History Of Nocturnal Enuresis Research Articles

Prevalence of nocturnal enuresis among children aged 05 to 10 years

Background: Enuresis is common and considered to be normal among children younger than 3 years of age. Nocturnal enuresis is involuntary passage of urine during sleep among children five years of age or older. It is not a serious health problem, and children usually develop control over the bladder as they grow older but it can be upsetting for children as well as parents. India estimates 7 to 15 % prevalence rate among children and the numbers drop to 3 to 5% by the age of ten years. Objectives were to identify the children with Nocturnal Enuresis and assess their clinical profile. Methods: A descriptive survey was conducted among the children age 05 to 10 years. Data were collected from two villages of Aurangabad district and the information was gathered from parents of 413 with the use of structured questionnaire. The first section included the socio- demographic characteristics of the children and their parents. The second section included variables related to the clinical profile and history of nocturnal enuresis in the family. Results: The prevalence of nocturnal enuresis was 10.91% in which 06.94% were males and 03.97% females. With regard to severity 55% children were found to be in moderate category while 09% belonged to severe category of nocturnal enuresis. Conclusions: The prevalence rate was higher in selected villages. Most of the parents consider nocturnal enuresis as social stigma. Counseling and education of parents would help in improving general health of children in rural area.

The role of primary nocturnal enuresis in the aetiology of overactive bladder syndrome.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of nocturnal enuresis (NE) in childhood on the development and course of overactive bladder (OAB) in adulthood. Between January and September 2021, data from patients who visited the Urology Outpatient Clinic with OAB symptoms were collected. Patients with a history of diabetes mellitus, neurological diseases, bladder outlet obstruction, active urinary system infection, or previous medical treatment for OAB and those who did not agree to join the study were excluded. Patients with a diagnosis of NE in childhood were classified as group 1, and patients without a diagnosis of NE were classified as group 2. Demographic data were recorded. Frequency of incontinence, and the number of daytime voids and nocturia were evaluated according to a three-day voiding diary. In addition, the maximum urinary flow ratio (Qmax), bladder wall thickness, and postvoid residual volume were determined using uroflowmetry and pelvic ultrasound. After applying the inclusion/exclusion criteria, the mean age of the study group of 103 patients, consisting of 34 women and 69 men, was 32.85 ±11.20 years (18-65), and the mean BMI of both groups was 26.62 ±3.34 (19.49-39.18). Sixty-five of 103 patients (63.1%) had a history of childhood NE diagnosis. Patients in the group with a history of NE were younger than those without a history of NE. The earlier onset and more intense course of OAB symptoms in patients diagnosed with NE in childhood suggests that NE may be a triggering factor in the aetiology of OAB.

Evaluation of the Influence of a History of Childhood Nocturnal Enuresis on Nighttime Urinary Frequency and the Causes of Nocturia in Adults

To examine whether a history of nocturnal enuresis affects nighttime urinary frequency and to evaluate nocturia etiologies in adults. A total of 143 participants with at least one episode of nocturia per night were included in this study. The self-reported questionnaire collected data on demographic characteristics, medical history, history of nocturnal enuresis in elementary school, lower urinary tract symptoms, and frequency-volume charts. A history of nocturnal enuresis was observed in 52.4% of participants. However, night-time urinary frequency was significantly lower in participants with a history of nocturnal enuresis in elementary school than in those without such history. On multivariate analysis, a history of nocturnal enuresis was also negatively associated with nighttime urinary frequency (P <.01). There was a collinearity effect between age and nighttime urinary frequency. A history of nocturnal enuresis did not affect the presence of nocturnal polyuria or overactive bladder in participants. However, sleep disturbances were fewer in participants with a history of nocturnal enuresis (odds ratio 0.404). A history of nocturnal enuresis might be negatively associated with nighttime urinary frequency due to fewer sleep disturbances. Further, progression of nocturia may depend on conditions, such as age and acquired diseases.

