History Of Economic Relations Research Articles

The right to property and the right of trust property (on the way to recodification of the civil legislation of Ukraine)

The article examines the socio-economic background of the introduction of trust and other trust-like structures in the legislation of Ukraine. As a result of considering the history of the origin of the institution of trust and a systematic analysis of the provisions of domestic civil legislation, reasoned conclusions were formulated on the issues studied. The given short historical retrospective of attempts to introduce trust property and trust-like constructions into the legislation of Ukraine allows to state that they almost always led to "unworthy", negative social, financial and economic results. The question of the purpose of ignoring one's own negative experience of implementing trust-like structures in the domestic civil legislation is reasonable. Isn't it better, remembering the functions of the science of civil law, to draw the right conclusions from this experience and rely on them in their further law-making activities?! The article draws attention to the experience of using the construction of trust and trust property in the Anglo-American legal system (which, unlike ours, is calculated for centuries), and establishes that this legal institution in addition to legitimate purposes (which are charity, preservation of property from waste, formation of pension funds, etc.), is extremely popular as a means of achieving illegal and negative social results (for example, such as tax evasion, abuse of tax rates, concealment of property and income, legalization of property obtained as a result of committing crime, concealment of illegal funding of political parties and their leaders, etc.). It is obvious that the blind borrowing of someone else for the domestic legal system and the archaic institution of trust property will lead to the penetration into our legal reality of all its inherent shortcomings. Law is a regulator of social relations (and economic in particular). In this case, public relations are primary, and law - secondary. Only those civil law institutions properly perform the regulatory function that determines their existence, which are in demand throughout the history of economic relations and necessary for society as a prerequisite for its normal existence and development. If social relations have not developed, then is there a need to create "artificial" legal institutions or to borrow legal structures generated in the bosom of other legal systems to regulate relations that have developed in the age of feudalism?! These circumstances must be taken into account in any attempts to improve the acts of civil law, and in recodification, including. The question of the sufficiency (or insufficiency) of the socio-economic base for the introduction of the institution of trust in Ukraine should be categorized as rhetorical. Trust construction is just a legal tool. And the result of its application will depend on the quality of regulatory "material" proposed by the legislator (and he, in turn, representatives of the doctrine of civil law), on establishing the place of this legal institution in the civil law system, and creating legal barriers that minimize it use to achieve a socially negative effect.

Governing the economy: rule and resistance in the Ethiopia-Somaliland borderlands

ABSTRACT Ethiopia has a long history of economic relations in its borderlands. Since the early 1990s, the Ethiopian state began to earnestly entrench its authority in the Ethiopia-Somaliland borderlands. This study examined the governmentalization of the Ethio-Somaliland borderlands in the post-1991 period. Drawing on official data and key informant interviews, the study identifies several techniques of governance that the Ethiopian state instituted to govern and control economic activities in these borderlands. The analysis reveals that the manner in which economic relations are governed is directly shaped by the exceptional nature and logic of borderlands in general and the Ethiopia-Somaliland borderlands in particular. The Ethiopian state has sometimes used ‘informal’ mechanisms and this particular way of governing economic activities in the border region is analyzed in this paper, which highlights five prominent techniques, but also looks at how people in the region circumvent some of these government techniques. There is a mutation of governance in which the distinction between what is formal and informal is often blurred.

Iz istorii ekonomicheskih svyazej Azerbajdzhanskoj SSR s Kazahskoj SSR i tyurkoyazychnymi respublikami Srednej Azii

Iz istorii ekonomicheskih svyazej Azerbajdzhanskoj SSR s Kazahskoj SSR i tyurkoyazychnymi respublikami Srednej Azii

The Relations of the Republic of Venice and the Marquises D'este in the Mid-Fourteenth to Mid-Fifteeenth Century based on the Lettere Ducali frm the Western European Section of the Historical Archive of the Saint Petersburg Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences

This study is devoted to research into a set of the Venetian lettere ducali to the Marquises d’Este of the 14th and 15th centuries, collected by N.P. Likhachev (1862-1936), a Member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, and stored in the Western European section of the Saint Petersburg Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences (The Archive) and the preparation of their full-text critical publication. The lettere ducali are an excellent source to study the Serenissima and its continental and overseas domains. The source material of the Venetian lettere ducali have long, and not without reason, been considered and actively investigated by researchers as one of the most important sources on the economic, social, political, legal, environmental, cultural, and ethnic history of Venice. In addition, Venetian sources often provide researchers with important material on the history of other states of the Italian Peninsula, including, in our case, the domains of d’Este. This explains the exceptional importance of studying lettere ducali as the most important source on the history of the Western European Middle Ages and the Early Modern period. This study reveals historical material on the specific cities and regions of Italy (Venice, Treviso, Ferrara, Verona, Padua, the Po Delta), the Venetian colonies in the Mediterranean (Crete, Cyprus) and the Adriatic (Shkodra, the Dalmatian Coast), as well as the history of international relations, the history of economic relations, the history of everyday life, the history of state institutions and international law, the history of medieval documents, and the history of Latin writing

Economic Relations between Italy and Albania 1993 – 2000

The history of economic relations between Italy and Albania is a typical example of asymmetric relationship between two countries with geographic proximity but with very different dimensions. The importance of this bond is essential for Albania, as Italy is our greatest economic and trade partner, but also from the Italian perspective these relationships have a greater weight than we might expect given the size of the Albanian economy, due to geographical proximity and preferential relations between the two countries. The relations with Albania are included in the broader context of the Italian policy in the entire Balkan region as these countries transition towards free market economic system is of great importance for the European integration processes. Since 2000, the economic cooperation has grown, but its features (trade balance deficit, restricted investment areas, à façon industries, etc.) still persist. This paper intends to highlight the strengths and drawbacks of Italian – Albanian economic relations in its early stages from 1990 to 2000.

FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS OF THE MAIN ADMINISTRATION OF GEODESY AND CARTOGRAPHY

An article describes the foreign activities of the Soviet Union's major cartographic and geodetic service. For the most part these entail assistance and joint projects in the establishment of national geodetic networks and services, the compilation of national map series and atlases, and the training of indigenous cartographic and geodetic personnel. The countries involved are chiefly from the Third World, typically those with a history of economic relations with the USSR (e.g., Afghanistan, Cuba, Ethiopia, Mongolia, and Nicaragua). Exports of GUGK products to a much wider range of countries (including high-resolution space imagery to the U.S.) are described as well. Translated from: Geodeziya i kartografiya, 1988, No. 4, pp. 50-55.

History of Economic Relations Between Russia and China. By M.I. Sladkovskii. Translated by M. Rouble. Sinological editor, G. Grause. New York: D. Davey & Co., Inc., 1966. Pp. xii, 299. $12.75.

History of Economic Relations Between Russia and China. By M.I. Sladkovskii. Translated by M. Rouble. Sinological editor, G. Grause. New York: D. Davey & Co., Inc., 1966. Pp. xii, 299. $12.75. - Volume 28 Issue 4