History Of Self-mutilation Research Articles

Factors associated with suicidal ideation among medical residents in Tehran during the COVID-19 pandemic: A multicentric cross-sectional survey.

The mental health of medical residents, challenged by their intensive training, is of utmost concern. In light of reported suicides among Iranian medical residents in 2021, this study investigates the factors behind suicidal ideation among medical residents during the COVID-19 pandemic in Tehran. This study conducted a cross-sectional online survey among medical residents in various specialties in Tehran, Iran, amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Suicidal ideation was assessed using the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSSI), while depression, anxiety, and stress were measured using the DASS-21. It also collected demographic and clinical data from the participants. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Chi-square test, and multiple linear regression to examine the prevalence and determinants of suicidal ideation among medical residents. The study enrolled 353 medical residents and found that 34.3% of them had suicidal ideation, with 10.2% indicating a high risk. The study also found high levels of depression, anxiety, and stress among the participants. The variables that significantly predicted suicidal ideation were depression, history of alcohol/substance use, personal history of suicide attempts, history of self-mutilation, family history of suicide attempts, number of shifts in a month, death of close persons because of COVID-19, and income. Depression was the strongest predictor of suicidal ideation. These findings underscore the urgent need for effective interventions and support systems to address the mental health needs of medical residents in Iran. The strategies should prioritize destigmatizing mental health, promoting access to mental health services, fostering a supportive training environment, and enhancing income opportunities.

Investigating the lived experience of adolescents with a history of self-mutilation

Investigating the lived experience of adolescents with a history of self-mutilation

Investigating the lived experience of adolescents with a history of self-mutilation

Background and Aim: The ups and downs of puberty are the passage from childhood to adulthood and are sometimes associated with contradictions and aggression. Self-harm can be mentioned as one of the abnormal behaviors of this period; And because of its harmful nature, it's important to study in this area. Self-mutilation can be defined as intentional injury to the body without the purpose of suicide. In general, the present study sought to examine the lived experience of adolescents with a history of self-harm, It was done in detail with the aim of examining the emotional, cognitive, psychological experiences, physical injuries and family factors affecting adolescents' self-mutilation.The study population included all adolescents aged 12-18 years in Kerman who had attempted suicide in 2021. Methods: The sampling method was purpose-based. And the criterion for entering the sample was to have at least one history of self-harm. This research has studied the lived experience of adolescents with a history of self-harm with a phenomenological method and a thematic approach, and the research data have been analyzed using a descriptive (Klaizi) phenomenological method. Results: After conducting ten interviews, the research was saturated and 49 primary concept codes were extracted, which represented the lived experience of adolescents with a history of self-harm; Then, similar and close concepts were placed in 15 major classes and 5 main categories,which are: 1- Individual characteristics (extraversion, Neuroticism, openness to experience) 2- Effective family factors (family, living environment) 3- maturity-related characteristics (cognitive characteristics, emotional characteristics) 4- Clinical disorders (behavior, mood disorders, intermittent explosive disorders, anxiety disorders and clinical pattern of personality) 5- Emotions related to self-harm (feeling before committing suicide, feeling after committing suicide). Conclusion: self-harming behavior has different functions for each person and recognizing these functions can help therapists in diagnosing treatment and how to deal with people with the disease. Some of these functions are: emotion regulation, Escape from suicide, Draw attention, ask grith, show courage, escape from routine life

Heterotopic ossifications and Charcot joints: Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (CIPA) and a novel NTRK1 gene mutation

Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (CIPA), also known as hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type IV (HSAN-IV), is a rare and severe autosomal recessive disorder. We report on an adult female patient whose clinical findings during childhood were not recognized as CIPA. There was neither complete anhidrosis nor a recognizable sensitivity to heat. Tumorlike swellings of many joints and skeletal signs of Charcot neuropathy developed in adolescence which, together with a history of self-mutilation, led to a clinical suspicion of CIPA confirmed by identification of a novel homozygous variant c.1795G > T in the NTRK1 gene in blood lymphocytes. Both parents were heterozygous for the mutation. The variant predicts a premature stop codon (p.Gly599Ter) and thus represents a pathogenic variant; the first reported in the Southeastern European population.

