Hocking County Research Articles

The Bryophytes of Crane Hollow Preserve and Hocking County, Ohio

The bryophytes of Hocking County, Ohio, have been collected for more than a century. Ninety, or 73% of Ohio's liverwort species, and 236, or 60% of Ohio moss species have been found growing on its dry oak ridges, sandstone rock exposures, and moist hemlock ravines. Crane Hollow Preserve, a private natural area comprising 704 ha, supports 49, or 40% of Ohio's liverwort species, and 167, or 43% of Ohio moss species.

Hot Tub Cabin Rentals and Forest Tourism in Hocking County, Ohio

Nous étudions d’intéressantes variations dans les taux de location touristique du comté de Hocking (Ohio, États-Unis). L’industrie des chalets avec jacuzzi est née dans les années 1970 et s’est rapidement développée depuis 1990. Nous mettons en œuvre une régression hédonique sur une base de données de 503 chalets, appartenant à 143 entreprises, pour expliquer la variation dans les taux de location et dans les revenus générés. Cette analyse est complétée par une analyse exploratoire spatiale. Nous estimons l’impact relatif lié à la proximité d’aménités environnementales, d’infrastructures et de commerces. Les taux de locations sont corrélés aux différentes caractéristiques individuelles des chalets privés. Le revenu moyen est plus élevé lorsqu’il offre un meilleur accès. En revanche, la proximité des mines représente une désaménité significative qui est cependant compensée par une plus grande couverture forestière.

Atlas of Ohio Aquatic Insects: Volume II, Plecoptera.

BackgroundWe provide volume II of a distributional atlas of aquatic insects for the eastern USA state of Ohio. This treatment of stoneflies (Plecoptera) is companion to Armitage et al. (2011) on caddisflies (Trichoptera). We build on a recent analysis of Ohio stonefly diversity patterns based on large drainages (DeWalt et al. 2012), but add 3717 new records to the data set. We base most analyses on the United States Geological Survey Hierarchical Unit Code eight (HUC8) drainage scale. In addition to distributional maps for each species, we provide analyses of species richness versus HUC8 drainage area and the number of unique locations in a HUC8 drainage, species richness versus Ohio counties, analyze adult presence phenology throughout the year, and demonstrate stream size range affiliation for each species.New informationThis work is based on a total of 7797 specimen records gathered from 21 regional museums, agency data, personal collections, and from the literature Table 1. To our knowledge this is the largest stonefly data set available for a similarly sized geopolitical area anywhere in the world. These data are made available as a Darwin Core Archive supported by the Pensoft Integrated Publishing Toolkit (DeWalt et al. 2016b). All known published papers reporting stoneflies from Ohio are detailed in Suppl. material 1. We recovered 102 species from Ohio, including all nine Nearctic families Table 2​. Two species were removed from the DeWalt et al. (2012) list and two new state records added. Perlidae (32 spp.) was most speciose, compared to the low diversity Pteronarcyidae (2 spp.) and Peltoperlidae (1 sp.). The richest HUC8 drainages occurred in northeastern, south-central, and southern regions of the state where drainages were heavily forested, had the highest slopes, and were contained within or adjacent to the unglaciated Allegheny and Appalachian Plateaus. Species poor drainages occurred mainly in the northwestern region where Wisconsinan aged lake plains climaxed to an expansive wooded wetland, the Black Swamp. The unglaciated Lower Scioto drainage (72 spp.) in south-central Ohio supported the greatest species richness. There was no relationship between species richness and HUC8 drainage size, but the number of unique locations in a drainage strongly related to species richness. All Ohio counties were represented in the data set with Hocking County (59 spp.) of the Lower Scioto drainage being the richest and most heavily sampled. Adult presence phenology was influenced by phylogenetic relationships such that the superfamily Nemouroidea (Capniidae, Leuctridae, Nemouridae, and Taeniopterygidae) generally emerged in winter and spring while the superfamilies Pteronarcyoidea (Pteronarcyidae, Peltoperlidae) and Perloidea (Chloroperlidae, Perlidae, Perlodidae) emerged later, some species continuing emergence through summer months. Species often occupied specific stream size ranges, while others were generalists. Two species once histrorically abundant in the western Lake Erie Bass Islands no longer reside there. Each of the 102 species is discussed in detail, including several that require additional collecting efforts to confirm their identities, presence, and distribution in Ohio.