Prevalence and factors affecting nocturnal enuresis among primary school children in Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, India

Background: Enuresis is defined as involuntary urination beyond the age of 5 years. The present study was done to determine the prevalence of nocturnal enuresis and its associated risk factors in children in Baddi, Himachal Pradesh.Methods: This was a prospective observational cross-sectional study done in children in the age group of 5-11 years over a period of 18 months. Nocturnal enuresis was defined using the DSM IV criteria. Data analysis was done using chi square test.Results: The total sample size was 2144 and the prevalence of nocturnal enuresis was found to be 22.0% (n=472). There was statistically significant relationships between nocturnal enuresis and history of nocturnal enuresis in siblings (p=0.0018), history of deep sleep (p&lt;0.05), history of perianal itching (p&lt;0.05), history of urinary tract infection (p&lt;0.05), poor academic performance (p&lt;0.05).Conclusions: Nocturnal enuresis is a result of complex interplay of multiple physiological and psychological factors. Parents need to be sensitised and educated regarding these causation factors for better prevention and treatment of nocturnal enuresis.

Severiy level of enuresis among children and adolscents in Ado-Odo, Ota, Ogun state, Nigeria.

Nocturnal enuresis habitually called bedwetting is said to be a highly prevalent health condition in children and adolescents but the impact of enuresis is often taken too lightly. Around the world today 15 % of children are affected. Enuresis is socially stigmatizing and can affect quality of life. Parents and families are equally frequently stressed about the condition. The knowledge of nocturnal enuresis and its severity will help to promote effective management. The aim of the study was to determine the severity of nocturnal enuresis among children and adolescents in Ota, Ogun state. The objectives are to assess frequency, history and parental perception about the condition. A crossectional community based study was conducted among 141 children in AdoOdo, Ota local government area within the age range of 6-18 years. Self-administered two-section questionnaire was designed to assess demographic data, frequency of bedwetting, behavioral pattern, emotional stressor, parent’s history, and previous attempt at treatment among others. The collected data was analysed using data tabulation (frequency distributions & percent distributions). The presence of enuresis among the children was 29 %. Enuresis was more in females (53.66 %) compared to males (46.34 %). There was a decrease in prevalence of enuresis with increasing age group (6-9 years was 52.4 %, 10-13 years was 33.3 % and 14-17 years was 14.3 %). History of nocturnal enuresis among parents and siblings was found to be 75.61 % and 57.10 % respectively. A higher percentage (90.24 %) of parents punishes their children for bedwetting. None of the mothers of the enuretic children had complication during pregnancy or at childbirth. Enuresis is a highly common childhood complaint. Genetics could be a leading factor for the occurrence nocturnal enuresis, but complication during pregnancy and childbirth is not. There is need to create awareness and educate parents and families about enuresis and the treatment options available.

Nocturnal enuresis in children is associated with differences in autonomic control

Study ObjectivesTo assess the relationship between urine osmolality, cardiovascular parameters, and nocturnal enuresis in a population of children undergoing polysomnographic assessment.MethodsThis prospective observational study included consecutive children aged 5–17 years presenting for overnight polysomnography. Children were evaluated using continuous ambulatory blood pressure monitoring to assess heart rate and blood pressure. Urine samples were collected throughout the night to determine urine sodium excretion and osmolality. Comparisons of results were made between children with and without a history of nocturnal enuresis.ResultsA total of 61 children were included for analysis; 13 had a history of nocturnal enuresis. Children with nocturnal enuresis had greater disruption in respiratory parameters including higher apnea–hypopnea index (mean difference 12.2 ± 8.8 events/h, p < 0.05), attributable to more central respiratory events (mean difference 5.4 ± 4.9, p < 0.05), and higher variability in both oxygen and carbon dioxide parameters compared to those without nocturnal enuresis. Sleep parameters, urine osmolality, and blood pressure did not differ between groups. Children with nocturnal enuresis showed an increase, rather than a decrease, in heart rate across the night (+5.4 ± 19.1 vs. −6.0 ± 14.8 beats/min, p < 0.05).ConclusionsChildren with a history of nocturnal enuresis have greater respiratory abnormalities, no differences in urine osmolality or blood pressure, and loss of normal heart rate decrease across the night. This pattern suggests that autonomic control, rather than renal or hemodynamic abnormalities, may contribute to the pathophysiology of nocturnal enuresis.

