History Of Occupational Therapy Research Articles

Dr Eamon O'Sullivan: psychiatrist and forgotten pioneer of occupational therapy.

This paper provides a brief overview of the history of occupational therapy in psychiatry in Ireland and explores why the contribution of an early Irish psychiatrist and proponent of occupational therapy, Dr Eamon O'Sullivan (1897-1966), was not fully recognised in the decades after his retirement in 1962. A review of selected key reports, papers and publications related to the history of occupational therapy was undertaken. Eamon O'Sullivan was appointed Resident Medical Superintendent at Killarney Mental Hospital Co. Kerry in 1933 and developed an occupational therapy department at the hospital from the 1930s until his retirement in 1962. He wrote one of the first textbooks of occupational therapy published in 1955. His occupational therapy philosophy reflects the early decades after the formalisation of the profession in 1917 when beliefs about the curative properties of occupation flourished and professional education programmes were scarce. By the time O'Sullivan's textbook was published it received a lukewarm reception within occupational therapy as it did not reflect 1950s practice and professional philosophy. The professionalisation of occupational therapy in Ireland in the 1960s was also a factor in the lack of acknowledgement of O'Sullivan's contribution to the profession. Practice and professional philosophy change and the paper concludes by considering O'Sullivan's work in light of contemporary occupational therapy which once again places occupation at its centre and emphasises the importance of balance, health and wellbeing.

CURRENT STATE OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY IN UKRAINE

The history of the development of occupational therapy from the beginning of its establishment due to changes in different views of the formation of the essence of occupational therapy intervention is considered in the article. However, mostly occupational therapy as a separate specialty was formed after the Second World War, when society faced the problem of a large number of young people who became disabled as a result of hostilities, and the urgent need for their rehabilitation. These people needed to be re-taught both self-care and social adaptation, as such people often developed depression, which complicated not only the possibility of their recovery, but also the lives of relatives and friends of such patients. In 1952, the World Organization of Occupational Therapists was established, and in 2016 its members became representatives of 92 countries. There is a wide network of centers and a large number of occupational therapists in Western Europe, the United States and Canada. In Ukraine, occupational therapy as a separate specialty appeared at the beginning of the XXI century, as a separate specialty "physical therapy and occupational therapy" in Ukraine registered since 2015, the first master's program for students majoring in "occupational therapy" in Ukraine introduced at the Ukrainian Catholic University, later the training of occupational therapists began in other Ukrainian universities, including Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University and the National Medical University named after Bogomolets. The Ministry of Health of Ukraine also recommended to involve students majoring in "Physical Rehabilitation" and "Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy" in the practice of hospitals in Ukraine. Modern views on occupational therapy are based on a scientifically sound level and cover the main areas of human life: "man, environment, occupation." Training of occupational therapists in Ukraine should be carried out taking into account all requirements and standards, this will promote the formation of highly qualified specialists, and practical experience and research in this field will in the future develop occupational therapy at a professional level.
 Occupational therapy techniques in habilitation and rehabilitation - is the development, restoration and maintenance of functional capabilities of the child, which are necessary to perform important actions. Occupational therapy is used in various spheres of human life and is an important part of modern rehabilitation programs. The history of occupational therapy is a constant change in the system of views on the essence of occupational therapy, which goes hand in hand with scientific and technological progress, social events and the challenges they cause. The modern development of occupational therapy is important, scientifically sound, based on evidence-based practice, and covers the main areas of human life - Man-environment, occupation. Training of occupational therapists in Ukraine should be carried out taking into account all the characteristics of modern occupational therapy, which will promote the formation of highly professional specialists, and the accumulated experience of practical and scientific activities in this field of knowledge in the future will certainly enrich world science.

Henry B. Favill and the School of Occupations: Origins of Occupational Therapy Practice and Education

The Henry B. Favill School of Occupations, a pioneer program in the history of occupational therapy, was named for the visionary physician Henry Baird Favill, M.D. who practiced in Chicago, Illinois. The School had two types of classes or programs. One was a curative workshop for disabled clients in need of occupational training and the other was a teaching program designed to train people to work with clients. The curative workshop, called the Occupational Center, began in 1915 at the Illinois Society for Mental Hygiene under the guidance of Dr. Favill and the direction of Eleanor Clarke Slagle, a founder and leader in the profession of occupational therapy. The teaching program began in 1917 initially in cooperation with the American Red Cross, Chicago Chapter, and later with the Chicago School of Civics and Philanthropy and the Illinois Department of Public Welfare. This article traces the development and history of the workshop to treat clients and the training programs to educate teachers of occupation who would become known as occupational therapists.