Spatial analysis of land suitability, hot-tub cabins and forest tourism in Appalachian Ohio

After decades of falling real commodity prices in agriculture, forestry and mining, natural amenities have become central components of regional growth strategies. While the prospects for amenity-led growth are perceptible, there are still many open questions regarding how natural resources become valuable amenity assets. In this manuscript, we investigate spatial patterns of natural amenity-based tourism; i.e., tourist lodging in so-called hot tub cabins (HTCs) in Hocking County, Ohio. A rare events logistic regression (RELR) is used to examine which spatial factors are most strongly associated with the observed patterns of HTCs. We evaluate how apparent spatial conflicts (water availability and exurbanization), tourist and natural amenities (forest cover, topography, state parks and federal forestland) and legacy effects (past mining areas and an urban density instrumental variable) influence the suitability for HTCs. Prior literature on natural amenity tourism has largely focused on regional or continental scales in order to have a large sample size for analysis. In so doing, finer-scale variation in land suitability is difficult to represent. We use RELR to control for the rarity of tourism lodging at the county scale. Our findings suggest that accessibility combined with tree cover and topography explains much of the variation in HTC locations. While protected areas are likewise important, past activities like mining impact current recreation possibilities, appearing to be incompatible with the natural experiences sought by HTC visitors. HTCs are also more likely to be located in remaining “remote areas”, or inversely related to the patterns of urban density. Policymakers wishing to enhance regional competitiveness in amenity-led growth should consider fine scale characteristics and environmental legacies in their development planning.

An Aerophilous Diatom Community from Hocking County, Ohio

An Aerophilous Diatom Community from Hocking County, Ohio

Determining the Elementary Matrix Block In a Fissured Reservoir Eschau Field, France

The fracturing of a reservoir is not a random phenomenon; it appears that the rock splits up into regular blocks bounded by networks of parallel fissures. A method is described for combining information parallel fissures. A method is described for combining information deduced from cores and outcrops to obtain a statistical distribution of fracture characteristics. From this we deduce the orientation, the dimensions, and the volume of the average block. Introduction In a fractured reservoir, recovery ratio and methods of calculating it are closely connected to the volume and size of the matrix blocks. The reason is that the volume and size of the block influence the way hydrocarbons escape from the rock matrix as the reservoir is depleted. This observation is valid for any depletion process, whether it be imbibition, solution gas drive, or gravity drainage. Furthermore, the orientation of blocks (which is derived from the orientation of bounding fractures) will greatly influence the flow of fluid toward the wellbore, and consequently will directly affect the location of production wells and the choice of recovery process, production wells and the choice of recovery process, both of which, in part, determine the recovery ratio. Various numerical simulation models have been designed to calculate future production, based on assumptions involving drainage mechanisms; basic to the functioning of the model are data on the characteristics of the matrix block. It would be highly desirable, then, to be able to gather data on the volume, size, and orientation of the matrix block for each well in a field. Such a goal can be achieved through production geology, because rock fracturing is not a random phenomenon, but takes place mainly under the effect phenomenon, but takes place mainly under the effect of tectonic stresses that accumulated with the rock mass during the geological history of the formation. In a study of the Laurel Gas Storage (Hocking County, Ohio), the U. S. Bureau of Mines noted that fracture orientation measured at an outcrop was similar to fracture orientation determined from oriented cores (taken at a depth of approximately 2,460 ft), and that hydraulic fracturing induced in an unfractured reservoir sample leads to a fracture orientation conditioned by the stresses that currently exist. The orientation of the induced fractures is superimposed upon that of the existing fractures. V.N.I.G.R.I. Institute of Leningrad (USSR) published similar observations based on data gathered published similar observations based on data gathered in the field from outcrops as well as on data derived from cores. From measurements of outcrops, the geologist can arrive at basic laws relating to the orientation and magnitude of fracture networks at major structural features, as both depend essentially upon tectonic stresses. The theories that now exist are general; and the laws behind them are only partly known; the theories may in some cases be used to classify into families all of the fractures encountered in cores, even if the outcrop corresponding to the subsurface structure being studied is actually missing. Subsurface observations made within a reservoir can thus be explained, and characteristics of the elementary matrix block can be determined. The aim of this study is to show, with a concrete example, the steps to take in determining the elementary, matrix block. The example is an application of a general method to a particular case. JPT P. 523

The effects of photoperiod and temperature on the induction of diapause in Aedes triseriatus (Say)

