Previous History Of Back Pain Research Articles

A Study of Frequency of Low Backache in Pregnant Women

Objective: To find the frequency of backache in our pregnant women and factors increasing the risk of low backache in pregnancy.
 Study Design: Prospective longitudinal study.
 Place and Duration of Study: Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Avicenna Medical College, Lahore Pakistan, from Jan 2018 to Dec 2019.
 Methodology: We included 247 consecutive women between 18 and 45 years of age and between 16 and 35 weeks of a single pregnancy. These were evaluated for low backache. Women with comorbid conditions and multiple fetuses who needed elective caesarian sections were excluded.
 Results: Mean age of the pregnant women in our study was 27 ± 3.7 years, with an age range of 18 to 45 years. 197 (80.1%) complained about low back pain during their pregnancy, and 75 (30.3%) had a previous history of back pain when not pregnant. Back pain was present in 47 (19.02%) 6 months postpartum. The risk factors present were higher weight gain in 75 (30 %), age >35 years in 62 (25 %), low haemoglobin 38 (15%) and poor socio-economic condition 25 (10.1%).
 Conclusion: Low back pain is common in pregnancy and is a less addressed issue of pregnant women. Many factors responsible for low backache in pregnant women were identified. Analgesics and increased physical activity are the main treatment and prevention options.

A Yoga programme approaches for pregnancy-related low back and pelvic pain

Background : One of the most common discomforts during pregnancy is relating to low back and pelvic pain. Predisposing factors include uterine growth that causes posture changes, weight gain, the influence of relaxin hormone on ligaments, previous history of back pain, parity and activity. The exercise that helps pregnant women get a power to facilitate the delivery process by a Yoga programme approaches. Purpose : To determine the effect of a Yoga programme approaches for pregnancy-related low back and pelvic pain Method : A quantitative research method. The study population was third trimester pregnancy, taken by purposive sampling technique, and got a sample of 22 participants and Questionnaire used as the research instrument test. The analysis technique used in this research is descriptive quantitative. Results: Finding that the average score of low back and pelvic pain before a Yoga programme (pre test) was 3.73 (moderate pain) with a standard deviation of 1.38. The average score after intervention at the post-test stage was 1.14 (mild pain) with a standard deviation of 0.94. (p value = 0.000 <0.05). Conclusion: There is an effect of a Yoga programme approaches for pregnancy-related low back and pelvic pain in third trimester pregnancy

Burden of pelvic girdle pain during pregnancy among women\xa0attending ante-natal clinic, Ethiopia:a cross-sectional study

BackgroundPelvic girdle pain (PGP) is a commonly reported maternal morbidity that negatively impacts the well-being of women during pregnancy and extends long term into the post-partum period. The burden of maternal morbidity; including pregnancy-related PGP; has been overlooked in Ethiopia to date. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and identify factors associated with pelvic girdle pain during pregnancy in North West Ethiopia.MethodsA hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant women visiting the antenatal care clinic in Obstetrics ‘outpatient department at the University of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital in Gondar. Data were collected by interview method using structured questionnaires, patient medical record reviews, and physical measurements. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression model analyses were used to identify factors associated with PGP.ResultsA total of 424 participants with gestational ages ranging from 6 to 39 weeks participated in this study. The age of the study participants ranged from 18 to 44 years with a mean age of (27 ± 4.6 years). The overall cumulative prevalence of pelvic girdle pain among pregnant women was 103 (24.3%),95% CI (20.3, 28.8). The major associated factors with pelvic girdle pain were previous history of pelvic girdle pain (AOR 16.08; 95% CI, 8.47–30.51), previous history of back pain (AOR 1.66; 95% CI, 1.5–4.24) and having children (AOR 1.42; 95% CI, 1.29–3.76).ConclusionOne-quarter of pregnant Ethiopian women reported pelvic girdle pain. PGP must be considered as major pregnancy-related morbidity, and progress in the intervention of PGP is vital to enhance the quality of life in this population.

