History Of Full-term Pregnancy Research Articles

Factors associated with poorer childbirth outcomes in pregnant women diagnosed with placenta previa

ObjectivePlacenta previa is a health issue during pregnancy when the placenta wholly or partially covers the opening of the uterus. It can result in bleeding during pregnancy or after delivery, and preterm delivery. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors correlated with poorer childbirth outcomes of placenta previa. Materials and methodsBetween May 2019 and January 2021, pregnant women diagnosed with placenta previa in our hospital were enrolled. Outcomes were postpartum hemorrhage after childbirth, and lower Apgar score and preterm delivery of the neonate. Laboratory blood examination data preoperatively were collected from medical records. ResultsA total of 131 subjects were included, with a median age 31 years. Multivariate analysis showed that fibrinogen reduced risk for postpartum hemorrhage (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 0.45, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.26–0.79, p = 0.005). Homocysteine (aOR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.54–0.99, p = 0.04) reduced the risk while D-dimer (aOR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.02–1.37, p = 0.02) increased the risk for low Apgar score. Age (aOR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.77–0.96, p = 0.005) decreased the risk but history of full-term pregnancy more than twice (aOR: 8.58, 95% CI: 2.32–31.71, p = 0.001) increased the risk for preterm delivery. ConclusionThe findings suggest that poorer childbirth outcomes in pregnant women with placenta previa are associated with young age, history of full-term pregnancy, and preoperative concentrations of low fibrinogen, low homocysteine and high D-dimer. This provides obstetricians adjunctive information for early screening of high-risk population and relevant treatment arrangement in advance.

Schaffer’s Method of Detorsion and Delivery of Triplets in a Non-Descript Goat

A non-descript doe was presented with a history of full-term pregnancy and abdominal straining. Clinical examination revealed a narrowing of the birth canal and twist of vaginal wall towards the clockwise direction, and the case was diagnosed as right side post cervical uterine torsion. Schaffer’s method of detorsion was attempted and two dead female fetuses along with a live female fetus were relieved. The doe was treated with antibiotics and other supportive therapy for two days. The animal showed an uneventful recovery.

Surgical management of dystocia due to ring womb condition in black Bengal doe: A case report

Dystocia is defined as difficulty in birth caused by many factors in animals. In small ruminants, it is a very common condition especially in goats. A three year old Black Bengal doe was presented to Veterinary Clinical Complex, WBUAFS, belgachia, Kolkata, with the history of full term pregnancy and distention of the lower abdomen. The animal was showing straining continuously for the past one day without progressing into parturition. Preliminary examinations followed by pervaginal examination identified that the cervix is not dilated and needs caesarian section. The doe was sedated by giving intra muscular injection of xylazine. Local infiltration of 2% lignocaine hydrochloride gave at the site of incision. Left ventral abdominal coeliotomy was done. On the body of the uterus incision was made and removed the dead fetus from the uterus. The uterus was sutured, followed by suturing of the peritoneum, muscle layers, and skin. Animals recovered from anesthesia without any complication. Postoperative treatment was done with antibiotics for seven days. Animals recovered after the course of antibiotics along with other supportive therapy.

Cytogenetic abnormalities in couples with a history of primary and secondary recurrent miscarriage: a Brazilian Multicentric Study

Objective: To evaluate the difference between chromosomal abnormalities between the gender of couples affected by Recurrent miscarriage (RM) and if there is an association between previous obstetric history and chromosomal abnormalities of the parents.Methods: Multicenter, retrospective, observational study from seven different RM clinics between 2006 and 2016. We enrolled 707 couples (1014 participants) with a history of RM. We compared the frequency of chromosomal abnormalities between groups of couples with primary and secondary RM and separated between women and their partners. Furthermore, we compared the prevalence of chromosomal abnormalities between groups based on the number of previous spontaneous abortions.Results: The overall prevalence of all cytogenetic abnormalities was 5.59% (n = 1414, women and their partners). Excluding cases of polymorphism and inversion of chromosome 9, which are considered variants of normality, the prevalence in all individuals was 2.26% (n = 32/1414). The comparative analysis of cases of chromosomal abnormalities among couples with primary and secondary RM based on the number of previous miscarriages (PM) revealed a similar frequency between groups. The statistical analysis of the total cases (primary PM + secondary PM) in these three groups were as follows: (a) couple, 2 pm versus 3 pm vs. ≥4 PM, p = .514; (b) women, 2 pm versus 3 pm vs. ≥4 PM, p = .347; and (3) partner, 2 pm versus 3 pm vs. ≥4 PM, p = .959. Chromosomal abnormalities were significantly more prevalent among women than among their partners (6.9 versus 4.2%; p = .027). Moreover, the distribution of leading chromosomal abnormalities among women was different compared with their partners. Among women, we observed these abnormalities in the following frequency order: mosaicism (38.8%), polymorphism (32.6%), translocation (16.3%), and inversion (12.3%). Among their partners, these abnormalities were polymorphism (73.3%), inversion (13.3%), mosaicism (6.7%), and translocation (6.7%).Conclusion: The number of PM and the history of full-term pregnancy does not correlate with an increase or decrease in the prevalence of cytogenetic abnormalities in couples with RM.

