The present study aims to present and discuss epidemiological aspects of the distribution of neurological signs and symptoms in HIV-positive patients treated with Anti Retro Viral ARV therapy in Brazil. HIV infection has been challenging health authorities since the 1980s. In Brazil, 1,045,355 cases of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) were identified from 1980 to June 2021. According to the Ministry of Health (MS), there has been a 35.7% reduction in the AIDS detection rate since 2012. Even so, 32,701 new cases were detected in 2 020. The most frequent neurological manifestations can be divided into: Inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, Mononeuropathy and mononeuropathy multiplex, Radiculopathy, Myopathy and diseases of the neuromuscular junction,Motor neuron disease, HIV-associated sensory neuropathy, HIV-associated sensory neuropathy. Many advances have been observed in recent years regarding the diagnosis and treatment of infection by this virus, however, it remains an important public health problem.