History Of Mental Illness Research Articles

Hospitalization for SARS-CoV-2 and the risk of self-harm readmission: a French nationwide retrospective cohort study.

The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection on the risk of self-harming behaviours warrants further investigation. Here, we hypothesized that people with a history of hospitalization for self-harm may be particularly at risk of readmission in case of SARS-CoV-2 hospitalization. We conducted a retrospective analysis based on the French national hospitalization database. We identified all patients hospitalized for deliberate self-harm (10th edition of the International Classification of Diseases codes X60-X84) between March 2020 and March 2021. To study the effect of SARS-CoV-2 hospitalization on the risk of readmission for self-harm at 1-year of the inclusion, we performed a multivariable Fine and Gray model considering hospital death as a competing event. A total of 61,782 individuals were hospitalized for self-harm. During the 1-year follow-up, 9,403 (15.22%) were readmitted for self-harm. Between inclusion and self-harm readmission or the end of follow-up, 1,214 (1.96% of the study cohort) were hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 (mean age 60years, 52.9% women) while 60,568 were not (mean age 45years, 57% women). Multivariate models revealed that the factors independently associated with self-harm readmission were: hospitalization with SARS-CoV-2 (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR)=3.04 [2.73-3.37]), psychiatric disorders (aHR=1.61 [1.53-1.69]), self-harm history (aHR=2.00 [1.88-2.04]), intensive care and age above 80. In hospitalized people with a personal history of self-harm, infection with SARS-CoV-2 increased the risk of readmission of self-harm, with an effect that seemed to add to the effect of a history of mental disorders, with an equally significant magnitude. Infection may be a significantly stressful condition that precipitates self-harming acts in vulnerable individuals. Clinicians should pay particular attention to the emergence of suicidal ideation in these patients in the aftermath of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Involvement of adverse life events in body image distortion in a patient with eating disorders

Adverse life events (ALEs), particularly interpersonal ALEs and those experienced during childhood are associated with adult psychopathology. Altered eating behaviors and body image distortion (BID) have been reported in maltreated children. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of interpersonal ALEs before the age of 13 years in patients with eating disorders (ED) and clarify its relationship with BID. This observational case–control study comprised the ED group, including 79 outpatients with ED, and two control groups, including 20 outpatients with depressive disorder and 41 participants with no history of mental illness. The presence of ALEs was determined using the Traumatic Events Questionnaire. To assess BID, the contouring drawing rate scale was used, and visual BID was distinguished from non-visual BID. Data were collected and processed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences v28. All tests were two-tailed (significance level of 0.05). Patients with ED had a higher proportion of interpersonal ALEs during childhood (P = 0.065). In the ED group, patients with interpersonal ALEs during childhood overestimated their shape (P = 0.021). The non-visual BID was significantly higher in patients with childhood ALEs. In a logistic regression model, the presence of interpersonal ALEs during childhood as an independent variable predicted visual and non-visual BID in patients with ED. During the estimation of body shape, it appears that the negative emotions experienced during childhood are shifted to the body shape itself. Thus, the BID experienced is attributed more to the unresolved emotions of the maltreated individuals than to the social pressures experienced.

Depression among Saudi international university students and its associated risk factors

IntroductionDepression disorders are one of the most widespread mental disorders among college students. In university students, depression has been associated with lower academic performance, worse work performance, and increased dropout risk. his study aims to assess the prevalence of depression and highlight risk factors among Saudi international university students (IUS) in the United States (US), the United Kingdom (UK), and Australia.Subject and methodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted among Saudi students who chose to study abroad. A self-administered online questionnaire was sent to the students using an online survey. The questionnaire includes socio-demographic data (e.g., age, gender, specialty, etc.), medical characteristics, social status, and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8) to assess the student's depression.ResultsOf the 401 students, 52.4% were younger (age 18 – 25 years), and more than half were males (53.9%). Most of the participants were studying in the US (46.6%), followed by the UK (40.6%) and Australia (12.7%). The rate of major depression among Saudi students studying abroad was 40.4%. In univariate analysis, major depression was influenced by age, marital status, specialty, personal and family history of mental illness, contact with family and friends, and feeling like a stranger. However, after conducting multivariate regression analysis, previous diagnoses of mental illness and feeling a stranger were identified as the significant independent risk factors for major depression.ConclusionThis study provides insights into the prevalence and risk factors associated with depression among Saudi IUS. The prevalence of major depression among Saudi IUS was 40.4%. Previous history of mental illness and feeling like strangers were identified as the most prominent risk factors in this study. Identifying the prevalence and contributing factors of depression can guide academic institutions and governments in the development of effective interventions and support for IUS’s mental well-being. Future research could diversify the sample and employ longitudinal designs.

