History Of Village Research Articles

A dynamic fire risk assessment method for compact historic villages based on the improved FRAME

There are a large number of high-value heritage sites in the historic villages preserved in the mountainous areas of southern China. These sites are exposed to major fire risks due to their compact layout and wooden building materials. By improving the fire risk assessment method for engineering (FRAME), we proposed a dynamic fire risk assessment method for compact historic villages. On one hand, a balance between universality and pertinence was established regarding the assessment indexes and weighting system by integrating general factors with unique regional factors. On the other hand, a connecting link between prescriptive fire codes and performance-based design adjustments was established through the cyclic operation path of assessment-intervention-reassessment. Xiaozhai village, which has experienced serious fire incidents, was selected as an example. Its original fire risk, established fire interventions, actual fire results, and optimized fire protection plan were compared and analyzed to validate the effectiveness and reliability of the assessment method. This study reveals the correlation between various factors of the village and building fire risk. Among these factors, building proximity, traditional customs, and fire protection layout, which are not included in the original FRAME, have a significant impact on fire risk. The results of this study can serve as a reference for fire prevention in historic villages with similar characteristics worldwide. Additionally, the proposed methodology can provide insights into the development of fire risk assessment methods for various types of historical settlements, thus promoting the sustainable development of built heritage in these settlements.

The Design of Human-in-the-Loop Cyber-Physical Systems for Monitoring the Ecosystem of Historic Villages

The Design of Human-in-the-Loop Cyber-Physical Systems for Monitoring the Ecosystem of Historic Villages

Research on parametric analysis and simulation application of spatial texture in traditional villages: a case study of Cantonese traditional villages

ABSTRACT Traditional Chinese villages, as rural settlements shaped over extensive historical evolution in agrarian societies, have lacked a systematic method for quantitatively analysing and understanding the historical spatial forms. This study takes a morphological research perspective, using Lohong Village, Su’er Village, and Shangyue Village in Guangdong Province as case studies of typical Cantonese traditional villages. It focuses on three key spatial texture elements: roads, plots, and architecture, employing parametric modelling techniques to investigate their combination patterns and quantitative characteristics. The findings indicate that: (1) Parametric analysis techniques can comprehensively, quantitatively, and accurately reveal the patterns of village spatial texture; (2) Comparing optimized parametric simulation results with original villages shows high similarity in spatial texture, demonstrating the method’s high fidelity and practical value; (3) The study explores a research approach suitable for the computer era – “data collection – parametric feature extraction and optimization – simulation and data calibration” – to study the spatial texture of traditional villages. Furthermore, it establishes a parametric-based platform for rural planning and construction management, providing a digital design pathway and management basis to preserve and inherit the historical village aesthetics.

Kiskiak: The settlement history of a dispersed village in Tidewater Virginia

Villages organized coastal Algonquian social life in the Chesapeake during the late precolonial and early colonial eras. Even so, archaeologists have only rarely attempted to interpret village or community organization in the region, relying instead on the assumption that communities overlapped closely with individual sites. This study challenges that assumption through a “non-site” assessment of survey and excavation data from Virginia's lower York River. This approach indicates that settlement along Indian Field Creek included spatially discrete but socially connected spaces that comprised the village of Kiskiak. With origins in the Mockley Phase (AD 200–900), this settlement form comes into clear view during the colonial era as a dispersed, creek-side village with domestic spaces around Indian Field Creek, community middens at its mouth, and a palisaded area overlooking the York. The dispersed village and its history in the region represent important dimensions of social life in the Native Chesapeake.

