History Of Skin Diseases Research Articles

Skin disorders in women with poor obstetric history: MTHFR polymorphisms and importance of preconceptional counseling

Objectives This study focused on the link between skin disorders and Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) polymorphisms. Methods Study cases were taken from a pre-conceptional care program where patients with poor obstetric history were evaluated in terms of systemic disorders including skin diseases. This retrospective cohort (n = 472) consisted of 110 (23.3%) and 362 (76.7%) women with or without skin disorders, respectively. For ease of analysis, the history of skin diseases was classified into seven categories: (1) acne/rosacea/other acneiform disorders; (2) fungal disease; (3) pruritis/xerosis; (4) psoriasis vulgaris; (5) acrochordons and other benign skin growths; (6) urticaria/dermatitis; and (7) viral diseases. Results In this retrospective cohort of 472 women, we explored the impact of MTHFR A1298C and C677T polymorphisms on skin disorders. Despite similar allelic frequencies, our findings revealed a statistically significant association between the presence of MTHFR polymorphisms and skin disorders (p = .027). Subgroup analysis indicated significantly higher rates of MTHFR polymorphisms in patients with psoriasis vulgaris (p = .033) and acrochordons (p = .030), highlighting their potential relevance in specific skin disorder subtypes. Conclusions The increased prevalence of psoriasis and acrochordons among women with MTHFR deficiency underscores the complex relationship between genetic factors and dermatological health. Our findings emphasized the critical role of MTHFR polymorphisms not only in poor obstetric history but also as significant contributors to skin disorders. This dual association highlights the importance of comprehensive preconception counseling, especially customized for women affected by skin disorders.

Comparison of Risk Factors Use Personal Protection Equipment and Exposure to Sulphate Content with Irritant Contact Dermatitis in Car Washing Officers in Malang City

Background: Irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) is an occupational disease that involves non-immunological inflammatory mechanisms of the skin, resulting from a response to exposure to irritants, physical, or biological. ICD disease often occurs in car wash employees who are exposed to laundry soap containing sulfate. Most of the factors that cause ICD are the length of exposure to chemicals or from the workers themselves such as knowledge, use of personal protective equipment, and personal hygiene. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of using personal protective equipment (PPE) and exposure to sulfate content of car wash soap on the incidence of ICD in car wash employees in the city of Malang with and without a history of skin disease.
 Method: The research method uses an analytic observational research type with a cross sectional design. The samples studied were 84 respondents who were car wash employees in the city of Malang, both those who had a history of skin diseases (39 respondents) and those who did not have a history of skin diseases (45 respondents). Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate tests with SPSS application.
 Results: The results of the chi square test showed that there were significant differences in risk factors (p < 0.05) on the incidence of ICD.
 Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is there is an effect of the use of PPE and exposure to sulfate content on the incidence of ICD in car wash employees in the city of Malang with and without a history of skin diseases.

Effects of regular exercise on skin moisturizing function in adults.

Among lifestyle habits, the effect of exercise on skin moisturizing function has not been studied. Therefore, we aimed to clarify the effect of regular exercise on skin moisturizing function. The participants were 30-64 years old with no history of skin diseases and no exercise habits at the start of the study. The intervention group (n=9) continued to exercise at least 600 Mets/week for 8 weeks, while the control group (n=28) followed conventional lifestyle habits for 8 weeks. Questionnaires regarding lifestyle habits were administered at the beginning and after 8 weeks, and skin moisturizing function (stratum corneum hydration: SC hydration, Trans-Epidermal Water Loss: TEWL) was measured. Analysis of covariance was performed using sex, age, and measurements at the start of the study as covariates. Analysis of covariance showed that after 8 weeks of "moderate" or "higher" exercise, there was a trend toward higher SC hydration in the intervention group compared to that in the control group (p=0.083, η2=0.10). There was no difference in TEWL after 8 weeks (p=0.864, η2=0.00). These results suggest that regular exercise may help maintain and improve skin moisturizing function.