The prevalence of overactive bladder syndrome and urinary incontinence in a Turkish women population; associated risk factors and effect on Quality of life.

To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of overactive bladder syndrome and urinary incontinence in Turkish women; furthermore, to assess the impact on the quality of life. A cross-sectional, epidemiological study was carried out in women of reproductive age to define overactive bladder syndrome, urinary incontinence, ICIQ-SF score and medical care seeking. The women's average age was 34.4 ± 5.26 years. The prevalence of UI was 26.9%. Stress UI was the predominant form. The prevalence of UI increased with age, BMI, number of pregnancies and children delivered. The prevalence of OAB was 20.7%. Women with OAB were older and had greater number of pregnancies than women without OAB. History of nocturnal enuresis was a significant risk factor for OAB and UUI. Women with MUI had more frequent and more abundant leakage of urine. 10.7% of women sought medical care for their condition. Although prevalence estimates differ across studies, the available evidence indicates that UI and OAB are highly prevalent conditions among women. UI had negative effect on QoL, but only severely-affected women sought medical care. Public health and clinical management programs are needed to determine diagnosis and management of these social problems.

Prevalence of nocturnal enuresis and its associated factors in primary school and preschool children of khorramabad in 2013.

Background. Nocturnal enuresis refers to an inability to control urination during sleep. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of nocturnal enuresis and its associated factors in children in the city of Khorramabad. Materials and Methods. In this descriptive-analytic, cross-sectional study, 710 male and female children were divided into two groups with equal numbers. The samples were selected from the schools of Khorramabad using the multistage cluster and stratified random sampling methods based on the diagnostic criteria of DSM-IV. The data was analyzed using the logistic regression. Results. The results showed that 8% of the children had nocturnal enuresis, including 5.2% of primary nocturnal enuresis and 2.8% of secondary nocturnal enuresis. The prevalence of nocturnal enuresis in the boys (10.7%) was higher compared with that in the girls (5.4%) (P = 0.009). There were statistically significant relationships between nocturnal enuresis and history of nocturnal enuresis in siblings (P = 0.023), respiratory infections (P = 0.036), deep sleep (P = 0.007), corporal punishment at school (P = 0.036), anal itching (P = 0.043), and history of seizures (P = 0.043). Conclusion. This study showed that the prevalence of nocturnal enuresis in the boys was higher compared with that in the girls.

A population-based study of factors associated with nocturia in reproductive-aged Turkish women.

PurposeThis study aimed to investigate the prevalence of nocturia according to the International Continence Society (ICS) definition in Turkish women and to determine the associated risk factors and the correlation of other voiding symptoms with nocturia.Materials and MethodsA prospective epidemiological study was carried out by use of self-reported questionnaires in 4,250 reproductive-aged women from January 2013 to May 2013. The International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form and a questionnaire developed by the researchers according to the ICS were administered to define nocturia and other lower urinary tract symptoms. Other physical, reproductive, and health characteristics were also recorded concurrently.ResultsOverall, 1,636 women were included in the final analyses. The women had an average age of 34.4±5.26 years. The overall prevalence of nocturia was 34.7% (567 of 1,636 women). Women with nocturia were older (p<0.001), had a higher body mass index (p=0.026), and had more children (p<0.001). Nocturia occurred more frequently in women with a history of nocturnal enuresis (p<0.001). Three or more pregnancies, 3 or more deliveries, and age >40 years were significant risk factors for nocturia. We also found that other lower urinary tract symptoms correlated significantly (p<0.001) with nocturia.ConclusionsAlthough the prevalence of nocturia is higher with increasing age, younger adults are also affected. Nocturia may cause sleep disorders, mood disturbances, reduced quality of life, and distractibility. Thus, even if one void nightly causes a patient to experience bother, nocturia should be queried about and should be treated if necessary according to the cause of the disease.