Attitudes of primary healthcare nurses towards people living with mental illness in Botswana

Background: The global disease burden attributable to mental and neurological disorders has been increasing over the years. World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the integration of mental health services into existing primary healthcare framework as one strategy for dealing with the burden. Understanding the attitudes of nurses towards people with mental illness is important for a successful integration and management outcome of patients.Aim: This study aimed to determine primary healthcare nurses’ attitudes towards people with mental illness.Setting: The study was conducted at Greater Lobatse health district, one of the primary healthcare districts in Botswana.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 202 nurses working in the greater Lobatse health district from 01 May 2023 to 30 November 2023. Convenience sampling was used. Data were collected using a structured self-administered questionnaire.Results: The prevalence of negative attitudes was 51.5%. The mean age (standard deviation [s.d.]) of respondents was 33.4 (8.0) years. Being a non-specialised nurse (B= –0.184; p = 0.014), having a personal history of mental illness (B = –0.215; p = 0.002), and having poor knowledge about mental illness (B = –0.149; p = 0.032) were associated with negative attitudes.Conclusion: More than half of the respondents have negative attitudes towards people with mental illness. This justifies the need for training and educational programmes and anti-stigma campaigns among primary healthcare nurses to mitigate negative attitudes.Contribution: This study provides insight into primary healthcare nurses’ attitudes towards people with mental illness.

Mortality in people with mental disorders in Poland during the COVID-19 pandemic: a nationwide, register-based cohort study.

People with mental disorders in Poland have increased standardized mortality ratios (SMRs). This is the first study to assess all-cause mortality in people with mental disorders in Poland during the COVID-19 pandemic. A nationwide, register-based cohort study utilizing data from the registry of healthcare services (2011-2020) and the all-cause death registry (2021) in Poland was conducted. Individuals who were consulted or hospitalized in public mental healthcare facilities and received at least one diagnosis of mental disorders (ICD-10) from 2011 to 2020 were identified. SMRs were compared between people with a history of mental disorder and the general population. SMRs for the pandemic period were also compared with prepandemic SMRs calculated for 2019.No significant differences in SMRs were observed overall between 2021 and 2019. A minor increase in SMR was observed in 2021 for people treated only in outpatient mental health clinics. In 2021, a significant decrease in SMRs was shown for individuals with diagnoses from groups F10-F19 and F20-F29, and a significant increase in SMRs was observed for those with diagnoses from group F40-F48. SMRs for people with any mental disorder in Poland in 2021 remained at comparable levels to those in 2019.

Transitioning to fatherhood: Prospective effects of wellbeing on future depression symptoms.

Becoming a father is a critical period of life transition. Evidence suggests that lifetime history of mental health disorder/s and elevated depressive symptoms prior to conception increase risk for men's postnatal depression. Less is understood about the role of positive mental health, or wellbeing, as a protective factor for future depressive outcomes during the transition to fatherhood. The present study investigated whether men's post-natal depressive outcomes were associated with pre-conception levels of wellbeing and whether wellbeing during the post-natal period predicted depressive outcomes post-infancy. Secondary analysis of data from a national, longitudinal cohort study of men's health, namely, The Ten to Men Study (TTM), was conducted. Participants in the pre-conception sample were n = 350 men for whom data were available at both a pre-conception baseline and post-natal follow-up. The post-natal sample were n = 427 men with post-natal baseline data and post-infancy follow-up. Multivariate negative binomial regressions and logistic regression models were used to determine pre-conception and post-natal predictors of future depressive outcomes. Men's pre-conception depressive symptoms were the best predictor of post-natal depressive symptoms (IRR = 1.089, p < 0.001) and risk of moderate-severe depression (IRR = 1.193, p = 0.005) the latter of which was also predicted by a previous mental health diagnosis (IRR = 3.079, p = 0.029). Similarly, post-natal depressive symptoms were the best predictor of post-infancy depressive symptoms (IRR = 1.089, p < 0.001) and risk of moderate-severe depression (IRR = 1.193, p = 0.005) alongside lifetime prevalence of a mental health disorder (symptoms: IRR = 1.317, p = 0.011; moderate-severe depression: IRR = 2.606, p = 0.023). Preconception levels of wellbeing predicted lower post-natal depressive symptoms (IRR = 0.988, p < 0.001) and reduced risk of moderate-severe depression (IRR = 0.940, p = 0.002) after controlling for baseline symptoms and sociodemographic and behavioural confounds; however, wellbeing during the post-natal period did not predict either depressive outcome post-infancy. Fatherhood-specific risk factors for mental health outcomes (e.g., conception difficulties, maternal postnatal mental health) were not assessed in the present study, and only one aspect of wellbeing was captured. Screening for history of common mental health disorders and current symptoms is recommended to inform preventative approaches to paternal mental health care during early fatherhood. Inclusion of wellbeing in such screening procedures may be beneficial, however, further research is required to elucidate the prospective associations between wellbeing and depressive symptoms during the transition to fatherhood.

