History Of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research Articles

The longitudinal progression of MRI changes in pre-ataxic carriers of SCA3/MJD.

The natural history of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in pre-ataxic stages of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3/Machado-Joseph disease (SCA3/MJD) is not well known. We report cross-sectional and longitudinal data obtained at this stage. Baseline (follow-up) observations included 32 (17) pre-ataxic carriers (SARA < 3) and 20 (12) related controls. The mutation length was used to estimate the time to onset (TimeTo) of gait ataxia. Clinical scales and MRIs were performed at baseline and after a median (IQR) of 30 (7) months. Cerebellar volumetries (ACAPULCO), deep gray-matter (T1-Multiatlas), cortical thickness (FreeSurfer), cervical spinal cord area (SCT) and white matter (DTI-Multiatlas) were assessed. Baseline differences between groups were described; variables that presented a p < 0.1 after Bonferroni correction were assessed longitudinally, using TimeTo and study time. For TimeTo strategy, corrections for age, sex and intracranial volume were done with Z-score progression. A significance level of 5% was adopted. SCT at C1 level distinguished pre-ataxic carriers from controls. DTI measures of the right inferior cerebellar peduncle (ICP), bilateral middle cerebellar peduncles (MCP) and bilateral medial lemniscus (ML), also distinguished pre-ataxic carriers from controls, and progressed over TimeTo, with effect sizes varying from 0.11 to 0.20, larger than those of the clinical scales. No MRI variable showed progression over study time. DTI parameters of the right ICP, left MCP and right ML were the best biomarkers for the pre-ataxic stage of SCA3/MJD. TimeTo is an interesting timescale, since it captured the longitudinal worsening of these structures.

The history of magnetic resonance imaging and its reflections in Acta Radiologica.

The first reports in Acta Radiologica on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were published in 1984, four years after the first commercial MR scanners became available. For the first two years, all MR papers originated from the USA. Nordic contributions started in 1986, and until 2020, authors from 44 different countries have published MR papers in Acta Radiologica. Papers on MRI have constituted, on average, 30%-40% of all published original articles in Acta Radiologica, with a high of 49% in 2019. The MR papers published since 1984 document tremendous progress in several areas such as magnet and coil design, motion compensation techniques, faster image acquisitions, new image contrast, contrast-enhanced MRI, functional MRI, and image analysis. In this historical review, all of these aspects of MRI are discussed and related to Acta Radiologica papers.

P3140Burden and the clinical significance of the retained cardiac implantable electronic device components after heart transplantation

Abstract Background Cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) are common in patients undergoing heart transplantation (HT), and complete removal is not always possible at the time of transplantation. Frequency and clinical significance of retained CIED components after HT is not well studied. Methods Adult heart failure patients whom had heart transplantation in our institution from date June 2000 to December 2018 were retrospectively evaluated. Pre-post operative chest x-rays and recorded fluoroscopy images of the previous coronary angiograms or endomyocardial biopsies were reviewed by a single observer for retained CIED components. All patients clinical records were also reviewed for adverse outcomes of retained components such as deep venous thrombosis of upper extremity, infection and mortality. Results A total of 226 patients had bicaval orthotopic heart transplantation during study time. 73 (32%) of the patients had CIED before transplantation and 24 (32.8%) of the patients had retained lead components after HT. (Table 1) All of the components were part of a superior vena cava coil of the right ventricular ICD lead. Mean follow up time was 46.6±49.8 months and only 1 (1.3%) adverse event (right subclavian DVT) occurred in a patient with retained lead. There were not any statistical significance for mortality and infection between patients with and without lead fragments. Patients were also compared for history of any cardiac surgery before HT, especially ventricular assist device procedures and no differences were observed between groups. For history of any cardiac surgery p=0.748, for assist device surgery, p=0.269). Patient's medical records reviewed for a history of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Two patients with retained lead fragments had non-thorocic (abdominal and cranial) MRI and any clinical pathology did not observed after MRI. Table 1 All Patients With Retained CIED comp. Without Retained CIED comp. p (n=226) (n=24) (n=49) Age ± sd 42.91±12.2 44.88±12.6 41.59±13 0.290 Ischemic etiology 65 (28.8%) 8 (33.3%) 13 (26.5%) 0.546 CIED type CRT-D 5 (20.8%) 5 (%10.2) 0.215 DR-ICD 5 (20.8%) 8 (16.3%) 0.636 VR-ICD 14 (58.3%) 35 (71.4%) 0.263 Dual coil ICD lead 24 (100%) 48 (97%) 1 Mortality (%) 96 (42.5) 7 (37%) 20 (40.8%) 0.463 Conclusion Retained CIED components were seen 32.8% of the HT patients with CIED prior to transplantation. According to our data retained leads are not associated with severe adverse clinical outcomes. Also non cardiac MRI could be safe in patients with retained lead fragments.