History of Occupational Therapy in Brazil: Inequalities, Advances, and Challenges

History of Occupational Therapy in Brazil: Inequalities, Advances, and Challenges

ERGOTHERAPY IN RHEUMATOLOGY

The article reports one of the most affordable rehabilitation methods, i.e. occupational therapy. The issues related to the history of occupational therapy as a treatment method, its application in rheumatology and promising directions of development are covered.

History of the Hospital Real y General de Nuestra Señora de Gracia in Saragossa: Occupational Therapy Pioneer in Neurology and Psychiatry in Spain

In this article the authors describe the program of the Hospital Real y General de Nuestra Señora de Gracia in Saragossa (Spain) and its importance in the history of occupational therapy. It is believed to be the first hospital in the world to use occupations as therapy for psychiatric patients. Pinel knew about this new trend through a report by Iberti and wrote about it in his book Medico-Philosophical Treatise on Mental Alienation.

The ties that bind: The relationship between caregiver burden and the neuropsychological functioning of TBI survivors

Advances in medical and assistive technology have increased the likelihood of survival following a traumatic brain injury (TBI). Consequently, families frequently must provide care to individuals with TBI. Because they are rarely prepared for the associated demanding medical needs and financial burden, family caregivers are at risk for physical and emotional problems, which can negatively influence their individual and family functioning. Whereas scholars have examined the influence of survivor functioning on caregiver burden, few have explicitly recognized that caregiver burden also influences survivor functioning. Results of a multivariate linear regression suggest that, in a sample of 51 pairs of TBI survivors and their caregivers living in Colombia, survivors receiving care from a family member who reported a higher level of burden had poorer objective neuropsychological functioning than those receiving care from a family member who reported a lower level of burden, after controlling for survivor education and history of occupational therapy. Therefore, a family-focused approach might maximize intervention effectiveness, especially for Latin American and Hispanic families, which tend to be characterized by a strong sense of familism. The emphasis on family can create problems in a healthcare system that views the individual as the primary unit.

Fifty Years of Occupational Therapy at Heidelberg Repatriation Hospital

This paper has been written to acknowledge the significant contribution of the Occupational Therapy Department at the Heidelberg Repatriation Hospital in Victoria to the history of Occupational Therapy in Australia. Established in 1941, the Heidelberg Repatriation Hospital had one of the first Occupational Therapy Departments in Australia and pioneered many new trends in occupational therapy. Information for this article was collected between 1989 and 1991 by questionnaires sent to former staff members, taped interviews with key people and the recollections of current staff. Together they provide valuable insight into the first fifty years of occupational therapy from the perspective of Australia's veteran community.

Epistemological Transformation in Occupational Therapy: Educational Implications and Challenges

An epistemological analysis of occupational therapy's history opens a novel perspective on the field's evolution and on important changes facing education and practice. Kegan's theory of epistemological transformation (e.g., how ways of knowing evolve) was used as an analytic tool to reexamine mostly secondary and some primary historical sources. Although the profession's history is often portrayed in terms of large and sweeping changes, this analysis suggests that little change occurred in occupational therapy's epistemology, making it difficult for the profession to become self-defined or easily adopt occupation, participation, and health as a focus for practice, education, and research. It is also suggested that recent developments in the field are at their core epistemological developments and serve as indicators that a new way of knowing has emerged in occupational therapy that is making new demands of practitioners and educators. Further, epistemological developments can help evaluate common educational assumptions and frame new educational approaches.

Facilitating professional identify in occupational therapy students.