Risk of second primary malignancies in women with breast cancer: Results from the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (EPIC).

Women with a diagnosis of breast cancer are at increased risk of second primary cancers, and the identification of risk factors for the latter may have clinical implications. We have followed-up for 11 years 10,045 women with invasive breast cancer from a European cohort, and identified 492 second primary cancers, including 140 contralateral breast cancers. Expected and observed cases and Standardized Incidence Ratios (SIR) were estimated using Aalen-Johansen Markovian methods. Information on various risk factors was obtained from detailed questionnaires and anthropometric measurements. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the role of risk factors. Women with breast cancer had a 30% excess risk for second malignancies (95% confidence interval-CI 18-42) after excluding contralateral breast cancers. Risk was particularly elevated for colorectal cancer (SIR, 1.71, 95% CI 1.43-2.00), lymphoma (SIR 1.80, 95% CI 1.31-2.40), melanoma (2.12; 1.63-2.70), endometrium (2.18; 1.75-2.70) and kidney cancers (2.40; 1.57-3.52). Risk of second malignancies was positively associated with age at first cancer, body mass index and smoking status, while it was inversely associated with education, post-menopausal status and a history of full-term pregnancy. We describe in a large cohort of women with breast cancer a 30% excess of second primaries. Among risk factors for breast cancer, a history of full-term pregnancy was inversely associated with the risk of second primary cancer.

Dystocia due to dicephalus monster with kyphosis and arthrogryposis in a cross bred cow: a case report

A rare case of dystocia due to dicephalus monster with kyphosis and arthrogryphosis was recorded in a 5-year old crossbred cow presented with history of full term pregnancy, signs of labor since about 48 hrs, and unsuccessful pre-handling using unskilled traction. Vaginal examination revealed the presence of a dicephalic monster fetus with one of the heads severely damaged (broken jaw and damaged eye canthi). Caesarean section was performed and a female fetus with two heads, necks fused caudally, arthrogryposis in all the limbs and kyphosis was removed.

Abstract 3676: The use of r-hCG changes the transcriptome profile of nulliparous women carrying BRCA1 mutation

Abstract Nulliparity and inheritance of BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations are conditions associated with a greater risk of developing breast cancer. The knowledge that early parity reduces a woman's lifetime cancer risk and the demonstration in preclinical studies that the protective effect of pregnancy is mediated by the differentiation of the breast, which is manifested as permanent changes in the genomic/transcriptomic profile of this organ, led us to hypothesize that the transcriptomic profile of breast tissue of nulliparous BRCA1 mutation carriers would revert from high risk to lower risk after a short treatment with recombinant human chorionic gonadotropin (r-hCG). For this purpose we designed a pilot study for determining whether treatment of sexually mature, from 20 to 40 years of age, nulliparous women carriers of BRCA1 mutations with the r-hCG changes their breast epithelium's genomic profile to one similar to that identified in cancer-free postmenopausal women with a history of full term pregnancy. After signing an informed consent form, eligible candidates received 250 micrograms r-hCG applied as a subcutaneous injection 3 times a week for 12 weeks. Before initiation of treatment (T0), at the end (T12), and 24 weeks post-treatment (T24) a breast core needle biopsy (CNB) was performed by the study surgeon. In this proof of concept, tissues obtained from two volunteers were divided for histopathological and RNA analyses. Total RNA was extracted, prepared for hybridization using Two-Cycle Target Labeling and Control Reagents kits from Affymetrix, and hybridization to Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 chips. The chips were analyzed using GeneSpring GX v11.0 software (Agilent Technologies). Comparison of gene expression between T0 and T24 revealed 425 probes (254 up- and 171 down-regulated), representing 349 unique differentially expressed genes (p-value< 0.01). Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed that enriched biological processes (p<0.1) were related mainly to regulation of gene expression and transcription, such as chromatin-mediated maintenance of transcription (GO:0048096); regulation of DNA-dependent transcription (GO:0006355); positive regulation of epigenetic gene expression (GO:0045815), and RNA metabolic process (GO:0051252). Regulation of genes related to splicing factors (SF3A1, SFRS12IP1); RNA binding motifs proteins (RBM12, RBM12B, RBM16, RBM22), and methyltransferase like (METTL9, METTL14) was also observed. The changes in the breast's transcriptomic pattern induced by the r-hCG treatment were similar to those that have been detected in cancer-free postmenopausal parous women. These observations led us to conclude that this short term hormonal treatment activates biological processes that could confer a degree of protection from developing breast cancer similar to that induced by pregnancy. (Study supported by NCI grant R21 CA124522). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3676. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3676