Risk Factors Associated With Low Back Pain in Golfers: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Context:Low back pain is common in golfers. The risk factors for golf-related low back pain are unclear but may include individual demographic, anthropometric, and practice factors as well as movement characteristics of the golf swing.Objective:The aims of this systematic review were to summarize and synthesize evidence for factors associated with low back pain in recreational and professional golfers.Data Sources:A systematic literature search was conducted using the PubMed, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus electronic databases through September 2017.Study Selection:Studies were included if they quantified demographic, anthropometric, biomechanical, or practice variables in individuals with and without golf-related low back pain.Study Design:Systematic review and meta-analysis.Level of Evidence:Level 3.Data Extraction:Studies were independently reviewed for inclusion by 2 authors, and the following data were extracted: characterization of low back pain, participant demographics, anthropometrics, biomechanics, strength/flexibility, and practice characteristics. The methodological quality of studies was appraised by 3 authors using a previously published checklist. Where possible, individual and pooled effect sizes of select variables of interest were calculated for differences between golfers with and without pain.Results:The search retrieved 73 articles, 19 of which met the inclusion criteria (12 case-control studies, 5 cross-sectional studies, and 2 prospective longitudinal studies). Methodological quality scores ranged from 12.5% to 100.0%. Pooled analyses demonstrated a significant association between increased age and body mass and golf-related low back pain in cross-sectional/case-control studies. Prospective data indicated that previous history of back pain predicts future episodes of pain.Conclusion:Individual demographic and anthropometric characteristics may be associated with low back pain, but this does not support a relationship between swing characteristics and the development of golf-related pain. Additional high-quality prospective studies are needed to clarify risk factors for back pain in golfers.

Back pain in pregnancy among office workers: risk factors and its impact on quality of life.

Background Back pain is a common presenting complaint during pregnancy and it is often being considered as part of the pregnancy process. The purpose of the study is to investigate the prevalence of back pain in pregnancy, risk factors and its impact on the quality of life in pregnant women. Materials and methods Three hundred and fifty-eight pregnant women who attended the antenatal clinic in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) Medical Centre were recruited in this cross-sectional study from October 2011 until April 2012. The back pain was further classified into lumbar pain and posterior pelvic pain. The severity of back pain was assessed using visual analoque scale (VAS) and the functional limitation was assessed using the Oswestry Disability Questionnaire (ODQ). Result The prevalence of back pain in pregnancy was 84.6%. Occupation and previous history of back pain were associated with back pain in pregnancy. In terms of functional limitation disability, total ODQ score was statistically significant correlate with severity of pain (VAS score). Personal care, sitting, standing, sex life and social life were significantly affected. Conclusion The risk factors for back pain in pregnancy were type of occupation and history of back pain. The higher VAS score, the more ODQ will be affected. Personal care, sitting, standing, sex life and social life were significantly affected.

Liquid Crystal Thermography&lt;subtitle&gt;A New Tool for Evaluating Low Back Pain&lt;/subtitle&gt;

Liquid crystal thermography was used to determine low back skin temperature patterns in 62 patients hospitalized for low back pain and 22 college volunteers with no previous history of back pain. The patients were separated into four groups according to their diagnoses at discharge: patients with 1) degenerative discogenic lesions, 2) acquired lesions, 3) congenital and developmental lesions, 4) back pain resulting from unknown causes. No significant differences were found between the average equilibrated thermogram temperatures of the control subjects (32.4 ± 0.5°C) and patient groups. However, the temperature gradients found on the thermograms of patients with discogenic lesions (3.1 ± 0.6°C) and acquired lesions (3.1 ± 1.0°C) were significantly greater (p < .05) than those of the pain-free subjects (2.5 ± 0.5°C). Tenderness to palpation was associated with elevated skin temperatures in 80 percent of the patients studied. This study suggests that liquid crystal thermography may be a potentially useful tool for localizing soft tissue trauma in patients with low back pain.