Mengoptimalkan Implementasi Sistem Keuangan Desa untuk Alokasi Dana Desa yang Efektif di Desa Gunungsari Kecamatan Dawarblandong Kabupaten Mojokerto

The implementation of the Village Financial System in Gunungsari village has been very effective, this can be seen from the process of preparing the Village Revenue and Expenditure Budget through Siskeudes which is more easily accessible because of the complete features available in the application. As in Permendagri No. 113 of 2014 concerning villages, namely Planning, Implementation, Administration, Reporting, Accountability, reporting process. The type of research used is qualitative research. Data was obtained by conducting direct interviews, observation and documentation in Gunungsari village by obtaining primary data through interviews with resource persons and secondary data obtained from existing documentation in Gunungsari village, village history, general description and financial reports. The research results show that the implementation of the village financial system plays an important role in the efficiency and transparency of the use of village funds. This system requires strict procedures in financial management, including better reporting and accountability.

Ancient Habitat of Kabylia : Identities and Originality

The Kabylia region has a rich architectural heritage and is considered one of the most important heritage elementsthat distinguish Algeria from the rest of the world, bequeathed by our ancestors, which attracts the intention despiteits ancient construction and its exposure to many natural factors, remain unshakable. In order to allow futuregenerations to immerse themselves in the culture of their ancestors, they must reintegrate them again and convertthem within the framework of mountain tourism. On the other hand, we note that this habitat has not been the subjectof care and study by specialized researchers, archaeologists and architects. In this communication we invite you to discover the history and architectural structures of villages and houses in Kabylie by focusing on the preparation and organization, as well as the construction techniques and the raw materials used and how can we preserve them?

Historical Foundations to Modern Innovations of Urban Village

In recent decades, the importance of historical villages has been widely acknowledged because of their aesthetic andecological contributions. Additionally, they have the potential to promote local socioeconomic growth through heritagevalorization. The urban village concept, essential for sustainable urban development, has evolved significantly from itstraditional village origins. It is based on historical sustainability practices, which include environmental, social, and economicdimensions. Over time, this concept has been reinterpreted into modern urban planning, primarily focusing ondevelopments. This research examines urban villages' historical evolution, modern transformation, and their important rolein current urban development. It analyzes the sustainability aspects of historic villages, their transition into modern urbanvillages, the distinct spatial and organizational shifts in contemporary contexts, and the essential design principles for today'surban community design. Furthermore, integrating advanced technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and smartgrids in urban villages, exemplified by Kelvin Grove and Seattle projects in Australia and United States respectively, hasrevolutionized resource management and energy efficiency, further aligning the urban village concept with contemporarysustainability goals. This study emphasizes the growing relevance of the urban model village in promoting sustainable urbancommunities.

Regenerating small historic villages. Possible strategies through the vision of experts

ABSTRACT This article aims to explore the critical issues and strategies for the enhancement and regeneration of small Italian historic villages, making use of the opinions of experts from different backgrounds, collected in the context of open-ended interviews. The analysis of the results of the interviews paints a nuanced picture of the challenges facing these communities, which include environmental and economic sustainability, demographics, access to essential services, and the preservation of cultural identity. The integration of perspectives derived from interviews with politicians, technicians, health professionals and cultural experts highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to address the complexity of the challenges. Themes emerge such as the need for strategies that can be adapted to local specificities, the active involvement of local communities in decision-making and a delicate balance between preservation of traditions and innovation. The article’s conclusions underline the urgency of flexible strategies that can adapt to the changing needs of these communities. As a whole, the work offers a contribution to the debate on regeneration policies, offering key ideas to orient the future of the many smaller Italian historic centers towards a perspective of sustainable and lasting development.

Mapping and assessment of karst landscape aesthetic value from a world heritage perspective: a case study of the Huangguoshu Scenic area