Descriptive Study of Contact Dermatitis to Sponge Production Workers in Esterindo Factory

Contact dermatitis is a major health problem of skin disease for workers who have a history contact with chemicals or irritants. This disease can usually be found in industry, plantations or agriculture. In 2020, from 27,000 workers resulted prevalence rate of dermatitis was around 9.8%. The aim of this study is to describe the incidence of contact dermatitis in sponge foam production workers at Esterindo factory on the last week of August until the first week of September, 2021. This research is a descriptive study with a method of cross-sectional study. TBased on the results, workers with contact dermatitis were 14 workers, 18,4%. The most common groups who got contact dermatitis were the age group of 40-49 years (31,8%), women (15,7%), pasting sponge group (33,3%), average working period in 2 years and a half month, in average 5 days of working and an average of 7 hours working in a day. The total workers who has contact dermatitis in Esterindo factory are 14 workers (18,4%). The incidence of contact dermatitis in Esterindo factory could be affected from discipline of workers in the use of personal protective equipment, characteristics of activities in each worker, medical history and history of skin diseases.

Skin lesions associated with personal protective equipment in medical workers during the COVID-19 pandemic

Aim. Analysis of the incidence of personal protective equipment (PPE)-associated dermatoses among medical workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.Materials and Methods. Screening of the papers indexed by PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, eLibrary, and UpToDate databases, written in English and published from January 1, 2020 to October, 2021. The search keywords were: "medical workers", "skin", "dermatoses", "professional", and "personal protective equipment" in combination with "COVID-19" and "SARS-CoV-2".Results. Occupational contact dermatitis is responsible for 20% of all cases of contact dermatitis which accounts for 90% of all skin disease cases. During the COVID-19 pandemic, from 42.8% to 97.0% of medical workers reported about skin lesions provoked by prolonged wearing of PPE in combination with regular disinfection. About 61.7% of them noted the deterioration of a pre-existing skin disease, and 90.5% reported the appearance of new skin lesion symptoms associated with the PPE usage. The most common symptoms of skin lesions among medical workers were dryness, itching, burning, soreness, and skin rash. Irritant and allergic contact dermatitis, acne, rosacea, and seborrheic dermatitis were the most prevalent skin disorders among the interviewed medical workers. Risk factors for the development of PPE-associated dermatoses were the type and material of PPE, the duration of PPE wearing, and past medical history of skin diseases. Due to the increased incidence of PPE-associated dermatoses among the medical staff, some countries have developed recommendations on the prevention and treatment of undesirable PPE-associated skin reactions in medical professionals. Current research are focused on developing special tools and devices that would serve as a protective barrier between the skin and PPE, ameliorating the damaging effect of the latter.Conclusion. PPE-associated dermatoses are currently widespread among the medical workers, highlighting the need in novel materials for PPE manufacturing to minimise the risk of developing PPE-associated skin lesions.

Consequences of Washing Hands To Protect Against Coronavirus (COVID- 19)

Background: Respiratory viruses like coronavirus disease (COVID-19) spread when mucus or dropletscontaining the virus get into your body through your eyes, nose or throat. Most often, this happens throughyour hands. Hands also are one among the foremost common ways in which the virus spreads from oneperson to subsequent. During a worldwide pandemic, one among the most cost-effective, easiest, and mostvital ways to stop the spread of an epidemic is to scrub your hands frequently with soap and water1. But theremay be mild to moderate skin reactions related to hand hygiene.Objective: To find out the consequences of repeated washing of hands to protect against coronavirus(COVID-19).Methods: 106 candidates were asked by questionnaire to fill 20 different questions related to time, duration,frequency and consequences of hand wash they are feeling.Result: The result of this study supports that 56% of people who are washing their hands at least 25-100times a day are suffering from skin dryness.Conclusion: study suggests that repeated or frequent washing of hands can cause dryness and crack skin ofhands even in individuals with no history of skin diseases

Factors Related to the Incidence of Contact Dermatitis In-Fisherman on the Spermonde Island