The Nordic maintenance care program: what are the indications for maintenance care in patients with low back pain? A survey of the members of the Danish Chiropractors' Association

BackgroundMaintenance care (MC) is relatively commonly used among chiropractors. However, factual information is needed on its indications for use.ObjectivesThis study had two objectives: 1) to describe which role patients' past history and treatment outcome play in chiropractors' decision to use MC in patients with low back pain, 2) to investigate if the chiropractors' clinical/educational background has an effect on the frequency of using MC and their indications for use of MC.MethodAn anonymous questionnaire was sent to all 413 chiropractors practising in Denmark. Its main part consisted of 3 sets of 4 questions relating to one basic case of low back pain. For each case, the chiropractors were asked if they would use MC as they self-defined the term (no/perhaps/yes). There were questions also on gender, age, educational and clinical background, and on the number of MC patients seen by these chiropractors. Their decision to recommend MC was reported. Associations between the demographic variables and 1) the frequency of MC-use and 2) their indications for use of MC were tested through multivariate analysis.ResultsThe response rate was 72%. Non-indications for MC were: 1) a good outcome combined with no previous events, or 2) a past history of LBP and gradual worsening with treatment. Indications for MC were a good outcome combined with a previous history of low back pain between once a month and once a year. The mean proportion of MC patients per week were 22% (SD 19), ranging from 0% to 100%. The use of MC was highest among experienced chiropractors, those who were educated in North America, and clinic owners. However, in Denmark most chiropractors graduated before 1999, are educated abroad, whereas most chiropractors thereafter are educated in Denmark. Therefore, we cannot conclude whether this difference relates to education or years of experience. There were no associations detected between demographic variables and the indications for MC.ConclusionsThere is relatively high consensus on when MC should and should not be used. A history of prior low back pain combined with a positive response to treatment encourages the use of MC, whereas no previous history of back pain or a worsening of symptoms discourages the use of MC. There seems to be a difference in the proportional use of MC between chiropractors with more experience educated in North America and those with less experience educated in Denmark.

Can We Identify People at Risk of Non-recovery after Acute Occupational Low Back Pain? Results of a Review and Higher-Order Analysis

To identify prognostic factors in the literature that may predict a poor recovery from acute occupational low back pain (LBP). Four international databases (Medline, CINAHL, EMBASE, and PsycINFO) were reviewed, searching all articles indexed up to November 2007 with the term low back pain combined with the terms prognostic, prospective, or cohort. Following application of inclusion criteria, 10 articles were found to be appropriate for data extraction. Each article was critically appraised by two independent reviewers. Statistical pooling was performed on any factor evaluated in at least three independent cohorts. Seven cohorts were identified, with a total sample size of 2,484 subjects. Only three factors were followed in at least three cohorts and were therefore suitable for statistical pooling: female gender (OR=1.28, 95% CI: 1.03-1.58); pain radiation (OR=1.37, 95% CI: 0.79-2.39); and previous history of back pain (OR=0.91, 95% CI: 0.52-1.60). There was significant heterogeneity within the female gender factor; compensation of subjects for study participation appeared to moderate its effect. After statistical pooling, only female gender achieved statistical significance as a prognostic factor for prolonged recovery. Further research is necessary to determine prognostic factors for non-recovery in acute LBP.

Factors defining care-seeking in low back pain – A meta-analysis of population based surveys

Little is known about factors determining health care-seeking behavior in low back pain. While a number of studies have described general characteristics of health care utilization, only a few have aimed at appropriately assessing determinants of care-seeking in back pain, by comparing seekers and non-seekers. The objective of this systematic review was to identify determinants of health care-seeking in studies with well-defined groups of care-seekers and non-seekers with non-specific low back pain. A search was conducted in Medline, AMED, Cinahl, Web of Science, PsycINFO, National Research Register, Cochrane Library and LILACS looking for population- based surveys of non-specific low back pain patients older than 18 years, published since 1966. To be included in the review, studies needed to report on characteristics of well-defined groups of care-seekers and non-seekers. Methodological quality was assessed using a criteria list based on sampling, response rate, data reproducibility, power calculation and external validity. Risk estimates were expressed as odd ratios (95% confidence intervals). When possible, meta-analyses were performed, using a random effects model. Eleven studies were included in the review. Pooled results show that women are slightly more likely to seek care for their back pain as are patients with a previous history of back pain. Pain intensity was only slightly associated with care-seeking, whereas patients with high levels of disability were nearly eight times more likely to seek care than patients with lower levels of disability.

Beliefs About Low Back Pain in the Norwegian General Population: Are They Related to Pain Experiences and Health Professionals?