Aesthetic value is an essential component of outstanding universal value (OUV) for natural world heritage (NWH) site. However, comparisons of aesthetic value lack a set of effective evaluation systems. In the identification of aesthetic value, there is subjectivity and difficulty in quantifying the methodology suggested by the IUCN in the operation manual, and it is difficult to compare in different NWH sites. This study focused on establishing a universal system to map and assess the aesthetic value of karst NWH sites. The research focused on three dimensions: naturalness, diversity, and uniqueness. The final combination of the three is achieved by geographic information system (GIS)-based spatial map overlay analysis with multisource data. To verify the rationality of the model, the aesthetic value of a case study in the Huangguoshu Scenic Area in China at the WH nominated site was evaluated. The results revealed that the areas with low, relatively low, medium, relatively high, and high values accounted for 12.2%, 20.2%, 32.4%, 21.4% and 13.8%, respectively. The distribution of aesthetic value is basically consistent with the boundary division of the NWH site, and high scores are mostly distributed in areas with high protection levels. Moreover, the impacts of naturalness, uniqueness and diversity on aesthetic value in the research area are in decreasing order. Furthermore, the research analyses the aesthetic characteristics and causes at different levels. The research area combines the quintessential nature of karst, hills and water, caves, fenglin and historic villages; it unifies sturdiness, peculiarity, precipitousness, and peace. Among the 7 nominated NWH sites, the Huangguoshu Waterfall has the highest aesthetic value, while those of Tiantaishan Ancient Temple and Getuhe are relatively low. The rationality of the evaluation system for extracting areas with high aesthetic value was demonstrated. This study compensates for the limitation of the inability of existing studies to quantify the aesthetic value. This approach fills a previous gap in the research on the aesthetic value of WH and can provide a useful reference for better protection and management decisions.

Multidimensional Evaluation Framework for Assessing Cultural Heritage Adaptive Reuse Projects: The Case of the Seminary in Sant’Agata de’ Goti (Italy)

As climate change accelerates, urban areas are becoming increasingly inhospitable, with rising heat island effects and overall unhealthy environmental conditions. In this context, historic villages, due to their proximity to nature and lower population density, can represent a valuable alternative to unsustainable urban areas, providing better quality of life (i.e., through healthier environment, better work–life balance). They are “populated” by historic buildings characterized by high cultural value but are often in a state of abandonment. Nowadays, the adaptive reuse of cultural heritage represents an efficient strategy to adapt it to new needs/requirements and, at the same time, to preserve its historical and intrinsic values for present and future generations. In this framework, this study proposes a multidimensional evaluation framework for assessing cultural heritage adaptive reuse projects, covering all sustainability dimensions and capturing both tangible and intangible values. This framework, consisting of multiple criteria and multidimensional indicators, has been applied to evaluate alternative scenarios related to the regeneration of the abandoned Seminary in Sant’Agata de’ Goti (historic village), Benevento, Italy. In particular, three different scenarios have been evaluated by the SOCRATES (SOcial multi Criteria Assessment of European policies) method, a multicriteria decision method developed by the Joint Research Center (JRC) of the European Commission.

Crouching the tiger, or hiding the dragon? scale in China’s heritage production

In the built heritage studies, the intricate web of social and selective processes that define heritage is evident. These processes are, in many cases, intertwined with the notion of scale, examplified through the production of heritage sites at the local, national, and transnational scales. While heritage and geography scholars have articulated the role played by scale in heritage-making and argue against a rigid, fixed, and hierarchical understanding of scale, they highlight the constant reproduction of scale. There is, so far, limited explanation of how the perception of scale gets reproduced and how crucial actors manipulate scalar power and resources for heritage making and the reproduction of scale. To fill this gap, this paper delves into mainland China’s heritage-making, using the southern Anhui historical villages as an example. Based on intensive 5-month field research, this paper has three findings: 1) The nomination process for a World Heritage Site is notably influenced by politics and selectivity; 2) Diverse stakeholders are pivotal in shaping heritage narratives; 3) Individual contributions to heritage creation directly interact with, and subsequently reshape, ‘scale’, an entity that is simultaneously discursive and tangible. By integrating the notion of ‘scale’ into heritage discussions, we illuminate two concurrent processes: creating hierarchies through rule assimilation by interpreting the UNESCO standard internally and evolving socio-spatial dynamics via the manifestation of individual agency with resource manipulation, scale jumping, and reproduction of scale. This approach aligns with the material orientation in human geography and repositions ‘scale’. Here, it’s not just an epistemological framework but also a tangible force that steers individual perceptions and actions and yields measurable material impacts.