L-Tryptophan as an antidepressive agent in the management of treatment-resistant unipolar depression in borderline personality disorder: Three case reports

A narrative of three case reports is used to illustrate the use of l-tryptophan as an adjuvant and stand-alone antidepressive agent in treatment-resistant unipolar depression with comorbidity of borderline personality disorder and a history of self-mutilation and suicide attempts. Rationale, results and some general observations as to effectiveness, tolerability and safety of this therapy are presented.

195: Substance Use Profile of Adolescents Entering Quebec Youth Protection Centers

Every year between 4000 and 5000 adolescents are placed in Quebec Youth Protection Centers (YPCs). Many of these adolescents use psychotropic substances that impact their mental and physical well-being. To document the prevalence of tobacco, alcohol and drug use among youth residing in YPCs and to identify factors associated with problematic substance use (PSU) among these adolescents. Between July 2008 and May 2009, adolescents aged 14 to 17 and living in six YPCs across Quebec were recruited on a volunteer basis to participate in a second generation surveillance study on risk behaviours and prevalence of sexually transmitted infections. Data on socio-demographics, substance use and sexual risk behaviours, and certain associated health conditions were obtained by questionnaire during structured, face-to-face interviews. Analyses were carried out on the profiles of participants identified with PSU (measured using the standardized “DEP-ADO” screening tool). Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify correlates of PSU. Of the 578 participants interviewed, 499 youth who had been living in YPCs for less than two years were kept in the analyses to improve reliability of data collected for the year prior to admission (59% boys; median age: boys, 16; girls, 15). During that year, the prevalence of regular substance use (3× weekly and +) was: tobacco, 75%; alcohol, 24%; cannabis, 63%; amphetamines, 17%; and cocaine, 4%. Almost one-third of girls (31%) and one-fifth of boys (21%) reported a first episode of regular use of alcohol before 14 years of age, while 50% of girls and 41% of boys reported a first episode of regular drug use before that age. PSU, measured by “DEP-ADO” and indicating a need for specialized professional intervention, was documented for 58% of girls and 63% of boys. Only 18% of these youth had received therapy for their problematic consumption. In multivariate analysis, factors associated with adolescent PSU were daily use of cigarettes (AOR 6.40 [95% CI 3.90 to 10.48]); precocious use of alcohol (3.99 [95% CI 2.41 to 6.62]); family history of problematic substance use (2.37 [95% CI 1.32 to 4.25]); having at least six sexual partners (lifetime) (3.26 [95% CI 2.00 to 5.31]); and a history of self-mutilation (lifetime) (1.88 [95% CI 2.11 to 3.16]). Substance use is prevalent among adolescents entering YPCs and certain factors are associated with problematic use. Youth with these risk factors merit early and on-going substance use screening by health professionals. Timely detection and referral of adolescents with PSU for therapy may help prevent associated health consequences and decrease their risks of developing life-long dependencies.

Comparisons of Prisoners Who Make or Do Not Make Suicide Attempts and Further Who Make One or Multiple Attempts

Suicidal behavior among prisoners is a major problem. The objective of this study was to compare prisoners who have made an attempt at suicide vs non-attempters and further to compare single vs multiple suicide attempts. Among 1,537 prisoners, 200 (13%) had a lifetime history of attempting suicide and 92 (6%) had made multiple attempts. Those who had made multiple or single attempts were compared on socio-demographic, developmental, personality, forensic, and psychiatric variables. In a re-analysis we also compared non-attempters with attempters in this larger sample. The comparison showed that prisoners who had made multiple attempts had experienced significantly more childhood trauma, were more introverted, less resilient, had a history of self-mutilation, and had more suicidal ideation. Anger and hostility scores and criminal and violence histories significantly differentiated prisoners who had attempted from those who had never attempted but they did not differentiate multiple from single attempters. Having a history of multiple attempts may be indicative of more severe psychopathology in prisoners, as found in other populations. These findings may be helpful in predicting which prisoner is at increased risk of exhibiting suicidal behavior while incarcerated and after release.