A baseline study of the general population and the health care providers in 3 Norwegian counties. To investigate if beliefs about low back pain (LBP) are related to personal experiences and profession sought for care. Myths about LBP that are abandoned by health professionals are still alive in the public. Such myths represent pain avoidance beliefs and passive coping strategies that may hinder normal spontaneous recovery from an episode of LBP. A sample of 1502 randomly selected people was interviewed by telephone, and all the 1105 physicians, physiotherapists, and chiropractors in the area were sent a questionnaire in April 2002. All respondents gave their responses in terms of degree of agreement to 6 statements reflecting beliefs about LBP. Personal back pain experiences were important for beliefs about LBP. People with a history of previous back pain had more faith in the 2 statements "Back pain recovers best by itself" (52.2%) and "In most cases back pain recovers by itself in a couple of weeks" (32.5%) than those with current pain (36.9% and 20.9%, respectively, P < 0.000). There were significant differences in beliefs between physicians and the chiropractors concerning the same 2 statements, and these differences were also reflected in the beliefs of patients treated by the different professional groups. Belief in spontaneous recovery from LBP seems to be positively correlated to previous experience with LBP without current pain. Patients of the various health care providers seem to have a faith in spontaneous recovery similar to that of their health care provider. These differences may frustrate the public and patients who visit more than one provider, and hinder collaboration among professional groups.

Anterior thoracic posture increases thoracolumbar disc loading.

In the absence of external forces, the largest contributor to intervertebral disc (IVD) loads and stresses is trunk muscular activity. The relationship between trunk posture, spine geometry, extensor muscle activity, and the loads and stresses acting on the IVD is not well understood. The objective of this study was to characterize changes in thoracolumbar disc loads and extensor muscle forces following anterior translation of the thoracic spine in the upright posture. Vertebral body geometries (C2 to S1) and the location of the femoral head and acetabulum centroids were obtained by digitizing lateral, full-spine radiographs of 13 men and five women volunteers without previous history of back pain. Two standing, lateral, full-spine radiographic views were obtained for each subject: a neutral-posture lateral radiograph and a radiograph during anterior translation of the thorax relative to the pelvis (while keeping T1 aligned over T12). Extensor muscle loads, and compression and shear stresses acting on the IVDs, were calculated for each posture using a previously validated biomechanical model. Comparing vertebral centroids for the neutral posture to the anterior posture, subjects were able to anterior translate +101.5 mm+/-33.0 mm (C7-hip axis), +81.5 mm+/-39.2 mm (C7-S1) (vertebral centroid of C7 compared with a vertical line through the vertebral centroid of S1), and +58.9 mm+/-19.1 mm (T12-S1). In the anterior translated posture, disc loads and stresses were significantly increased for all levels below T9. Increases in IVD compressive loads and shear loads, and the corresponding stresses, were most marked at the L5-S1 level and L3-L4 level, respectively. The extensor muscle loads required to maintain static equilibrium in the upright posture increased from 147.2 N (mean, neutral posture) to 667.1 N (mean, translated posture) at L5-S1. Compressive loads on the anterior and posterior L5-S1 disc nearly doubled in the anterior translated posture. Anterior translation of the thorax resulted in significantly increased loads and stresses acting on the thoracolumbar spine. This posture is common in lumbar spinal disorders and could contribute to lumbar disc pathologies, progression of L5-S1 spondylolisthesis deformities, and poor outcomes after lumbar spine surgery. In conclusion, anterior trunk translation in the standing subject increases extensor muscle activity and loads and stresses acting on the intervertebral disc in the lower thoracic and lumbar regions.

What signs and symptoms can be used to differentiate low back pain of a musculoskeletal origin from a potentially more serious non-musculoskeletal condition in a 12-year-old girl?