Research on the Local Knowledge and Its Cultural Value in Village History Museums: A Case Study of Liugong Village History Museum in Guilin

This paper employs the theory of local knowledge, taking the Liugong Village History Museum in Guilin as the research object. It classifies the local knowledge in the village history museum into explicit and tacit types. The exertion of this local knowledge is closely related to the dynamic behavior, historical induction, and local context throughout the museum's development process. The cultural value of the village history museum lies in promoting local knowledge. From this perspective, the museum plays a role in localizing rural culture, creating cultural landmarks, and constructing a folk discourse system, thus becoming a "new" coordinate in the context of rural cultural revitalization.

Каналы озера Каменное: к вопросу о крестьянских гидротехнических сооружениях Карелии

There are a large number of unexplored structures in Karelia related to peasant economic activities. These are mills, storage facilities, barns, hunting traps, paddocks, and roads located outside the boundaries of historical villages. In the paper, we will consider the objects of the Karelian rural water transport infrastructure group – channels. In the absence of good roads in the White Sea Karelia, waterways were the only convenient way to travel between villages throughout the year.The first field study of the channels was carried out by an archaeological expedition of the National Museum of the Republic of Karelia in 2015 on Lake Kamennoe (Kiitehenjarvi) in the Kostomuksha Nature Reserve. Two channels were examined near the village of Shappovaara on the western shore of the lake and the village of Luzhmaguba near the beginning of the Kamennaya River. The first channel (90 m long) was photographed by Finnish photographer K.I. Inha in 1894. There were two wooden crosses and two karsikkos near it and boats passed through it, the second channel (306 m) was probably used for transporting logs during the rafting period. The estimated dating of both structures is the second half of the XIX century. The closest analogies are located on the territory of Finland.

Optimization of Natural Resources to Realize Community Welfare

The purpose of this study is to empower the people of Panambangan Village in realizing independence and welfare based on optimizing community potential, focusing on understanding the history of Panambangan Village, the origin of the name of the village, and the potential of its natural resources. The method used in this study is qualitative research method. The potential of Panambangan Village tourist attraction has a tourist attraction that until now has not been developed. Research results The wealth of tourism potential of Panambangan Village needs to be developed in order to support sustainable tourism. Recommendations that can be given to develop tourism potential are directed based on the condition of Panambangan Village whose status as a tourist village, but conditions on the ground have not reflected this. This is shown by the development of tourism which is still constrained by development costs. Even though Panambangan Village has many natural features and cultural traditions that can be considered quite exciting tourist attractions, The conclusion of this study shows that efforts to optimize natural resources can be vital in achieving community welfare by combining ecological sustainability and economic development.

EPANet-KD: Efficient progressive attention network for fine-grained provincial village classification via knowledge distillation.

Fine-grained classification of historical traditional villages plays a crucial role in guiding the future development and construction of urban and rural areas. This study aims to propose a new dataset for fine-grained classification of traditional villages and to propose an efficient progressive attention network for the problem of low accuracy and efficiency of fine-grained traditional historical village classification. Firstly, in order to further study the long-standing problem of fine-grained classification of traditional villages, a new fine-grained classification dataset of traditional villages containing 4,400 images, referred to as PVCD, is proposed by crawling and hand-arranging. Secondly, a new Progressive Attention Module, abbreviated as PAM, is also proposed. PAM engages in attentional modeling of prominent spatial features within the spatial dimension, subsequently applying attentional modeling to channel features beneath the identified salient spatial features. This process involves salient spatial feature attention modeling of prominent channel features within the dimension to extract discriminative information for fine-grained classification, thereby enhancing the performance of classifying traditional villages with precision. Finally, a new knowledge distillation strategy of softened alignment distillation, or SAD for short, is proposed, which simply and efficiently transfers the knowledge of softened category probability distributions through. Notably, based on the above proposed PAM, the lightweight EPANet-Student and the heavyweight EPANet-Teacher are proposed. In addition, the heavyweight EPANet-Teacher transfers the knowledge of fine-grained categorization of traditional villages to the lightweight EPANet-Student through the proposed SAD, abbreviated as EPANet-KD. The experimental results show that the proposed EPANet-Teacher achieves state-of-the-art performance with an accuracy of 67.27%, and the proposed EPANet-KD achieves comparable performance to the proposed EPANet-Teacher with 3.32M parameters and 0.42G computation. The proposed EPANet-KD maintains a good balance of accuracy and efficiency in the fine-grained classification of traditional villages, considerably promoting the research on the fine-grained classification of traditional villages. In addition, it facilitates the digital preservation and development of traditional villages. All datasets, codes and benchmarking results are publicly available for the promotion of this research area. https://github.com/Jack13026212687/EPANet-KD.