Satisfaction Among Recipients of Cosmetic Facial Filling Procedures at Dermatology Clinics in Saudi Arabia: A National Study.

Facial cosmetic procedures, known for their rising popularity, frequently yield high patient satisfaction. However, certain patient characteristics may influence this satisfaction. Additionally, patients' satisfaction can affect their attitudes and preferences toward these procedures and recommendations to others. Our study aimed to assess post-procedure satisfaction among individuals who have undergone cosmetic facial filling procedures at dermatology clinics. This cross-sectional study targeted the Saudi population who had undergone cosmetic facial filling procedures, excluding individuals under 18, those with a history of mental health disorders, or invasive surgical procedures, as well as those unable or unwilling to provide informed consent. Data were collected using a comprehensive questionnaire covering demographics, procedure details, satisfaction, and future plans. A 5-point Likert scale was used to assess self-perception and satisfaction. The questionnaire was developed after expert consultation and a literature review, with overall satisfaction calculated as the mean of all items. In this study of 408 participants in Saudi Arabia, predominantly young, unmarried females, high satisfaction levels were observed following cosmetic facial filling procedures, with a mean score of 3.9 for procedure results and 3.8 for meeting expectations. Most participants were Saudi nationals (97.8%), aged below 25 (41.7%), and held Bachelor's degrees (80.6%), with a majority being females (87.7%). Notably, factors significantly affecting overall satisfaction included gender (p = 0.001), marital status (p = 0.023), income (p = 0.031), procedure duration (p = 0.003), and procedure type (p = 0.046). These findings offer crucial insights for enhancing patient experiences and outcomes in cosmetic facial filling procedures. This study unveiled substantial self-satisfaction levels, particularly regarding appearance and social well-being, emphasizing the significance of informative pre-procedure guidance, while gender, marital status, income, procedure duration, and type significantly impacted satisfaction. Healthcare providers must heed these factors to enhance patient contentment and overall procedure success.

FREQUENCY OF GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER IN HOSPITALIZED COVID-19 PATIENT

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on mental health, with anxiety disorders being particularly prevalent among hospitalized patients. Identifying and addressing mental health issues like generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is crucial for improving patient outcomes and providing holistic care. Objective: To determine the frequency of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) among hospitalized COVID-19 patients at MTI-Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, and to explore its association with gender and socioeconomic status. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Psychiatry at MTI-Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, over six months, from October 16, 2021, to April 16, 2022. A total of 179 hospitalized COVID-19 patients, aged 25 years and above, were included. Patients presenting with symptoms of anxiety were assessed using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale. Unstable patients, who had a history of other mental disorders or were receiving treatment for depression and anxiety were excluded. Data were analyzed using statistical methods to explore associations between GAD and demographic factors such as gender and socioeconomic status. Results: The study included 179 COVID-19 patients, with a mean age of 43.50 ± 10.18 years. Generalized anxiety disorder was identified in 62 patients, representing 34.6% of the total population. GAD prevalence was significantly higher among female patients (p &lt; 0.001) and those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds (p = 0.002). Conclusion: This study highlights a high prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder among hospitalized COVID-19 patients, particularly among females and those of lower socioeconomic status. The findings underscore the need for routine mental health screening and targeted interventions to address anxiety in this vulnerable population.