A12-year-old girl with no previous history of back pain was referred to our outpatient physical therapy department after developing an insidious onset of back pain, bilateral thigh pain, and difficulty walking. Her symptoms began approximately 3 months prior to her referral to therapy. The initial symptoms were pain and tightness in the right posterior thigh, which progressed to pain in the lumbar region and the left posterior thigh and buttock. She had radiographs of the right hip that were reported by the radiologist to be negative for a fracture or any developmental abnormality. She reported her pain to be mild (2/10 on a pain rating scale) and mostly unaffected by activity. Her chief complaint was the inability to play soccer due to changes in her walking and running. She had received physical therapy 6 months before. At that time, she reported only pain and tightness in the right posterior thigh, and her primary care physician referred her to our department with a diagnosis of “hamstring strain.” These symptoms resolved with 2 weeks of therapy that focused on stretching exercises. She returned to the same physician for the current episode, and the physician again made the diagnosis of “hamstring strain.” She had not received any further imaging studies since the initial episode. The initial examination of the patient revealed an abnormal gait pattern with reduced stride length bilaterally, which was worse on the right side than on the left. Observation showed a scoliotic curve in the lumbar region with the convexity on the right and what appeared to be visible muscle spasm in the lumbar paraspinal musculature. Active range of motion in the lumbar spine revealed 10 degrees of lumbar extension, 85 degrees of flexion, 5 degrees of right side bending, and 20 degrees of left side bending. Extension caused a …

A prospective study of persistent back pain after pregnancy

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of back pain after delivery and its relationship to individual factors. Study design: A cohort of 88 pregnant women, aged 14–46 years, who had suffered from back pain during pregnancy, and delivered at Aydın Maternity Hospital was selected. They had been followed up through pregnancy, and 6 months post partum filled out a questionnaire. The data were analyzed statistically. Results: Follow-up showed that back pain at the time of delivery and 6 months post partum was reported by 59.1% and 43.2% of the women, respectively. The difference in prevalence of back pain between young women and older ones was statistically significant ( P=0.000). The number of previous pregnancies increased the risk of back pain ( P=0.000), but there was no difference in prevalence of back pain between women with heavy work and without heavy work before pregnancy ( P=0.310). Furthermore, women with a history of back pain before pregnancy were found to experience more intense pain at 6 months post partum compared to those without a history of back pain before pregnancy (2.1±1.0 and 0.4±0.4, respectively, P=0.000). Conclusion: These results indicate that pregnant women with a previous history of back pain had a higher prevalence of back pain, especially in young multigravid patients.

Back pain following epidural anaesthesia in labour.

To determine the factors associated with the development of post-partum back pain following epidural anaesthesia for labour and delivery and its incidence. A prospective observational cohort study was conducted in a University affiliated tertiary care hospital. Women presenting for labour and delivery who were planning to have epidural anaesthesia were eligible for study. Baseline data were obtained from the women and obstetrical and anaesthetic data from the hospital chart. Women were contacted by phone at four to six weeks post-partum and questioned regarding the presence of any back pain and pain lasting longer than 14 days. Three hundred women entered the study and follow-up was obtained in 270 (90%). The incidence of back pain was 30.7% and back pain lasting longer than 14 days was 8.5%. Nulliparity was associated with a decreased risk of developing back pain post-partum but this decrease was only associated with pain lasting more than 14 days: Odds Ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval] 0.32 [0.11-0.94]. A previous history of back pain was strongly associated with the development of any back pain (OR 43.85 [9.97-192.9] but not with pain lasting longer than 14 days (OR 2.16 [0.71-6.58]). Age, weight and the duration of the second stage of labour were not associated with the development of back pain. Back pain following epidural anaesthesia is common but persistent back pain is much less common. A previous history of back pain increases the likelihood of post-partum back pain following epidural anaesthesia. Nulliparity is associated with a decreased risk.

Does back pain predict subsequent fracture in postmenopausal women?

This longitudinal study was undertaken to determine if back pain of postmenopausal women can well predict fragility fracture during 7-year follow-up. In 1983-84, 434 Caucasian women aged 55-80 years were examined at baseline. The incidence of fractures that occurred in the following 7 years and changes of radial bone mineral density (BMD) over 5 years were obtained. There was no significant association between baseline back pain and 7-year fracture incidence after baseline assessment (OR=1.137, [95%CI 0.674, 1.916]). However, the odds ratio in the association between 7-year fracture incidence and a prior history of back pain was 1.686, [95%CI 0.925, 3.073]. This association was statistically significant (OR=2.126, [95%CI 1.409, 2.844]) when age, baseline BMD, constitution, physical activity levels, and baseline back pain were taken into account. Although pain is subject to information bias in its reporting, it is suggested that a history of previous back pain could be a good predictor for postmenopausal fracture.