Is nocturia of young adulthood a remnant of childhood nocturnal enuresis?

Nocturia and nocturnal enuresis (NE) share similar aetiopathological factors, and may represent two different situations involving the same underlying issue. In this study, we tried to evaluate the relation between NE of childhood and nocturia of young adulthood. A total of 577 female university students aged 17-24 years were included in the survey. A face-to-face questionnaire was administered concerning present nocturia and past NE history. A non-validated questionnaire, created by the authors, was used to evaluate the presence and the frequency of childhood NE and present nocturia. All participant data were checked by telephone contact with their parents. The overall prevalence rates of nocturia and history of nocturnal enuresis in the study population were 8.6 % and 15 % respectively. Sixteen per cent of nocturics and 15 % of non-nocturics had a history of childhood NE (p = 0.837). The childhood NE was graded as severe or infrequent. The presence of nocturia was compared between participants with severe NE and infrequent NE, and no significant difference was observed (11.1 % vs 7.8 %, p = 0.713). Nocturia frequency was compared with the history of childhood NE and we found that as the nocturia frequency increased, the rate of childhood NE also increased. There was no relation between young adulthood nocturia and childhood NE in our study population, but as the severity of nocturia increased, the relation between nocturia and NE became more relevant.

Nocturnal enuresis among primary school children

To determine the prevalence and personal and family risk factors for nocturnal enuresis (NE) among primary school children in Al-Mukalla City, Yemen, we conducted a cross-sectional survey using a self-administered, three-part structured questionnaire involving 832 school children aged 6 - 15 years between 2007 and 2008. We assessed participants' socio-demographic factors, family characteristics and factors related to the presence of NE. The mean age of the children was 11.5 (±2.7) years. The overall prevalence of NE was 28.6%, with a predominance of girls, and the prevalence decreased with increasing age (P <0.001). Factors likely to be associated with NE were pattern of sleeping (P <0.001), stressful social and psychological events (P <0.01), positive family history of enuresis (P <0.001), large family size (P >0.002) and a higher number of siblings (P = 0.01). Our findings reveal a high prevalence of NE among children in Al-Mukalla City, Yemen, with a higher prevalence in girls than in boys compared with the other studies. Sleep pattern, stressful life events, family history of NE, large family size and more children in the household may act as a risk factor for NE.

835 The Value of a Positive Nitrate Test in Routine Urine Analysis for the Diagnosis of Childhood UTI

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common diseases in children. Its diagnosis depends mainly on urine culture. Urinalysis is used as a screening test to exclude UTI....

Prevalence of Urinary Incontinence among Women and Its Impact on Quality of Life in a Semirural Area of Western Turkey

Background/Aims: Urinary incontinence (UI) is a very common and bothersome condition among women, affecting up to 50% of women during their lifetime. Older women are disproportionately affected and often view UI as a normal part of aging, thus precluding contact with medical professionals. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and risk factors of UI in women aged 20 years or older, as well as to examine its effects on women’s quality of life (QOL). Methods: The study was conducted on 1,585 women aged 20 years and over between January and March 2007. Data were obtained by a face-to-face interview, using a questionnaire consisting of questions pertaining to the women’s demographic characteristics, medical and obstetric history and UI. The Short Form-36 (SF-36) scale was used to assess the QOL of the women. Results: The prevalence of UI in this group of women was 49.5%. UI was significantly associated with advanced age (p < 0.05), lower education level (p ≤ 0.001), recurrent urinary tract infection (p < 0.001), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (p < 0.001), diabetes mellitus (p ≤ 0.001), a history of nocturnal enuresis in childhood (p < 0.001), taking diuretics (p < 0.05) and body mass index (p < 0.001). When the QOL of the women with and without UI were evaluated, the scores for women without UI were higher than those with mild, moderate or severe UI (p < 0.001 for each). Women with UI of varying severity had lower mean domain scores on the SF-36 than women without UI (p < 0.001 for each). As the severity of UI increased, it was seen that the mean domain scores according to the scale showed a decrease (p < 0.001). Conclusion: It is concluded that UI is a common disorder among women in this region of Turkey and that it also negatively affects these women’s QOL, suggesting the need for more social and medical study in this area.

