History Of Bruxism Research Articles

Temporomandibular joints disorders (TMDs) prevalence and their relation to anxiety in dental students.

Background: Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) are very common disorders affecting the population and causing pain. Researchers have reported a high prevalence of TMDs among university students due to increased distress. The aims of this study were to determine the frequency of TMDs in Umm al-Qura University (UQU) dental students using the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD), and to examine the relationship between anxiety, bruxism, and TMDs among those students. Methods: The DC/TMD pain screener questionnaire was completed by dental students. Students who reported TMD pain or had at least one positive TMD symptom were invited to the dental clinic for a full TMJ evaluation. History of bruxism was documented and an ultra-brief tool for detecting anxiety and depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-4 PHQ) was completed by all students. Results: A total of 240 students responded to the TMD pain screener in which 119 reported at least one TMJ symptom. Only 93 dental students presented to clinical examination in which 64.5% (n=60) of them had temporomandibular joint disorders. Disc displacement with reduction and local myalgia (38.7% & 32.25%, respectively) were the most frequent diagnosis. A total of 29% (n=27) of students had more than one diagnosis. Overall, 41 participants (44.09%) reported a positive response to the anxiety scale and (n=38) 40% of participants reported parafunctional habits. Both the history of bruxism and anxiety were significantly related to TMDs (P=0.0002) and also significantly higher in women of higher academic years (P≤0.01). Conclusions: This study found a high prevalence of TMDs among UQU dental students. Disc displacement with reduction was the most prevalent disorder. Bruxism and anxiety were associated with painful TMDs.

Temporomandibular joints disorders (TMDs) prevalence and their relation to anxiety in dental students

Background: Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) are very common disorders affecting the population and causing pain. Researchers have reported a high prevalence of TMDs among university students due to increased distress. The aims of this study were to determine the frequency of TMDs in Umm al-Qura University (UQU) dental students using the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD), and to examine the relationship between anxiety, bruxism, and TMDs among those students. Methods: The DC/TMD pain screener questionnaire was completed by dental students. Students who reported TMD pain or had at least one positive TMD symptom were invited to the dental clinic for a full TMJ evaluation. History of bruxism was documented and an ultra-brief tool for detecting anxiety and depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-4 PHQ) was completed by all students. Results: A total of 240 students responded to the TMD pain screener in which 119 reported at least one TMJ symptom. Only 93 dental students presented to clinical examination in which 64.5% (n=60) of them had temporomandibular joint disorders. Disc displacement with reduction and local myalgia (38.7% & 32.25%, respectively) were the most frequent diagnosis. A total of 29% (n=27) of students had more than one diagnosis. Overall, 41 participants (44.09%) reported a positive response to the anxiety scale and (n=38) 40% of participants reported parafunctional habits. Both the history of bruxism and anxiety were significantly related to TMDs (P=0.0002) and also significantly higher in women of higher academic years (P≤0.01). Conclusions: This study found a high prevalence of TMDs among UQU dental students. Disc displacement with reduction was the most prevalent disorder. Bruxism and anxiety were associated with painful TMDs.

Self-reported bruxism and stress and anxiety in adults: A study from Iran

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The habit of grinding teeth together is called grinding and the scientific term is “bruxism”. Bruxism usually occurs in deep sleep or when the person is under stress. This motivates the authors to investigate the relationship between stress and anxiety with the rate of free informed bruxism in the present work.METHODS: This research was a cross-sectional study and the population under analysis was adults over 18 years of age who referred to dental clinics of Kerman, Iran, and also people who accompanied them (simple census). The ethical approval code was IR.KMU.REC.1399.321. The investigations included questioning the patients about the history of bruxism and clenching. The information was analyzed by chi-square test, using SPSS software with 0.05 confidence level.RESULTS: The prevalence of self-reported bruxism was 23.2% and 15.1% among women and men, respectively. The percentage of clenching alone was 27.3%, and it was 23.5% and 25.6% in women and men, respectively. The prevalence of bruxism and clenching together was 9.8 %. In patients suffering from bruxism, the prevalence of temporomandibular signs was 24.6%, the feeling of fatigue, stiffness, or pain after awakening was 23.5%, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) sound was 6.9%, and limitation in mouth opening was 8.8%. In patients suffering from clenching, TMJ sound was 5.8%, oral pain was 8.8%, and limitation in mouth opening was 10.5%. Between 365 respondents, people who were aware of their bruxism significantly reported more anxiety.CONCLUSION: Based on the present findings, self-reported bruxism, anxiety, and stress may be associated with each other.