Cultural Transformation in Đường Lâm Village amidst Urbanization

Đường Lâm, a historic village in the Red River Delta, is a repository of numerous cultural, architectural, and lifestyle values of the residents in the Northern Delta region and of Vietnamese culture as a whole. However, with the ongoing industrialization, modernization, and consequently urbanization, there are multifaceted impacts. The culture of Đường Lâm village faces a significant challenge: balancing the relationship between tradition and innovation, and between national identity and modernity. The village must modernize and contemporize while preserving the essence of its national cultural identity. A pertinent question arises: how can the culture of Đường Lâm village adapt and keep pace with the country's development trends without losing its traditional cultural values that have always been a focus of research

Architectural Heritage Preservation for Rural Revitalization: Typical Case of Traditional Village Retrofitting in China

With the massive urbanization and industrialization in China, the paradox between fast modernization and cultural preservation arouses challenges on new insight into green construction and sustainable development strategies throughout the nation. Particularly, how to strike a balanced cultural–modern rural revitalization has become a research priority, especially for cultural and historical villages in relatively under developed western regions. In this paper, taking Gaotunzi Village, a traditional ethnic village in western high-altitude plateau as an illustrative example, the typical green design manner and optimization strategy are proposed for cultural and architectural heritage preservation. The detailed architecture and structure design is conducted for both old temple retrofitting and new museum construction, with consideration for retaining traditional building colors, styles, and materials. Moreover, land use planning is demonstrated for local public space and services upgrading. The overall design strategy has been taken into practice for the local renovation construction program. The preliminary results indicate that this green retrofitting idea and approach are quite locally feasible for sustainable rural revitalization with local heritage conservation, including traditional wooden buildings, Buddhism belief, Tibetan icons, and ethnic symbolic culture preservation and promotion. This work can provide a typical design reference and application prototype for rural construction and modernization with local heritage preservation considerations, especially for those traditional villages in developing countries.

Intervention in Portuguese Historic Villages Facing Desertification and Climate Change

The 12 Historical Villages of Portugal, located on the border between Serra da Estrela and Spain, are a remarkable piece of Portuguese history. However, these villages have been deeply impacted by the increasing issue of depopulation, aging, and abandonment. While this phenomenon is not limited to these villages, there are certainly unique factors that contribute to the tension between maintaining the historical significance of the villages and addressing the everyday needs of the local. In the particular context of the buildings that still withstand, mostly in the central areas of the villages, many of those who insist on remaining in this territory end up abandoning the stone houses inside the villages and migrating to new buildings built in their surroundings.Despite its valuable symbolic capital (for its environmental, landscape and heritage potential), the tourism sector is clearly not the sole answer as its revenue to the local economy proves to be insufficient for the essential material, social and economic balance that attracts and fixes the population.The issue of unattractiveness in these villages is multifaceted. A key factor contributing to this problem is poor housing conditions, which fail to provide residents with the comfort they deserve. This lack of comfort also results in misguided interventions that mischaracterize the existing heritage, leading to a further devaluation of the symbolic capital of these communities.Considering this context and in articulation with the SDG11, it is imperative to establish solid bases for interventions in existing buildings that allow reconciling the need for adequate comfort levels with the protection of the landscape and heritage legacy, which incorporate innovation in terms of sustainability of materials and energy expenditure, with an alliance of ancestral knowledge with innovation in efficient water management, but also that pay attention to environmental, social, economic sustainability with beneficial impact on society and territory. These bases must also incorporate an adaptation to climate change that affects both the landscape and the comfort conditions inside the existent buildings.