BACKGROUND: Many factors can influence the occurrence of dermatitis; this factor is divided into two, namely exogenous and endogenous factors. Fishermen are jobs that are susceptible to disease in dermatitis, especially contact dermatitis in the small island.
 AIM: This study aimed to determine the factors associated with the incidence of contact dermatitis in fishermen on the Spermonde islands.
 METHODS: This study was an observational analytic study using a cross-sectional design study. This research was conducted on Lae-Lae, Barrang Lompo, and Lumu-Lumu Island in 2019. Samples in this study were 110 fishermen obtained using Accidental sampling techniques. Data collection is using research instruments. 
 RESULTS: Data analysis performed was univariate and bivariate analysis with a Chi-square test. Based on the results of the study, the research variables related to factors affecting contact dermatitis in fishermen in the Spermonde Islands were a history of skin diseases (p = 0.000), use of PPE (p = 0.000), personal hygiene (p = 0.000), and working period (p = 0.003) while unrelated factors are age (p = 0.373).
 CONCLUSION: Fishermen should pay more attention to four factors, namely the history of skin diseases, the use of PPE, hygiene, and work period, to avoid contact dermatitis.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and Personal Determinants related to Dermatitis Contact in Tofu Industry Workers: Case study in Kuningan, Indonesia

Contact Dermatitis is reported as the most common occupational skin disease. Itis a pathological event in non-infectious skin that occurs because workers have contact with irritants or allergens. This study aimed to determine analysis Pesonal Protective Equipment and Personal Determinants associated with symptoms of contact dermatitis in tofu industry workers in Kuningan, Indonesia. This study was an observational analytic study with cross sectional design. The study was conducted in Kuningan District Indonesia in July 2019. Study population was all informal tofu industry workers in Kuningan District Indonesia with a total sample of 149 workers taken using proportionate stratified random sampling. The independent variables were use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), personal determinants (working periode, contact duration, personal hygiene practices, history of skin disease) and the dependent variable were symptoms of contact dermatitis. Interviewed and observation were done using structured questionnaires. Analysis of the data used was the Chi-square test using Prevalence Ratio (PR). The Result of this study showed that workers who experienced symptoms of contact dermatitis were 95 workers (63,8%). Data analysis obtained use of PPE (PR = 4.285; 95% CI = 2,097-8,757; p = 0.001) and personal determinants were working period (PR = 2,733; 95% CI = 1,364-5,436; p = 0.004), contact duration (PR = 2,322; 95% CI = 1,088-4,958; p = 0.027), personal hygiene (PR = 5,146; 95% CI = 2,488-10,645; p=0.001), history of skin diseases (PR = 3,518; 95% CI = 1,621-7,637; p = 0.001). There is a relationship between the use of PPE and personal determinants were working period, contact duration, personal hygiene, and history of skin disease with the symptoms of contact dermatitis among informal workers in the tofu industry in Kuningan District, Indonesia. Improvement on awareness as well as practices on personal hygiene and occupational health need to be concerned by related sectors.

THE INCIDENCE OF DERMATITIS IN FISHERMEN IN BONTANG CITY, EAST KALIMANTAN, INDONESIA

Background: Occupational skin diseases are the most common occupational diseases in many countries. Dermatitis has become one of the top 10 occupational diseases (PAK) based on the potential incidence, severity, and prevention ability. Fishermen are one of the oldest occupations and have a high risk of occupational accidents or occupational diseases, which one of the risks is dermatitis due to the exposure to sea water containing salt which is high enough to absorb the water from the skin.Objective: This study aims to determine the incidence of dermatitis, working duration, duration of exposure, history of skin diseases, use of personal protective equipment, and personal hygiene in the fishing communities in North Bontang.Methods: This study is an analytic observational study with a cross sectional study design. The population in this study was the fishing community in Loktuan Urban-Village, North Bontang. The samples were taken with the purposive sampling and a sample of 154 fishermen was obtained. The data were collected with a questionnaire that has been tested for the validity. The statistical analysis was conducted by Chi Square test with a significance level of 0.05.Results: The results showed that the history of skin diseases, the duration of exposure are related to the incidence of dermatitis in fishermen.Conclusion: Further research is needed to find out other risk factors that can cause dermatitis in fishermen.

FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN DERMATITIS KONTAK AKIBAT KERJA PADA PEKERJA PROYEK BANDARA

The incidence of contact dermatitis in Indonesia varies greatly and affects most workers. Epidemiological studied showed the incidence of Occupational Contact Dermatitis (OCD) was 0.5–1.9 cases/1000 workers/year. Aircarft Filling Depot Project at Juanda Airport is a construction project that is working on hydrant system and topping up development. This study was aimed at identifying risk factors of OCD among the project workers. A cross sectional design was used on 47 workers whom randomly selected during period May-June 2017. Data was collected using a questionnaire with the researcher’s guide. Occupational Contact Dermatitis is diagnosed by general practitioner that located in Naval Hospital (RUMKITAL) dr. Soekantyo Jahja Surabaya. Occupational contact dermatitis risk factors were analyzed using Chi-square test, followed by multiple logistic regression test. Of 47 workers, 21 (43.8%) experienced OCD. The use of personal protective equipment (PPE), duration of contact, personal hygiene, and history of skin diseases were associated with OCD (p < 0.01), whereas the type of work was not related to OCD (p = 0.491). The most dominant factor causing OCD was personal hygiene (OR = 9.659), followed by duration of contact (OR = 8.576), and history of skin disease (OR = 3.420). In conclusion, factors of use of PPE, length of contact, personal hygiene, and history of skin relationship with DKAK, while the type of work is not related to DKAKKeywords: aircraft filling depots project, occupational contact dermatitis, risk factor

Occupational Irritan Contact Dermatitis Among Shipyard Workers in Samarinda, Indonesia

Occupational irritant contact dermatitis (OICD) is still a occupational health problem. Shipyard workers are susceptible to OICD. A cross sectional study was conducted on 32 samples of shipyard workers in Samarinda to analyze the prevalence of OICD and related factors. The dependent variable is OICD, while independent variable consists of age, length of service, length of contact, history of skin diseases, personal hygene and personal protective equipment. Data collection through interview and direct observation, data analysis using Phi test and multiple logistic regression. All respondents had OICD and significantly correlated with working period (p = 0.001), history of skin disease (p = 0.004), personal hygene (p = 0.003) and use of PPE (p = 0.05). History of skin disease (B = 1.116) and use of PPE (B = 1.053) are most dominant variables. Personal hygiene improvements, tightening monitoring of use of PPE and improving occupational health efforts have been suggested.

Skin Irritation during Video-EEG Monitoring

ABSTRACTObjectives. Video-EEG (VEEG) monitoring, indicated to characterize and diagnose seizures, is recorded over several days with electrodes glued to the patient’s scalp. Our investigation was designed to determine the incidence of electrode-related skin irritation during VEEG in the epilepsy monitoring unit (EMU) and implement a series of interventions to reduce the incidence of moderate to severe irritation.Methods. Between May 2012 and March 2015, EMU patients were assessed for skin lesions before electrode placement and at discharge. Prospectively gathered demographic data included: age, gender, race/ethnicity, length of monitoring (LOM), skin prep medium (SPM) used, self-reported skin sensitivity, history of skin diseases, and skin products used on the day of admission. When present, electrode-related skin irritation was graded as mild, moderate, or severe. Data were collected before any intervention (baseline-group) and thereafter with each intervention: standardization (single SPM, raising awareness, monitoring for electrode-related discomfort); face washing; applying skin barrier; replacing tape with gauze; and using disposable electrodes.Results. Data from 861 patients were analyzed (104-146 per group). At baseline, any skin irritation occurred in 27.3% of patients; it was moderate or severe in 19.1%. LOM ≥4 days and electrode position on facial skin were associated with significantly higher risk. All interventions reduced rates of skin irritation, but only the standardization intervention was statistically significant.Conclusions. During VEEG admissions, electrode-related skin irritation occurred in about one-third of patients; it was moderate to severe in one-fifth. A standardized care process with regular monitoring for discomfort led to significant improvement in the rate of irritation.

Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Skin Diseases Among Army Personnel and Flood Victims During the 2011 Floods in Thailand.

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for skin problems among flood victims and army personnel during the 2011 floods in Thailand. To determine the prevalence of and risk factors for skin symptoms, standardized questionnaires were used to collect demographic data, current skin symptoms, history of water exposure, and sanitary behaviors. A certified dermatologist evaluated those who presented with skin problems and provided diagnoses. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess independent risk factors for skin symptoms. The most prevalent skin disease was irritant contact dermatitis. Flood victims showed a higher prevalence of skin symptoms compared with army personnel. Development of skin symptoms after exposure to floodwater was also observed earlier among flood victims. Having a history of skin diseases and delayed skin cleaning after exposure were also significant risk factors for the development of skin symptoms. This information might be used as guidelines for protecting military personnel and to educate the general public regarding flood disaster management. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:570-575).