The association of pregnancy history with areal and volumetric bone mineral density in adolescence

Studies demonstrate that pregnancy may interfere with bone mineral density. Adolescence is a crucial time of life for bone mass acquisition and there are some questions as to the influence of pregnancy on bone mass at this age. To evaluate the association between pregnancy history and areal (BMD) and volumetric (vBMD) bone mineral density in adolescence. A cross-sectional study of 119 adolescents ranging from 12-20 years of age was conducted; 30 of these girls had a history of full-term pregnancy. The adolescents were selected during a routine visit to the Adolescent Gynecology Outpatient Facility, completed a questionnaire, and had a physical examination to evaluate weight, height and Tanner stage. Bone mineral densitometry of the lumbar spine (L(1)-L(4)) and total body (TB) was performed to measure bone mineral density and body composition. The mean measurements of the area, bone mineral content (BMC), BMD and vBMD of L(1)-L(4) and the area, BMC and BMD of TB were not significantly different between adolescents with and without a pregnancy history, stratified by chronologic and gynecologic age. The percentage of adolescents with altered Z-scores was similar in both groups, and the prevalence ratio showed no association between pregnancy history and low bone mass (PR=0.52; CI 0.04-6.07). Upon multiple regression analysis, body mass index (BMI) and lean body mass (LBM) were the main factors associated with lumbar spine and total body measurements. Pregnancy history was inversely associated with areal BMD of L(1)-L(4) (R (2)=0.04) and vBMD of L(1)-L(4) (R (2)=0.04), accounting for only 4% variation in the lumbar spine. These data suggest that adolescent pregnancy seems to exert no significant influence on the acquisition of bone mass and does not appear to represent a risk factor for osteoporosis in the future.

Breast cancer risk associated with genotypic polymorphism of the mitosis‐regulating gene Aurora‐A/STK15/BTAK

Aneuploidy, an abnormal number of chromosomes, is relatively common and occurs early in breast cancer development. This observation supports a breast tumorigenic contribution of mechanisms responsible for maintaining chromosome number stability in which centrosomes play an essential role. We therefore speculated that the Aurora-A/STK15/BTAK gene, implicated in the regulation of centrosome duplication, may be associated with breast tumorigenesis. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a case-control study of 709 primary breast cancer patients and 1,972 healthy controls, examining single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including a suggested functional Phe31Ile SNP, in Aurora-A. We were also interested in knowing whether any association between Aurora-A and breast cancer was modified by reproductive risk factors reflecting susceptibility to estrogen exposure. Our hypothesis is that, since estrogen is known to promote breast cancer development via its mitogenic effect leading to malignant proliferation on breast epithelium and since Aurora-A is involved in regulating mitosis, the discovery of a joint effect between the Aurora-A genotype and reproductive risk factors on cancer risk might yield valuable clues to the association of breast tumorigenesis with estrogen. Support for this hypothesis came from the following observations. (i) Two SNPs in Aurora-A were significantly associated with breast cancer risk (p < 0.05). (ii) Haplotype analyses, based on different combinations of multiple SNPs in Aurora-A, revealed a strong association with breast cancer risk; interestingly, the genotypic distribution of the suggested functional Phe31Ile SNP was not significantly different between breast cancer patients and controls, but the specific haplotype containing the putative at-risk Ile allele was more common in patients. (iii) This association between risk and putative high-risk genotypes was stronger and more significant in women thought to be more susceptible to estrogen, i.e., those with a longer interval between menarche and first full-term pregnancy. (iv) The protective effect conferred by a history of full-term pregnancy was significant only in women with a putative low-risk genotype of Aurora-A. Our study provides new findings supporting the mutator role of Aurora-A in breast cancer development, suggesting that breast cancer could be driven by genomic instability associated with variant Aurora-A, the tumorigenic contribution of which could be enhanced as a result of increased mitosis due to estrogen exposure.

Life-style in Relation to the Risk of Breast Cancer*

A hospital-based case-control analysis was conducted to assess the relationship of life-style to breast cancer in Japan. The study population was selected among the outpatients of a hospital where information on life-style had been routinely collected prior to diagnosis since 1987. The ageadjusted risk to breast cancer significantly decreased with marital status, fullterm pregnancy history, number of fullterm pregnancies, number of breastfed children, and the average length of breastfeeding, while age at first fullterm pregnancy and family history of breast cancer were positively associated with the risk. The adjusted risk, controlling for potential confoundings, significantly decreased in alcohol drinkers. On the other hand, there was a significant dose-response gradient of increasing risk with smoking. No relationship of physical activity to the disease was observed. There were significant decreases in the risk with increasing intake of rice, bean curd, soy bean paste, and green vegetables. However, no evidence of increase in the risk was found with a high fat diet. These findings suggest that further study under the specific hypothesis in a different population should be followed to confirm the different risk factors of breast cancer in Oriental people from those in the Western countries.