Językowy i społeczno-kulturowy obraz życia wsi kujawskiej na przełomie XIX i XX w. na podstawie powieści Franciszka Becińskiego "Wieś na zakręcie drogi"

In the historical sciences for some time there has been a tendency to describe the history of the Polish peasantry through his eyes. Thanks to this approach, not only purely historical accounts gain importance, but also literary testimonies. One of them is the novel by the peasant writer and poet Franciszek Beciński, The Village on the Bend of the Road, presenting a wide, colorful panorama of life in the Kuyavian countryside at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries and representing the peasant's point of view. According to the ethnolinguistic concept of profiling, the capacity of the concept of LUD (folk, people) was presented by means of various linguistic, cultural and social oppositions. In Beciński's works, the oppositions of village and manor, folk and church, religiosity and ludic character, women and men are particularly visible. The analysis within the described profiles allows us to draw the conclusion that the history of the Kuyavian village at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries cannot be captured only from the perspective of the violence of the lord over the peasant, and social relations, both within the village itself and between the village and the manor house, were here much more complicated.

ETYMOLOGICAL PARALLELS: Mtskheta - mashita/masqita - dimasq

The following article presents the etymologies of Mtskheta, Damascus (dimaâq), and the historic Syrian settlement of Maskhita (masÕ×tÁ < maâq×tÁ). The conducted analysis established a connection between them. In particular, the name of the Georgian capital Mtskheta (as well as Samtskhe) is etymologically associated with Meskheti, which probably originates from the ancient tribe of Mushks/Mosokhs of Asia Minor (cf. Biblical Meshekh). The question of the kinship of the Georgians and the peoples of the Caucasus in general with the ancient peoples of Western Asia was studied by a number of scholars (Iv. Javakhishvili, S. Janashia, N. Berdzenishvili, G. Tsereteli, K. Tsereteli, G. Melikishvili, and others). To study this problem linguistic data are noteworthy, especially the proper and geographical names of the Old East, domestic, agricultural, and lexical units of other contents. The name of the historic village Maskhita (masÕ×tÁ) near the Syrian port city of Latakia is written in Arabic using â×n and qÁf (maâq×tÁ – مشقيتا). Such written tradition reflects old, historical circumstances. The settlement must have been founded by the ancient Assyrians, hence its name is of non-Arabic origin and it, in our opinion, must be related to the tribe of Mushks. In oral speech, the substitution of ‘Mashqita’ (maâq×tÁ) with ‘Maskhita’ (masÕ×tÁ) should be explained by the influence of spoken Arabic. In ancient times, namely, in the second millennium BC, Mushks were living in the well-watered lands of Upper Mesopotamia. Their migrations have been studied. Ivane Javakhishvili considered the ancestors of the Kartvelian tribes of Mushks and Tobals as the emigrants from Asia Minor in the pre-ancient period. It should be mentioned that the Mushks from Mesopotamia created a kingdom in Cappadocia. Their capital was named ‘Masakha’, which is associated with their patriarch, ‘Mosokh’ (Josephus Flavius). The tribal name ‘Mushk’ (muâk) is, in our opinion, also found in the name of the ancient city Damascus (in Arabic – dimaâq). In Aramaic, we have dammaâq, in ancient Hebrew dammeâeq. darmeâeq is recorded in the inscriptions of Qumran. The first member in dÁr meâeq – dÁr means dwelling, and the second member – meâeq, in our opinion, means the tribe of Mushks. Thus, dimaâq (دمشق) can be translated as the abode of Mushks. The presented etymology of Damascus is proposed for the first time based on a comparative analysis of the scientific literature