Short-term Repeat Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scans in Suspected Early Axial Spondyloarthritis Are Clinically Relevant Only in HLA-B27-positive Male Subjects.

Our study investigated the natural history of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-determined bone marrow edema over a 12-week period in individuals with suspected axial spondyloarthritis. There were 109 MRI scans performed on 30 patients who fulfilled the Assessment of Spondyloarthritis international Society inflammatory back pain criteria at baseline and at 4, 8, and 12 weeks. There were 29 patients who completed the study. Only 4 (14%) patients changed from MRI-negative to MRI-positive (all HLA-B27-positive, OR 2.74). Three of 7 (43%) male HLA-B27-positive patients, 1 of 8 (12.5%) HLA-B27-positive female patients, and no HLA-B27-negative patients changed from MRI- negative to -positive. Repeat MRI scans within a 12-week period should be considered in HLA-B27-positive males.

Imaging of lumbar degenerative disk disease: history and current state

One of the most common indications for performing magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the lumbar spine is the symptom complex thought to originate as a result of degenerative disk disease. MR imaging, which has emerged as perhaps the modality of choice for imaging degenerative disk disease, can readily demonstrate disk pathology, degenerative endplate changes, facet and ligamentous hypertrophic changes, and the sequelae of instability. Its role in terms of predicting natural history of low back pain, identifying causality, or offering prognostic information is unclear. As available modalities for imaging the spine have progressed from radiography, myelography, and computed tomography to MR imaging, there have also been advances in spine surgery for degenerative disk disease. These advances are described in a temporal context for historical purposes with a focus on MR imaging's history and current state.

26. Nothing but the truth, so help me God: The history of magnetic resonance imaging

On the morning of October 10, 2003, the residents of New York awoke to find that an entire page of their beloved paper, The Times, had been usurped for the sole purpose of flagrant self-promotion and protestation. On his own behalf, Dr. Raymand Damadian had purchased a one page spread bemoaning his exclusion in the Nobel Prize for Medicine that year which had previously been awarded to Paul Laterbur and Peter Mansfield for their contributions to the development of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Over the course of the next few months, the public was to witness a series of such articles proclaiming that a shameful wrong had been committed, and that the truth would eventually prove Dr. Damadian’s accusations.&#x0D; That truth lay in the early theoretical and technical foundations that led to the discovery of MRI. Described just after the Second World War, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was hailed as a breakthrough in physical chemistry for which Felix Bloch and Edward Purcell were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1952. Two decades later, in 1971, Dr. Damadian discovered that differences between the NMR signals of cancerous and normal tissue might provide a rapid means of cancer detection. However, Laterbur and Mansfield were the first to actually demonstrate images of live tissue using the application of magnetic gradients – the key to modern MRI.&#x0D; Though speculation exists that Dr. Damadian may have been excluded from the prize due to his religious beliefs or political rivalry, only time will reveal the whole truth when the Nobel files are opened 50 years hence.&#x0D; Bradley W. The Nobel Prize: Three Investigators Allowed but Two Were Chosen. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 2004; 19:520.&#x0D; Laterbur P. Image formation by induced local interactions: examples of employing nuclear magnetic resonance. Nature 1973; 242:190-191.&#x0D; Mansfield P, Grannell P. “NMR diffraction in solids?” Journal of Physics C: Solid State Physics 1973; 63:L433-L426.

Controversies in Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Hip

One of the first musculoskeletal areas to be imaged by magnetic resonance (MR) was the hip. Early on, and even today, the most frequent indication for imaging of the hip has been for the evaluation of osteonecrosis and related diseases. Despite the long history of MR imaging of osteonecrosis, there still exist many controversies. This article will look at three of these: (a) What is the best way of imaging early osteonecrosis? This question has proven to be particularly important in the evaluation of the posttraumatic patient. We provide some preliminary evidence that the use of gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging may be helpful. Specifically, gadolinium fails to enhance areas of early osteonecrosis while surrounding uninvolved areas do enhance. (b) How should the patient with "MR bone marrow edema of the hip" be evaluated and treated? If there is radiographic osteopenia, the assumption is that this represents transient osteoporosis (a self-limited disease) and no treatment is necessary. However, if no osteopenia is present, the diagnosis and treatment become more problematic. A decision-making algorithm is presented to help overcome this dilemma. (c) Is documented osteonecrosis of the hip ever reversible without surgical intervention? Work done with renal transplant patients suggests that the answer to this question is yes, but work reported from Europe casts some doubt on this conclusion.

A short illustrated history of magnetic resonance imaging.

The principles of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) evolved during the late 1970s and early years of the following decade. The author was fortunate in being able to visit many of the pioneer research projects in the U.K. and U.S.A. and attend two conferences. This paper briefly describes these projects and their role in the evolution of the present technology, illustrated by photographs obtained from colour slides taken during these visits.