The Aedes triseriatus eggs used in these experiments were from two colonies maintained in laboratory culture under identical conditions for numerous generations. One colony was established with larvae collected in Hocking County, Ohio, and the other colony was established with larvae collected in Montgomery, Alabama. The Ohio strain diapaused only as eggs whereas the Alabama strain diapaused either as eggs or as fourth instar larvae. Experiments were designed to investigate the influence of several factors on the induction of diapause in eggs. Specifically these were: the effects of several day lengths on eggs, the effects of temperature on eggs, the effect of day length on the parents of the eggs, and combinations of these factors. The direct photoperiodic treatment of the eggs produced the most marked effect; the photoperiodic treatment of adults showed no effect on induction of diapause in their eggs. Eggs maintained at 18°C had higher induction scores than eggs maintained at 27°C. The photoperiod threshold for Ohio strain eggs was between 13 and 14 hr and that for the Alabama strain was between 12 and 13 hr, thus reflecting geographical differences in latitude between the two strains. The interaction of temperature and photoperiod was studied for Ohio strain eggs by using a wide range of temperature treatments while keeping the photoperiod treatments near the critical length. Both temperature and photoperiod caused differences in diapause induction and there was a significant interaction between these factors.

BLACK HAND SANDSTONE AND CONGLOMERATE IN OHIO

The lower and middle Mississippian strata of Ohio, known as the Waverly series, consist of five formations, from older to younger: the Bedford shale, the Berea sandstone, the Sunbury shale, the Cuyahoga formation, and the Logan formation. They were laid down in the great shallow basin known as the Appalachian geosyncline. The floor of the basin rose and sank from time to time so that shore conditions with mud, sand, and conglomerate might prevail at any place, to be succeeded by deeper water and limestone formation. Sometimes it was dry, and again deltas spread across it. This resulted in a succession of deposits, varying in character as the condition surrounding their deposition changed. The Black Hand sandstone and conglomerate member of the Cuyahoga formation of Ohio has been one of the perplexing problems of the Waverly series. This conglomeratic sandstone, correlated with the Big Injun sandstone of southeastern Ohio, forms the scenic cliffs and deep gorges of Old Man9s Cave, the Rock House, Ash Cave, Cantwell Cliff, Conkle9s Hollow, and Cedar Falls, in the Hocking County region. The conglomerate facies of this sandstone occurs in elongate masses, from Vinton County at the south into Richland and Ashland counties to the north, a distance of more than 100 miles. The individual conglomerate lobes trend slightly west of north. The character of the sediments, which are marine, and the dip of the bedding planes suggest deposition in shallow water in rather strong currents with scouring action. All the evidence indicates that the currents came from the south; the true bedding planes dip 3°–15° and range in direction from N. to NE. to E. to NW. The pebbles of the conglomerate, which are quartz, are a quarter of an inch to more than 2 inches long. They are well rounded, indicating that they have been reworked several times. The source of this quartz is believed to be to the north and northeast. When traced horizontally from the conglomeratic masses, the Black Hand member thins and contains more shale, and the sandstones are finer and do not exhibit the strong cross-bedding and evidence of scouring action. The change in facies is accounted for by the explanation that the area, during the deposition of the Black Hand member, was a shallow interior sea in which bars, spits, beaches, and deltas were developed. What appears to be a bar was built on the west side of the area. Quiet lagoons were present in which finer sands and muds accumulated. The thickness of the Black Hand (Big Injun) conglomerate suggests that the area was sinking during the accumulation of the Black Hand conglomerates. The variation in thickness of the Black Hand and the irregular contour of its top suggest a dis-conformity with the Berne conglomerate member above, at the base of the Logan.

A Bone Atlatl Hook from Ohio

Since there appears to be no record of an atlatl hook from Ohio, it may be of interest to note the finding of a specimen in a rock shelter. This shelter is located under a sandstone bluff in the NW i of Section IS, Goodhope Township, Hocking County, Ohio. It faces east, overlooking the Hocking River Valley, and is just west of U. S. Route 33 and Brushy Fork, which flows into the Hocking River at this place.

Mosses of Neotoma, Hocking County, Ohio

Mosses of Neotoma, Hocking County, Ohio

Mosses of Neotoma, Hocking County, Ohio

The apothecial contents of Pertusaria, Ocellularia, and Thelotrema can be dissected out with ease when the specimens are moist and smear techniques can be utilized for the quick preparation of members of these genera for microscopic observation. Slides prepared in this manner are useful for the examination of the ascus membrane, the paraphyses, and the nuclear condition of asci in various stages of development. Smears of the apothecial contents are as easy to make as pollen smears and their method of preparation gives promise of being very fruitful as a technique.