Quantification of Trunk Muscle Performance in Standing, Semistanding and Sitting Postures in Healthy Men

The purpose of this study was to determine trunk muscle performance in the sitting, semistanding, and standing postures during isometric and dynamic extension and flexion movements. Twenty-five male subject volunteers, with no previous history of back pain participated in the study. A triaxial dynamometer that measures torque, angular position, and velocity was used to measure isometric and dynamic motor output. The dynamometer allows testing in the sitting and standing postures. A custom-designed module also allowed testing in the semistanding posture. Each subject was tested in two sessions. The first session included the physical examination and three trials of isometric maximum voluntary contractions in the three postures. The second session included the dynamic performance against a resistance equal to 50% of the effort, as measured in the first session. Subjects were instructed to perform five repetitive flexion and extension cycles as fast and accurately as possible with maximum effort. An analysis of variance with repeated measures design was used to investigate the effects of the postures (standing, semistanding and sitting), the direction of exertion (flexion and extension), and the interaction effects of the isometric and dynamic parameters (maximum and average torque, velocity, power, and range of motion). The effects of direction (F = 98, P < 0.0001) and the interaction of posture and direction (F = 7.9, P < 0.001) were significant. The maximum isometric flexion strength was significantly higher in the standing posture than in semistanding and sitting. The maximum isometric extension was not affected by the posture (sitting, semistanding and standing).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Back Pain, Ventilatory Function, Chest Symptoms, and Smoking

Tests of ventilatory function were made and a history of previous back pain was obtained from 909 volunteers (592 men and 317 women). One year later, using postal questionnaires, they were asked about their experience of back pain in the ensuing 12 months and about smoking habits, breathlessness, coughing, and the bringing up of phlegm. From the frequency of their experience of back pain, the population was divided into “nonbacks,” “mild backs,” and “chronic backs.” From their answers to the MRC Questionnaire on respiratory symptoms they were divided first into good, mild, and bad with regard to chest symptoms; and also into smokers, exsmokers, and nonsmokers. Ventilatory function tests were reduced in both smokers and “bad chests” and chest symptoms were significantly worse in smokers. Women with back pain were more likely to be smokers, but men with back pain were not. Chest symptoms were significantly worse in “chronic backs,” whether men or women. The results suggest that previous reports of a relation between smoking and back pain arose incidentally from the associations between (a) chest and back symptoms and (b) chest symptoms and smoking.

Back Pain, Ventilatory Function, Chest Symptoms, and Smoking

Tests of ventilatory function were made and a history of previous back pain was obtained from 909 volunteers (592 men and 317 women). One year later, using postal questionnaires, they were asked about their experience of back pain in the ensuing 12 months and about smoking habits, breathlessness, coughing, and the bringing up of phlegm. From the frequency of their experience of back pain, the population was divided into "nonbacks," "mild backs," and "chronic backs." From their answers to the MRC Questionnaire on respiratory symptoms they were divided first into good, mild, and bad with regard to chest symptoms; and also into smokers, exsmokers, and nonsmokers. Ventilatory function tests were reduced in both smokers and "bad chests" and chest symptoms were significantly worse in smokers. Women with back pain were more likely to be smokers, but men with back pain were not. Chest symptoms were significantly worse in "chronic backs," whether men or women. The results suggest that previous reports of a relation between smoking and back pain arose incidentally from the associations between (a) chest and back symptoms and (b) chest symptoms and smoking.

Radiographic measurements of lumbar spinal canal size and their relation to back mobility.

A total of 197 men and women with history of previous back pain were radiographed and clinically examined. Measurements related to the shape and size of the spinal canal were subsequently made from the lumbar radiographs. Interarticular distance and the ratio between interarticular and interpedicular distances were significantly less in women with restriction of lumbar extension, sidebending, and rotation: not in men. Anteroposterior (AP) foraminal distances and pedicular lengths were less in men with restricted extension and sidebending, although not in women. Midsagittal diameters were not significantly less in those with restricted mobility. The radiographic differences between men and women with restricted back mobility arise partly from the sexual differences in interarticular and AP foraminal distance, the former being less in women, the latter in men. This suggests a different pathogenetic factor in the two sexes.