Yatarak Tedavi Gören Alkol Bağımlılarında Kendini Yaralama Davranışı ve Özkıyım Girişimi Öyküsü ile İlişkili Savunma Biçimleri / Defense Styles That Are Related With History Of Self-Mutilation And Suicide Attempt In Alcohol Dependent Inpatients

Defense styles that are related with history of self-mutilation and suicide attempt in alcohol dependent inpatients Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of defense styles with history of selfmutilation (SM) and suicide attempt (SA) in alcohol dependent inpatients. Method: Participants were consecutively admitted 118 male alcohol dependent inpatients. Patients were investigated with the Self-Mutilative Behavior Questionnaire (SMBQ) and the Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ). Results: Acting-out was higher in alcohol dependent patients with a history of SM (n=53, 44.92%) and predicted SM in this group, together with being younger. On the other hand, sublimation, anticipation and suppression (and total mature defense style score) were lower in alcohol dependent patients with suicide attempt history (n=31, 28.44%), but only low anticipation predicted suicide attempt history in this group together with being younger. Conclusion: These results show that to reduce self-mutilative behaviors and SAs among young alcohol dependent inpatients, therapies should focus on increasing the use of mature defense styles and decreasing the use of immature defense styles.

Self-harm in prisoners.

IntroductionSelf-harm is a direct, socially unacceptable,repetitive behavior that causes minor to moderate physical injury without suicidal intent. It is also a significant and growing concern among prison inmates, although it has been rarely studied. In the present study, we aimed to investigate demographic, psychosocial, and clinical variables associated to this critical bahaviour in a high risk sample of 1,555 male prisoners. Prisoners were interviewed about their history of self-mutilation, psychiatric history,and forensic history. The prisoners completed the Barratt Impulsivity Scale, Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Eighteen percent of prisoners had a history of self-harm. They more frequently reported childhood traumas, were more likely to be unmarried, previously imprisoned, tested positive for substance abuse, had a history of suicide attempt, and more likely showed violent tendencies.DiscussionSelf-harm among prisoners is common, being found in almost 20% of the subjects in our sample. Self-mutilation among prisoners appears to be multi-factorial with developmental, socio-demographic, psychiatric, and personality determinants. Self-harm is associated with critical behaviors such as violence, substance abuse and suicide attempts, which represent major critical problems in contention environments.

Self‐Mutilation and Coping Strategies in a College Sample

The goal of this study was to examine the use of specific coping strategies among self-mutilating college students. The self-mutilating group (n = 44) reported utilizing avoidance strategies more often than did a control group (n = 44) matched for general psychological distress but with no history of self-mutilation. In addition, female, but not male, self-mutilators endorsed using problem-solving and social support seeking strategies less often than nonmutilators. These findings suggest that coping strategies in general and avoidance-based strategies in particular may be important targets for the treatment of self-mutilative behaviors.

Genetic, Developmental and Personality Correlates of Self-Mutilation in Depressed Patients

To examine whether the T allele of G protein beta3 (GNbeta3) is associated with self-mutilation in depressed patients. A history of self-mutilation was systematically inquired about when recruiting depressed patients for a long-term treatment trial. Risk factors such as borderline personality disorder and childhood abuse experiences were systematically assessed, and patients were genotyped for polymorphisms of GNbeta3. The T allele of GNbeta3, borderline personality disorder and childhood sexual abuse were all significantly associated with self-mutilation in depressed patients. These associations were significant in both univariate and multivariate analyses, and as predicted were stronger in young depressed patients than in depressed patients of all ages. If the association between the T allele of GNbeta3 and self-mutilation can be replicated, this may provide clues to understanding the neurobiology of self-mutilation.