Special Needs in Substance Use Treatment for Women Who Use Drugs: Social and Mental Health Factors

Women who receive substance use treatment have a particular classification of sensitivity to European drugs and drug use (according to the EMCDDA). The average level of women’s treatment is lower than men’s across Europe, while women’s abandonment is higher than men’s. The purpose of this study was to examine the factors associated with problems for women who use drugs, analyzing several psychological and social factors (gender, substance use, mental health, source of economic support, legal status, and abuse). Methodology: This was a quantitative study. Data on 2179 people receiving rehabilitation treatment were obtained from the EuropASI survey. The dependent variables in this study were (1) a patient’s known history of addiction and mental illness; (2) primary drug use; (3) drug use in their lifetime and the past month; (4) mood in their lifetime and the past month, physical condition, and sexual abuse history; (5) mental illness in their lifetime and the past month (including suicide attempts); (6) legal status in their lifetime and the past month; (7) and source of income in the past month and (8) and the number of patients. The factor of gender was taken as a dichotomous variable (male–female). The confidence interval used was 95%. Results: In summary, we found that women had consumed more alcohol, used more drugs, and suffered more from depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation than men, both during their lifetimes and in the past month. In addition, women were more likely than men to be stigmatized for prostitution because their financial support came mainly from colleagues, friends, and family, as well as from prostitution. Finally, women had experienced more violence (emotional, physical, and sexual) during their lifetimes and in the last month than men. Conclusion: There appears to be a need to develop a comprehensive treatment network for addictive behaviors from a multifactorial perspective, including harm reduction, psychosocial support, and recovery programs; furthermore, targeting specific groups with special needs, such as women, especially those with mental health problems, women with alcoholism, and abused women, it also seems important to develop adaptive recovery programs within addictive behavior treatment networks.

The association between the mental health disorders, substance abuse, and tobacco use with head & neck cancer stage at diagnosis.

Mental health disorders, substance abuse, and tobacco use are prevalent in the US population. However, the association between these conditions and head and neck cancer (HNC) stage is poorly understood. This research aims to uncover the relationship between pre-existing mental health disorders, substance abuse, and tobacco use and HNC stage at diagnosis in patients receiving care in an integrated, public safety-net healthcare system. This study was a secondary data analysis of linked hospital tumor registries and electronic health record (EHR) data. The study's primary independent variables were the comorbidities of mental health disorders, substance abuse, and tobacco use. The dependent variable was HNC stage at diagnosis, operationalized as early stage (i.e., stages I, II, and III) and advanced stage (stage IV, IVA, IVB, or IVC). The analysis included multivariable logistic regression adjusted for covariates of demographic variables, tumor anato RESULTS: The study population consisted of 357 patients with median age of 59years, and was primarily male (77%), diverse (Black or African American 41%; Hispanic 22%), and from neighborhoods with low income (median average annual household income $39,785). Patients with a history of mental health disorders with or without tobacco use had significantly lower odds of advanced stage HNC at diagnosis (adjusted OR = 0.35, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.17-0.72.) while patients with a history of substance abuse with or without tobacco use had significantly higher odds of advanced stage HNC at diagnosis (adjusted OR 1.41, 95% CI: 1.01-1.98) than patients with no history of mental health disorders, substance abuse, or tobacco use. The relationship between HNC stage at diagnosis and the comorbidities of mental health disorders, substance abuse, or tobacco differs depending on the type and co-occurrence of these comorbidities. These findings demonstrate the need for innovative care delivery models and education initiatives tailored to meet the needs of patients with mental health disorders, substance abuse, and tobacco use that facilitate early detection of HNC.