The influence of sun exposure on the DNA methylation status of MMP9, miR-137, KRT14 and KRT19 genes in human skin.

Studies have shown that a variety of environmental factors and habits are associated with epigenetic changes. In addition, various genes are also found to respond to UV radiation. The aim of this study was to investigate the sun exposure influence on the DNA methylation profile on the matrix metalloprotease-9 (MMP9), microRNA 137 (miR-137), cytokeratin 14 (KRT14) and 19 (KRT19) genes of skin cells of subjects with no history of skin diseases. Skin biopsies (5mm) were obtained using a punch technique on sun-exposed (outer forearm) and sun-protected areas (inner arm) from 30 corpses from the Brazilian Service of Death Investigation. Skin types were ranked according to Fitzpatrick's criteria. Genomic DNA was extracted and a DNA methylation analysis was performed using Methylation Specific PCR (MSP) or Methylation-Sensitive Restriction Enzymes (MSRE) of sun-exposed and sun-protected skin areas. No differences were found among the areas (p>0.05; McNemar), with the partially methylated condition found to be a common event in skin for both MMP9 and miR-137 genes and the methylated condition for both KRT14 and KRT19 genes. Additional analysis showed no differences in the methylation status when age, gender and skin type were considered, however, the methylation status of miR-137 gene seems to be gender-related. We conclude that sun exposure does not induce changes in the DNA methylation status in MMP9, miR-137, KRT14 and KRT19 genes.

Clinico-etiological study of 30 erythroderma cases from tertiary center in South India

Background:Erythroderma is a morphological reaction pattern of skin having many underlying causes and finding the etiology helps in the proper management of erythroderma cases.Aim:To evaluate the clinical profile, etiology of erythroderma and to correlate clinical diagnosis with histopathology.Materials and Methods:This study was performed at the department of dermatology, Father Muller Medical College and Hospital, Mangalore, South India. We studied 30 consecutive cases of erythroderma with respect to the epidemiological, clinical and histological data. Clinico-histological correlation was analyzed for etiology of erythroderma.Results:The mean age of onset was 52.3 years with a male to female ratio of 14:1. In addition to erythroderma, other co-existent features included pruritus, fever, lymphadenopathy, and edema. Of the pre-existing dermatoses, psoriasis was the most common (33.3%) disease followed by eczema (20%), atopic dermatitis (6.6%), pityriasis rubra pilaris (3.3%) and drug-induced erythroderma (16.6%). In 16.6% of cases, etiology could not be ascertained. Clinico-histopathological correlation could be established in 73.3% of cases.Conclusion:Clinical features were identical irrespective of etiology. Detailed clinico-histopathological examination helps to establish the etiology of erythroderma.

Self‐declared sensitive skin in China: a community‐based study in three top metropolises

To investigate the prevalence and the factors related to the sensitive skin in China. A community-based study was undertaken in three major cities in China, Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, from November 2009 to January 2010. The participants in the study were screened by cluster sampling, and were investigated by interview at their own homes. A questionnaire, including skin sensitivity, the occurrence of burning, prickling or irritating sensations correlated with the factors, history of skin diseases and skin types, was given to each participant aged over 15 years. Totally 9154 questionnaires were completed (3931 men and 5223 women). The mean prevalence of very sensitive and sensitive skin in three cities was 13% (17.12% in Beijing, 9.10% in Shanghai and 22.39% in Guangzhou.) The mean prevalence was 8.62% in men and 15.93% in women, with significant difference between men and women in three selected cities (P < 0.001). The total prevalence of very sensitive and sensitive skin was 16.44% in <25 years group, 14.14% in 25-49 years group and 9.73% in ≥50 years group. Moreover, 18.54% of participants claimed with dry skin, 16.70% with greasy skin and 8.04% with normal skin claimed to have the symptoms of sensitive skin. The prevalence of sensitive skin in the three cities of China is much lower than that in Europe and the United States. There was significant difference of the prevalence of sensitive skin among three cities located in different climatic and latitude regions and between men and women. The prevalence gradually decreased with the increasing age. The skin sensitivity was associated to the positive history of atopic dermatitis.