The purpose of this study was to explore how a graduate course in occupational therapy theory can help prepare students to develop a professional identity. Thirty students participated in the study. The course included content on the history of occupational therapy, models of practice and the social, philosophical, political and economic factors that impact on occupational therapy. The students were divided into groups of four or five where they discussed issues assigned by the instructor. An electronic blackboard was used to share the discussion with the class. Surveys of the students' opinions were used to collect data on what the students viewed as the strengths and weaknesses of the course. The students felt that the class discussions were the strongest part of the course. They felt that the course improved their critical thinking and problem solving significantly. It was concluded from the results that the course facilitated their professional identity through the connection made between theory and practice. There is a recognized need to explore the issue of developing a professional identity in occupational therapy students through courses integrating philosophical topics and clinical practice. Specifically, it is recommended that further research be carried out in educational settings with larger samples, using comparison groups and other methodologies to evaluate the issue of facilitating professional identity in occupational therapy students.

Caring: The moral motivation for good occupational therapy practice

Keywords: caring; ethics of care; occupational therapy; occupational therapy history; professional ethics

Chronic pain: the need for an eclectic approach — part 2

Part two of this article explores the possibility of combining psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioural and occupational interventions with clients who present with psychogenic and psychosomatic pain aetiology. An extensive literature review covering occupational therapy's history with psychodynamic intervention is followed by an outline of a 12-week occupational therapy programme.

Current Literature: The History of Occupational Therapy

Current Literature: The History of Occupational Therapy

Evolving Health Environments and Occupational Therapy: Definitions, Descriptions and Opportunities

Over the past 20 years, the world has seen a slow but steady shift in thinking about illness and wellness and about what constitutes health and health care. Concepts such as primary health care, disease and injury prevention, disability postponement, health promotion and population health are the focal points of this shift. In order to contribute in this evolving health environment, occupational therapists need to understand this terminology and make the link between these concepts and their philosophy and skills in enabling health through occupation. To contribute to this understanding, the objectives of this paper are to review the history of occupational therapy as it relates to recent shifts in thinking about health and health care, to define and describe briefly the relevant health and health care terms and concepts, and to illustrate the existing and potential links between the practice of occupational therapy and these health and health care concepts.

The influence of conceptual models on work in occupational therapy history

The concept of work has been close to the core of occupational therapy theory and practice since the foundation of the profession in the early part of this century. The way in which occupational therapists have dealt with this area of occupational performance, however, has been quite diverse. Current work programs in occupational therapy practice have evolved from struggles characterized by the influence of holistic and reductionistic thinking. The holistic view inherited from moral treatment formed the very base upon which the emerging profession was built. The external world in which occupational therapy grew demanded reductionism for validation due to the influence of the medical model in all areas of practice. This struggle contributed to the separation of pre-vocational training as the domain of Occupational Therapy, and vocational training as the domain of Vocational Rehabilitation. This article describes the struggle that resulted from this separation and chronicles the profession's attempt to keep holism in this area of practice.

Notes on the History of Occupational Therapy in Pakistan

"Notes on the History of Occupational Therapy in Pakistan." World Federation of Occupational Therapists Bulletin, 28(1), p. 59

The Curriculum Directors: Influencing Occupational Therapy Education, 1948–1964

This paper depicts an important story in the history of occupational therapy. The story concerns a small group of women, known as the Curriculum Directors, whose influence prevailed in the growth and development of occupational therapy throughout the 1950s. The account is synthesized from both written history sources and oral history interviews with group members and their contemporaries. It characterizes the Curriculum Directors and describes their influence on the profession as well as others' perceptions of their accomplishments. This paper also chronicles the forces that emerged in reaction to the Curriculum Directors' authority and briefly details the dissolution of their power.

Teachers and Therapists: Evolution of a Partnership in Early Intervention

This article traces the background and history of occupational therapy and special education as they relate to the birth- to 3-year-old population. It discusses the meeting of the two professions, and how initial resentment and misunderstanding gave way to mutual respect and partnership.

Another Look at Occupational Therapy's History

Another Look at Occupational Therapy's History

Occupational Therapy: The Basic Concept behind the Conventional Term

It is well known that the history of occupational therapy goes back to ancient times, although it was not until the Second World War that it began to receive greater attention and wider use. Today, despite important advances in studies and applications, a certain amount of empiricism persists, especially in Italy where there are not as yet distinct schools for occupational therapy and where consequently there is some criticism of the profession.