Stigma towards people with mental conditions in healthcare workers: an Italian cross-sectional study

Abstract Background Stigma towards people with mental disorders (MD) in healthcare workers (HCWs) can negatively influence the quality of care provided and hinder patients from accessing healthcare. The aim of this study was to analyze stigma and its determinants among physicians and nurses in Italy, as a basis for future strategies to reduce its extent. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from April to September 2023. A sample of 1053 physicians and nurses working in Italy answered an online 52-item questionnaire. Variables explored demographic data, work context, burnout symptoms, and personal or family history of MD. The Opening Minds Scale for Health Care Providers (OMS-HC) was used to assess the level of stigma (score from 20 to 100, higher scores represent higher levels). Descriptive analysis and multivariable linear regression were performed. Results Females were 69.5% and median age was 48 years (IQR=37-58). Physicians were 60.5%. A total of 20% of the sample worked in psychiatric settings. Burnout symptoms were reported by 23.5%. Results showed a median OMS-HC score of 49 (IQR=43-54). Positive associations with stigmatizing attitudes were found for being a nurse (p = 0.020) and being in burnout (p = 0.017), while working in a psychiatric setting (p &amp;lt; 0.001) and having personal or family history of MD (p &amp;lt; 0.001) had negative associations. Conclusions This research unveiled a notable amount of stigma among Italian HCWs towards individuals with MD. Since people with MD experience higher rates of disability and mortality, it has to be a public health priority to develop targeted strategies to reduce stigma in HCWs, as it discourages patients from accessing healthcare. Future interventions should be tailored for different professionals and dealing with HCWs burnout. Key messages • Future interventions should consider that healthcare workers in burnout and nurses tend to have more stigma toward patients with mental conditions. • Healthcare professionals working in psychiatric settings and having personal or family history of mental disorders showed lower stigma.

The Dialectical Difference: Evaluation of a Modified-Dialectical Behavior Therapy Group for Incarcerated Women in South Australia

Women in custody commonly report high rates of trauma, increased contact with mental health services, and have a significant history of mental illness. Over a 2-year period, we ran seven groups using a modified Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) program at the Adelaide Women’s Prison, South Australia. Participants completed pre- and post-group measures to explore their DBT skills use, coping behaviors, and depression, anxiety and stress symptoms. We also completed post-group interviews. Quantitative and qualitative findings support the use of this modified DBT program to improve women’s coping skills, emotion regulation, mental health symptoms and self-reported behavior whilst in custody.

Prevalence of hazardous alcohol consumption and associated factors among HIV-positive pregnant women attending public hospitals in Northwest Ethiopia: a multicentred cross-sectional study

BackgroundAlcohol is a major public health problem in pregnant women due to its harmful effects on pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes. Therefore, assessing the prevalence and the factors associated with...

Determinants of patient nonattendance in HIV/AIDS suburban clinics: A case study in clinic staff perceptions

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to analyze HIV/AIDS clinic staff perceptions of patient nonattendance to develop location-specific strategies for attendance rate improvement. People living with HIV may provide incomplete information regarding their behavior given the culture of secrecy, history of mental illness, and illegal nature of intravenous drug use. Staff perspectives offer insights that the patients may not recognize or be willing to admit. The investigation examined 32 staff interviews, a perspective yet to be explored in depth, at four suburban Midwestern and Southern HIV/AIDS clinics. Thematic analysis revealed five nonattendance determinants: social, cultural, physical, psychological, and logistical. Subthemes not found in previous studies emerged across clinics, including religious and language barriers in the local Hispanic, Burmese, and Haitian Creole populations. The qualitative study yielded previously unknown explanations for patterns in data common in the literature. For example, the staff more often associated the younger generation with feelings of invincibility, but the older generation with limited access to future care due to physical mobility issues. Clinic administration identified a new trend of patients taking temporary holidays from care. Given the differing subthemes, location-specific attendance intervention strategies are proposed.

Effects of 6-week olanzapine treatment on serum IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α levels in drug-naive individuals with first-episode schizophrenia