Hereditary phenotypes in nocturnal enuresis

To identify phenotypic characteristics in three large families with autosomal dominant nocturnal enuresis (NE), and to elucidate whether such characteristics persist after cessation of symptoms. From three unrelated NE kindreds (A-C) we included 98 living members of whom 34 either had active NE (>one wet night/month after the age of 5 years) or a history of NE. The family members were interviewed to identify NE type and severity. Subsequently, night-time urine production was recorded for 2 weeks at home and 4 days of frequency-volume charts were completed. There was coexistence of both primary and secondary NE (family A), coexistence of monosymptomatic NE and incontinence (families A and C), pure monosymptomatic NE (family B) and pure day-time incontinence (family C). However, the NE phenotype of family A was characterized by nocturnal polyuria and normal bladder capacity, whereas family C was characterized by normal nocturnal urine production and reduced bladder capacity. Interestingly, there were no differences between former affected and unaffected family members in any of the families for night-time urine production, nocturia frequency, nocturia volumes, day-to-night ratios, or bladder capacity. The clinical phenotype in three large families with hereditary severe NE was heterogeneous within and between families. However, the NE phenotype seemed to differ between two of the families for nocturnal urine production, bladder capacity, and response to desmopressin. These results indicate that the genes responsible for NE in these families are not related directly to the presence of primary vs secondary NE or coexisting day-time problems. However, there might be genetically determined differences in bladder capacity and/or nocturnal urine production.

Female Urinary Incontinence in the West of Turkey: Prevalence, Risk Factors and Impact on Quality of Life

Objectives: To determine the prevalence and risk factors of urinary incontinence (UI), and to assess its impact on quality of life (QOL) in Turkish women. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 1012 women aged over 18 years were interviewed through a questionnaire including ‘International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short Form’. Results: The overall prevalence of UI was 23.9% ( n = 242). Among these women, 62 (25.6%) had urge, 80 (33.1%) stress and 100 (41.3%) mixed type UI. The prevalence rate increased with advancing age. Eighty-nine women (36.8%) stated to have urinary leakage at least once a day or more, while 153 (63.2%) women were experiencing less than twice a week. UI was significantly associated with fecal incontinence, hypertension, history of nocturnal enuresis, and recurrent urinary tract infections. Overall, 211 (87.2%) women stated that UI have negative impact on the QOL. This effect remained mostly at the mild or moderate level. Although many (87.2%) had intention for medical assistance, only a few (14.9%) had realized it. Women with urge UI and aged 40 to 50 years looked for more assistance than others. Conclusions: UI affect approximately one of four Turkish women. The results emphasize the need for taking preventive measures and policy development for UI.

Is the enuretic female bladder without instability normal?

Twenty-one females with a history of nocturnal enuresis were found to have stable bladders on cystometric testing. A stable detrusor is defined as one that is capable of contraction but does not develop abnormal contractions on filling inspite of provocative testing by rapid filling, standing, coughing and erect filling. A detailed assessment of 10 measurements revealed abnormalities in 19 of the 21 cases. This result strengthens the theory that for nocturnal enuresis to occur, two abnormalities are necessary: (a) failure of a full bladder to arouse from sleep, and (b) an abnormality of bladder/urethral function. Identifiable causes of nocturnal enuresis included a small functional bladder capacity, outlet obstruction, increased detrusor contractility and low urethral closure pressure.