0 program. According to the results of the analysis, it was found that Hofstede's cultural dimensions had a significant effect on online behavior during the process of online purchasing behavior.

Impact of spirituality, culture, behaviour on sustainable consumption intentions

AbstractSustainable consumption is a growing area of research due to the climate change and environmental degradation. The present study examines a conceptual model by integrating spirituality with cultural values from Hofstede cultural dimensions theory and constructs from Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) to determine sustainable consumption intention. The paper also examines the moderating role of gender. The data was gathered from 726 customers. Structural equation modelling was used to analyse the main variables influencing sustainable consumption intentions. Spirituality, collectivism and long‐term orientation were found to have a positive impact on attitudes that leads to sustainable consumption intention. Thus, this study helps to improve the predictive ability of the Theory of Planned Behaviour by incorporating spirituality as a behavioural belief and collectivism and long‐term orientation as cultural dimensions. The findings show that gender has no moderating effect. The study outlines the process for converting a person's cultural values, norms, and beliefs into a purchase intention. As a result, the research offers practitioners and decision‐makers insight into how to boost intention towards sustainable consumption.

Technological Adaptation and Cultural Contradictions: An Analysis of the Socio-Cultural Roots of Teacher Anxiety in the Intelligent Era

In the era of intelligence, teachers are facing the challenges of new educational technologies, and technological anxiety has become an issue that cannot be ignored. Existing research often starts from the perspective of the technology acceptance model, neglecting the impact of diverse factors such as individual adaptation of teachers, socio-cultural environment, and cultural differences on technological anxiety. However, the emotional state of teachers will affect the effectiveness of their use of technological tools. This study attempts to apply theories of cross-cultural adaptation, postmodern social theory, Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory, social constructivism theory, and combine representative empirical research to deeply explore the socio-cultural factors and mechanisms behind the formation of teachers' technological anxiety, and propose suggestions from various social levels. From the perspective of socio-cultural contradictions, teachers' technological anxiety is mainly caused by differences in teachers' ability to adapt to technology, the impact of technology on educational practices, attitudes towards technology in different cultural backgrounds, and obstacles in the construction of technological cognition. To balance the contradiction between teachers' technological adaptation and socio-culture in the intelligent era, it is necessary to enhance the individual technological adaptability of teachers; construct a technology-friendly socio-cultural environment; pay attention to cultural differences, promote equal acceptance of technology; guide the social construction of positive technological cognition, and cultivate teachers' positive attitude and motivation for using technology.

Cross-cultural Communication Skills in River Town

According to Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory, the Sino-American cultural conflict depicted in American writer Peter Hessler's documentary book River Town focuses on four aspects: Individualism versus Collectivism, Power Distance, Long-term versus Short-term, Indulgence versus Restraint. Hessler experienced inevitable cultural conflicts in physical and mental aspects. Finally good things wear out. He fitted into Chinese life and fell in love with this Chinese town. Through the textual analysis of the cases in the book, the cultural conflicts between China and the United States and the intercultural communication skills used by the cross-boundary communicators can be clarified. Under the background of reform and opening up, Chinese society has undergone great changes, the stereotype of traditional China has been broken in River Town. Thus, it is very important to use intercultural communication skills in different places according to local conditions and times.

Does national culture impact management control systems? A systematic literature review

AbstractThis paper reviews findings on how different dimensions of national culture influence management control systems (MCS). It is based on a comprehensive sample of 43 peer-reviewed journal articles that were identified in a systematic literature search. For the categorization of the results, we refer to Malmi and Brown’s (Manag Account Res;19:287–300, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mar.2008.09.003) frequently quoted framework. Our systematic literature review offers a detailed analysis of the sample’s bibliographical characteristics, including the chronological order of publications, journal metrics, article type, and country focus. Our results reveal that the research field is dominated by Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory and that the majority of the sample articles explicitly mention or confirm the influence of national culture on MCS. We demonstrate that the cultural influences on a wide range of different MCS practices, tools and methods are examined, and show that a holistic and comprehensive analysis of the interplay of national culture and the elements of the MCS is mostly missing. Moreover, diverging research designs and contextual factors, different understandings of national culture and especially the often too superficial classification of national culture complicates and inhibits the comparability of the different results. Findings show that the underlying motivations and effectiveness of MCSs differ across national cultures, suggesting that MCSs require adaptation to different national cultures.