BackgroundSchizophrenia is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder. Growing evidence indicates that the activation of the inflammatory response system with interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia,. However, clinical data on cytokine levels in patients with schizophrenia treated with antipsychotics are inconsistent or inconclusive. In this study, we have examined inflammatory factors’ alterations and their relationship to changes in clinical symptoms before and after olanzapine treatment of drug-naive patients with first-episode schizophrenia.MethodsWe recruited 142 hospitalized patients with first-episode schizophrenia as a study group; blood samples were collected, and the patients were assessed for clinical symptoms at baseline and after 6 weeks of olanzapine treatment. One hundred individuals with no history of mental illness were also recruited as healthy controls. Blood samples were collected, and the serum levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α were determined using an enzyme cycling assay. The severity of clinical symptoms was assessed according to the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS).ResultsIndividuals with schizophrenia had lower IL-8 levels and higher IL-10 levels than healthy controls (P < 0.001). Positive correlations were detected between serum IL-2 and IL-10 concentrations and each subscale of the PANSS (all P < 0.05). Moreover, a negative correlation existed between the serum IL-8 concentration and the PANSS negative score (r = − 0.172, P = 0.040). After 6 weeks of treatment, serum IL-8 levels in the patient group were lower than at baseline (P < 0.001), whereas serum IL-10 and TNF-α levels were higher than at baseline (all P < 0.05). Therefore, serum IL-10 can be determined as an independent risk factor for outcome in patients with first-episode schizophrenia (P = 0.02, OR = 2.327). Furthermore, serum IL-2, IL-10, and TNF-α levels were significantly lower, whereas the serum IL-8 level was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in the healthy control group than in the “response” and “no-response” treatment groups respectively.ConclusionsOur results indicate that serum IL-2, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α levels may be involved in the pathophysiological mechanisms of schizophrenia and correlate with the effects of olanzapine.

Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Pelaku yang Memiliki Riwayat Gangguan Jiwa pada Perkara Pembunuhan di Kabupaten Kebumen

The problem faced is What is the criminal responsibility of the perpetrators of the crime of murder if the perpetrator has a history of psychiatric disorders in decision number 174/Pid.B/2018/PN.Kbm, and what factors are the cause of the murder case committed by the perpetrator who has a history of psychiatric disorders in decision number 174/Pid.B/2018/PN.Kbm, as well as how the judge's legal considerations in imposing a crime on the perpetrator murder criminal who has a history of mental disorders in decision number 174/Pid.B/2018/PN.Kbm? offender with a history of mental disorders. This type of research is normative legal research with the approach method used is normative juridical (normative legal research method). The research findings based on psychiatric examination and observation by specialist doctors at RSJ Prof. Dr. Soerojo Magelang on the suspect Sumudi bin Sodali include laboratory results within normal limits and for psychological examinations, intelligence level (IQ) is 75-79 /borderline and anti-social personality disorder with paranoia. As for other diagnoses, namely: Axis I (aspect I): F60.2 Anti-social personality disorder, meaning that the patient has a behavioral disorder characterized by not caring about social norms, cheating or lying, often committing criminal acts, and no sense of guilt and regret.; Axis II (aspect II): Paranoid personality trait meaning that the patient is easily suspicious.; Axis III (aspect III): No diagnosis, meaning no physical illness is found; Axis IV (aspect IV): Problems related to law /criminal means that the patient often violates the law/criminal.; Axis V (aspect V): Global function assessment 70-61, meaning some difficulties in social and work functioning, but in general functioning well, having a significant relationship. The conclusion is that based on the expert's statement that for cases of law violations that have been committed by a patient named Mr. SUMUDI bin SODALI towards his own biological mother is part of a mental disorder, but not a severe mental disorder (psychotic) so that the patient can still direct his will consciously.

Medication Adherence and Functioning in Individuals With Bipolar Disorder Type I.

To determine the correlation between medication adherence and functioning in individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) and the predictors of functionality. This cross-sectional and correlational study was conducted with 145 individuals with BD type I. Data were collected using a Patient Information Form, the Medication Adherence Rating Scale, and Functioning Assessment Short Test. Findings showed that most participants did not take medication as prescribed. Medication adherence was negatively correlated with functionality. Predictors of functionality were years of treatment, number of hospitalizations, working status, medication adherence, family history of mental illness, and history of suicide. Medication nonadherence is a fundamental problem for individuals with BD. Nursing interventions to increase functionality and medication adherence among this at-risk group should be planned and implemented. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, xx(xx), xx-xx.].