Reported Childhood Onset of Self-Mutilation Among Borderline Patients

The purpose of this study was to determine the percentage of borderline patients who first engaged in self-mutilation as children and to compare the parameters of their self-harm to those of borderline patients who first harmed themselves at an older age. Two hundred and ninety inpatients meeting both Revised Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines (DIB-R; Zanarini, Gunderson, Frankenburg, & Chauncey, 1989) and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed. ref.) (DSM-III-R; APA, 1987) criteria for borderline personality disorder were interviewed about their history of self-mutilation. Of the 91% with a history of self mutilation, 32.8% reported first harming themselves as children (12 years of age or younger), 30.2% as adolescents (13-17 years of age), and 37% as adults (18 or older). Using logistic regression analyses and controlling for baseline age, it was found that those with a childhood onset reported more episodes of self-harm, a longer duration of self-harm, and a greater number of methods of self-harm than either those with an adolescent or adult onset to their self-mutilation. The results of this study suggest that a sizable minority of borderline patients first engage in self-harm as children and that the course of their self-mutilation may be particularly malignant.

P.1.164 Mood disorders and antidepressant treatment of prisoners with a history of self-mutilation

RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular phenomenon, aspects of which still remain partially unknown. Nevertheless, beyond its function in cellular defense or control of development, RNAi provides a powerful tool for the study of gene function and target validation. Here, we review some of the key technologies that have allowed RNAi to be used ‘in vitro’ and ‘in vivo’. We summarize their main advantages and disadvantages, in the hope of creating a basic guideline for scientists needing to introduce RNAi as a tool for basic research.

Serotonergic function and self-injurious behavior in personality disorder patients

Self-directed aggression, whether in the form of non-suicidal self-mutilation or suicidal behavior, is a prominent feature of personality disorders. We hypothesized that self-injurious behavior, like suicidal behavior, represents a form of self-directed aggression, and may, like suicidal behavior and impulsive aggression, be associated with a decrease in central serotonin function in personality disorder patients. Ninety-seven patients with DSM-III personal ity disorder underwent d,l-fenfluramine challenge as an assessment of serotonergic activity. Patients with a history of self-mutilation or suicide had blunted prolactin and cortisol responses to d,l-fenfluramine compared to those with neither, and those with both had the most blunted responses to fenfluramine. These data raise the possibility that the central 5-HT abnormality, previously associated with suicidal behavior, may be associated with self-directed violence and not necessarily specifically with suicidal intent.

Self-Mutilation and the Chronically Suicidal Patient: An Examination of the Frequent Visitor to the Psychiatric Emergency Room

AbstractA retrospective chart review examined the records of all patients (n = 1580) seen in the emergency mental health service at a major teaching hospital during the time period June 30, 1985, through July 1, 1986. Twenty-four chronically “suicidal” patients were identified. Suicidality and chronicity were operationally defined as four or more visits, in which “suicidal” behavior was the primary presenting problem during the index year. The diagnostic and demographic characteristics of these patients were compared to a matched “nonsuicidal” control group of chronic emergency room visitors. Nineteen out of the 24 chronically “suicidal” patients had a history of self-mutilation, whereas none of the control group had any mention of self-mutilation or suicidal behavior in their charts (x2 = 26.42, df = 1, p < 0.01). These 24 “suicidal” patients, who comprised a little more than 1% of the patients seen that year in the psychiatric emergency service, accounted for over 12% of all psychiatric emergency room v...

Deliberate self-harm, clinical history and extreme scoring on the EPQ

Abstract Two hundred consecutive admissions to an inpatient psychiatric unit were assessed on the EPQ following recovery from the disturbance for which they were hospitalized. Case-history data was also checked for these patients and extended by using a clinical-history structured interview, also administered within 1 week of discharge. Results showed that for males, high P and high N was associated with a history of deliberate self-harm (DSH) by mutilation. High N was also associated with parental violence. In females, both low E and high N were associated with a history of self-mutilation. High N scores were also more likely to have appeared in court, and high P females were more likely to have a history of bedwetting and of parental violence. None of the associations between extreme scoring on the EPQ and self-mutilation were found for DSH by overdose.