Exploring the Impact of Cultural Factors on Consumer Behavior in E-Commerce: A Cross-Cultural Analysis

This paper explores the impact of cultural factors on consumer behavior in e-commerce, specifically focusing on cultural dimensions, language and communication, trust and security, and social influence. The study recognizes that culture plays a crucial role in shaping individuals' attitudes, values, beliefs, and behaviors, thus influencing their decision-making processes and purchasing behaviors. Drawing on Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory, the analysis highlights how individualism-collectivism and power distance influence consumer behavior in e-commerce. Additionally, it emphasizes the significance of language and communication in catering to consumers' preferences, emphasizing the importance of using native languages and cultural symbols to enhance consumer engagement and understanding. Trust and security, as influenced by cultural factors such as individualism, collectivism, and uncertainty avoidance, are also discussed. The analysis underscores the importance of building trust and implementing robust security measures that align with cultural expectations. Furthermore, the study recognizes the impact of social influence in consumer behavior, particularly in collectivist cultures, where consumers rely on online reviews, recommendations from family and friends, and social media influence. By understanding and adapting to these cultural factors, businesses can tailor their e-commerce strategies to meet the needs and preferences of diverse cultural groups, ultimately enhancing customer satisfaction and loyalty. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for businesses operating in diverse markets, enabling them to optimize their online operations and effectively target consumers in different cultural contexts.

From the perspective of Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory, "The Flowers of War" and "The 13 Flowers of Nanjing"

This report analyzes the text of The Flowers of War and combines the three dimensions of Hofstede's cultural dimension theory: that is power distance, individualism and collectivism, and masculinity and femininity. This report uses plot line and character dialogue as the breakdown point to analyze two different types of female images: students and prostitutes. Through the attitude of the outside world, the living environment and personal cognition. All these differences show the differences between the two groups of girls m that analyzing the collision of people to females and the female herself shows the characteristics of the times. These two groups of people, analyzing the collision of people to females and the female herself shows the characteristics of the times. This report also reflects the change in the two groups from individualism, independent thinking and unlike with each other between the two groups: collectivism, when faced with danger, sacrifice self-interest for the collective benefit. The report is to affirm the value of women themselves, let women perceive their subjective consciousness, and safeguard women's interests.

The limitations of the traditional safety metrics applied to safety on a dynamic civil aviation industry - an empirical study applied to Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory

The limitations of the traditional safety metrics applied to safety on a dynamic civil aviation industry - an empirical study applied to Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory

Discursive construction of corporate identity through websites: An intercultural perspective on the commercial banks of the United States and China.

With the assistance of the corpus analysis tool Wmatrix 4.0, this paper analyzes the semantic categories of the top 10 commercial banks of China and the United States to figure out their social-cultural behavior in the Internet business context. It is discovered that both common and distinctive identities were constructed: the common identities include the professional financial service provider, responsible corporation for employees, and relevant communities with environmental and social consciousness, while the distinctive identities are manifested in the communication strategy, style, and persuasion mode: (1) The Chinese Commercial Banks adopted the proactive strategy for corporate identity construction, are prone to take hierarchical and impersonal communication style, and more focused on the “credibility appeal” and “rational appeal” in persuasion mode; (2) the commercial banks of the United States are more reactive in the communication strategy, position themselves in short distance with the putative audience in communication style, and conform to the typical “affective appeal” regarding the persuasion mode. From the intercultural perspective, the distinctions are the representation of the peculiar high-context culture and low-context culture based on Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory. Chinese banks should try to shorten the cultural gap by adopting communication strategy in conformity with the local cultural when going global rather than sticking to the domestic communication strategy.

A critical analysis of the cultural differences of foreign employees working in China: a case study of the UK

This qualitative study proposes how to help cross-cultural communicators identify and address the causes and challenges of the cultural differences they encounter through the factors of cultural differences. The study was compared through a control group and data was collected and analysed by understanding interviewees' professional experiences to date as well as their experience of living in a foreign country. The participants were then asked specific questions using Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory and the concept of culture shock as a framework to inductively categorise the data while explaining through cultural dimensions theory and folk China theory.
 This study provides new insights for cross-cultural communicators on the cultural differences between China and Britain and provides a new understanding of the cultural differences between China and Britain through the cultural dimension theory and folk China theory. This study integrates the existing theories, especially proves that folk China theory can be used as theoretical support for the cultural dimension of the Sino-British data, and summarizes the current influences and underlying reasons for the Sino-British cultural communicators. In addition, the study provides effective recommendations and suggestions for a new generation of Sino-British cross-cultural communicators, both individually and collectively.

Effects of Culture on the Balance Between Mathematics Achievement and Subjective Wellbeing.

Previous studies suggested that culture have impact on students' mathematics achievement and subjective wellbeing, but few investigated the effects of culture on the balance between them. Drawing on Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory, this study investigated the effects of culture on balance between students' mathematics achievement and subjective wellbeing. Results showed the significant effects of cultural dimensions of long-term orientation vs. short-term orientation and indulgence vs. restraint. Students from countries of high long-term orientation and low indulgence culture were more likely to get both high mathematics achievement and high SWB. Besides, wealth-related variables (family SES and GDP per capita) and gender were also found to influence the odds ratio of balance. The findings confirmed the effects of national culture on the balance between mathematics achievement and SWB. Based on the findings, this study discussed the effects of long-term orientation and restraint culture and Confucian heritage culture's potential benefit. The results indicate that mathematics educators should consider cultural differences in educational practice and stress the importance and meaning of mathematics learning.