Gun Ownership for Safety/Protection and Unsecure Firearm Storage Practices: Suicide Risk and Prevention among U.S. Army Servicemembers

Introduction: 2021 had the highest number firearm suicide deaths in U.S. history, with veterans representing 62.4% of firearm suicide deaths. The study objective is to understand motivations for firearm ownership, storage practices, history of mental health disorders and suicide risk in servicemembers, as reported by family members. Methods. Data were obtained from a case-control psychological autopsy study of 135 suicide decedents in the U.S. Army compared to a probability sample of 255 living controls, who are also service members weighted to be representative of the Army. Next-of-kin and Army supervisor informants participated in structured interviews and assessed reasons for firearm ownership, and storage practices. The military medical record provided mental health history of suicide decedents. A subsample of 123 personal firearm owners (n = 31 cases and n = 92 living controls) addressed the study objectives. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were constructed to examine predictors of unsecured firearm storage practices. Results: Family members reported safety/protection as the main reason for suicide decedents’ firearm ownership, which was significantly associated with unsecure firearm storage practices (OR = 3.8, 95% CI, 1.65, 8.75, x2 = 9.88, p = 0.0017). Ownership for safety/protection and lifetime history of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) from the military medical record (OR = 3.65, 95% CI, 1.48 – 9.02, x2 = 7.89 p = 0.0050) predicted unsecure storage. Conclusions: Ownership for safety/protection and the presence of clinically significant anxiety predicted unsecure firearm storage practices. Future research examining motivations for gun ownership for safety/protection, anxiety, and unsecure storage practices may help target interventions to prevent suicide.

Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Depressive Symptoms Among Healthcare Professionals at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Mogadishu, Somalia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Depression, a prevalent mental health issue, can significantly impact healthcare workers (HCWs), leading to decreased productivity, increased turnover, and high medical errors. However, there is a dearth of information regarding depression among healthcare professionals in Somalia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the magnitude and risk factors associated with depressive symptoms among healthcare professionals in Mogadishu, Somalia. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among HCWs at Erdogan Hospital, in the capital city of Somalia. Data was collected using questionnaires on socio demographic, work-related characteristics and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify variables associated with depressive symptoms. A p-values of 0.05 as a cutoff for a significant association. The prevalence of depressive symptoms among healthcare professionals was 48.9% (95% CI: 45.4-56.9%). In multivariable analysis, being female (AOR = 2.05; 95% CI: 1.17-3.60), being a nurse (AOR = 3.11; 95% CI: 1.14-8.48), unmarried (AOR = 1.83; 95% CI: 1.04-3.21), having insufficient sleep (AOR = 2.61; 95% CI: 1.45-4.70), a family history of mental illness (AOR = 3.31; 95% CI: 1.49-7.36), lack of physical activity (AOR = 2.59; 95% CI: 1.19-5.62), and having low social support (AOR = 3.06; 95% CI: 1.17-7.98) were all associated with increased odds of experiencing depressive symptoms. The study showed that nearly half of healthcare professionals experienced depressive symptoms. The study underscores the importance of efficient screening methods for identifying psychological symptoms in healthcare professionals, which is essential for enhancing their mental health and patient care. Therefore, we recommend that healthcare institutions and policymakers develop and implement screening measures to identify and improve the mental health well-being of HCWs, as well as provide high-quality patient care.

Exploring internet addiction during Covid-19 pandemic: a comparative study considering psychological, social, familial and individual aspects in University students.

Internet addiction causes a variety of social, interpersonal, psychological, and physical issues. We are confronting a worldwide crisis about internet addiction and its effects. Utilizing five questionnaires to survey university students during the COVID-19 epidemic, the current study sought to evaluate internet addiction and associated risk variables. At the University of Medical Sciences in North Iran, a cross-sectional analytical investigation was carried out. The sample was done among 318 students, selected through the random cluster sampling method. Data collection was done during August and September 2021. Based on our findings, the prevalence of internet addiction was 28.9% (92/318). Our results revealed that women are at twice the twice the risk of internet addiction as men (p = 0.028). Students in the medicinal field (p = 0.043; students with a positive history of mental illness in the family) p = 0.001 (and students with a fear of COVID-19) p = 0.002 (recognized in the risk of Internet addiction, thus depression) p < 0.001 (anxiety) p < 0.001 (somatization) p = 0.001 (and psychological distress) p < 0.001 are risk factors for internet addiction. Age, marital status, place of living, total social support, and use of Alcohol/cigarettes are not risk factors for internet addiction. The findings suggest that university students with a fear of COVID-19, depression, anxiety, somatization, psychological distress and a positive history of mental illness in the family, particularly medicinal field students, are at significant risk for Internet addiction.