A Patient With Ulcerative Colitis and an Unusual Rash

Question: A 28-year-old man was admitted to hospital with ulcerative colitis diagnosed endoscopically and histologically 4 months earlier. He had suffered from a skin eruption, which appeared shortly after the diagnosis of colitis during mesalamine therapy and was first thought to be an allergic reaction. He had no history of skin diseases or allergy and he used no other medication. Mesalamine therapy was discontinued and oral corticosteroids were introduced with a rapid disappearance of the rash. Later, however, the skin lesions reappeared and were responsive only to high doses of oral corticosteroids. The patient was intolerant to azathioprine (elevated liver enzymes). He had bloody diarrhea 6 times per day. His skin was notable for multiple flat, multiform, purpuric target-like patches throughout his trunk and loins (Figures A and B). Colonoscopy showed a moderately active extensive ulcerative colitis. What is the diagnosis of the skin eruption and how would you treat this patient?

Higher Prevalence of Dry Symptoms in Skin, Eyes, Nose and Throat among Workers in Clean Rooms with Moderate Humidity

To determine whether working under relative humidity (RH) around 55 +/- 5% may lead to dry symptoms among workers in tropical regions. We recruited 3,154 Taiwanese workers who had no history of skin diseases and compared dry symptoms between clean room workers (RH around 55 +/- 5%) and other workers (RH around 65 +/- 5%). Clean room workers had higher prevalences of dry symptoms of the eye (odds ratio [OR]=1.62, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.40 to 1.86), nose and throat (OR=2.15, 95% CI: 1.66 to 2.79), and skin (OR=1.46, 95% CI: 1.23 to 1.73). In clean room workers, however, dry skin symptoms affected the palms (OR=1.72, 95% CI: 1.24 to 2.39), which are covered by gloves, more frequently than the face (OR=0.65, 95% CI: 0.45 to 0.94), which is exposed to the room air. We found working in clean rooms (adjusted OR [AOR]=1.38, 95% CI: 1.08 to 1.77), 24 to 30 yr of age (AOR=0.78, 95% CI: 0.62 to 0.99), family history of atopic diseases (AOR=1.75, 95% CI: 1.37 to 2.25), and skin moisturizer use (AOR=1.64, 95% CI: 1.30 to 2.06) were independent predictors of skin symptoms. In addition, working in clean rooms was an independent predictor of dry eye (AOR=1.30, 95% CI: 1.06 to 1.60) and dry nose and throat (AOR=1.70, 95% CI: 1.28 to 2.26) symptoms. Whereas the humidity in such working environments is not very low, for workers living in a high humidity environment, the relatively low humidity may still cause dry symptoms of the eye, nose, and throat.

Multiple Acrokeratotic Papules

We present the case of a 58-year-old man, with no past history of interest, who was seen for skin lesions on the dorsum of the hands and feet, the legs, and the forearms. The lesions had been present for approximately 20 years and were completely asymptomatic; they became more prominent in the summer, due to pigmentation of the surrounding skin. Their number and the area affected had increased in recent years. There was no history of skin diseases in the patient’s family.

IFN-α Enhances Poly-IC Responses in Human Keratinocytes by Inducing Expression of Cytosolic Innate RNA Receptors: Relevance for Psoriasis

Keratinocytes play a key role in innate immune responses of the skin to bacterial and viral pathogens. Viral double-stranded RNA and its synthetic analogue polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid (poly-IC) are recognized via multiple pathways involving the receptors Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), protein kinase R (PKR), and the recently described cytosolic RNA helicases retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5). We show that preincubation of human keratinocytes with IFN-alpha enhances the proinflammatory responses to poly-IC. Kinetic studies suggest that this is mediated via upregulation of the receptors TLR3, PKR, RIG-I, and MDA5. Interestingly, expression of RIG-I, MDA5, and PKR was significantly increased in lesional skin from patients with psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory skin disease that is characterized by high IFN-alpha levels. These results suggest that psoriatic keratinocytes show increased sensitivity to viral RNA intermediates, thereby leading to excessive proinflammatory responses and maintenance of the inflammatory skin phenotype. Here, we provide early evidence that point toward a role for the recently described cytosolic innate RNA receptors in non-viral chronic inflammatory diseases.