Management of broken dental implant abutment in a patient with bruxism: A rare case report and review of literature

This rare case report describes prosthodontic complications resulting from a dental implant was placed surgically more distally in the area of the missing mandibular first molar with a cantilever effect and a crest width of >12 mm in a 59-year-old patient who had a history of bruxism. Fracture of abutment is a common complication in implant was placed in area with high occlusal forces. Inability to remove the broken abutment may most often end up in discarding the implant. Adding one more dental implant mesially to the previously placed implant, improvisation of technique to remove the broken abutment without sacrificing the osseointegrated dental implant, fabrication with cemented custom-made abutment to replace the broken abutment for the first implant, and the use of the two implants to replace a single molar restoration proved reliable and logical treatment solutions to avoid these prosthodontic complications.

Oral rehabilitation of a patient with bruxism and cluster implant failures in the edentulous maxilla: A clinical report

For most patients with failed dental implants, the placement of new implants is the only option that allows for retreatment with a fixed dental prosthesis. This clinical report describes the rehabilitation of a patient with a history of bruxism and cluster implant failures in the edentulous maxilla 10 years after the insertion of a milled bar overdenture. Seven failed implants were removed and simultaneous bone grafting was performed. After an 8-month healing period, 8 dental implants with new surfaces were placed. These supported a metal ceramic fixed complete denture with a metal occlusal surface. The prosthesis was retained with 3 sections of milled bars and 3 set screws. This clinical report describes the details of the treatment with an emphasis on prosthetics.

The Use of Zirconium and Feldspathic Porcelain in the Management of the Severely Worn Dentition: A Case Report

The management of the interim phase of a complete oral rehabilitation in patients with severely worn dentition is often challenging due to the loss of occlusal vertical dimension, loss of tooth structure, uneven wear of teeth creating an uneven plane of occlusion, and parafunctional habits. This case report describes the management of excessive tooth tissue loss in a 45 year old woman with a history of bruxism, esthetical complaints in anterior teeth, and impaired dental function due to reduced tooth height. The patient used occlusal splint for a month and than resection of the alveolar bone was performed on the vestibular sides of the maxillary anterior teeth, except the interdental alveolar crest. Maxillary anterior teeth were restored with zirconia porcelain. Feldspathic porcelain was chosen to restore remaining teeth in both jaws; the patient also was given an occlusion guard to protect the restoration against future bruxism. Regardless of the cause of occlusal instability, it is important that the restorative dentist should be able to recognize its signs such as tooth hypermobility, tooth wear, periodontal breakdown, occlusal dimpling, stress fractures, exostosis, muscle enlargement, and loss of posterior disclusion. When restoring the worn dentition, the clinician should bear in mind the five P's: proper planning prevents poor performance.

Vertical root fractures: Clinical and radiographic diagnosis

Early detection and management of vertical root fractures, or VRFs, remain a vexing issue that has caused needless suffering for patients as well as for dentists. The authors present techniques to aid the dentist in recognizing VRFs. During a five-year period, the authors examined 36 patients who had VRFs. Absent control subjects and a larger number of patients, the authors did not design this investigation for statistical analysis. They diagnosed VRFs through dental histories and clinical and radiographic examinations. The study revealed VRFs in 36 teeth, two of which were vital and 34 of which were nonvital (that is, endodontically treated). The 34 VRFs resulted from excessive operative procedures performed in the root canal after endodontic therapy. Thirty-one of these 34 VRFs were caused by poorly designed dowels (too long, too wide or both) or inappropriate selection of the tooth as a bridge abutment; two VRFs were caused by a restoration that exerted lateral pressure on the axial walls of the preparation; and one VRF was caused by overzealous endodontic forces. The VRFs in the two vital teeth were in men who had a history of bruxism or clenching. VRFs can be detected early by listening to the patient's chief complaints, carefully examining periapical and bitewing radiographs and performing a thorough clinical examination.

Bruxism after brain injury: Successful treatment with botulinum toxin-A

Bruxism, the rhythmic grinding of teeth—usually during sleep—is not an infrequent complication of traumatic brain injury. Its prevalence in the general population is 21%, but its incidence after brain injury is unknown. Untreated, bruxism causes masseter hypertrophy, headache, temporomandibular joint destruction, and total dental wear. We report a case of complete resolution of postanoxic bruxism after treatment with botulinum toxin-A (BTX-A). The patient was a 28-year-old man with no history of bruxism who sustained an anoxic brain injury secondary to cardiac arrest of unknown etiology. On admission to our rehabilitation unit 2 months after the injury, the patient presented with severe bruxism and heavy dental wear. The patient was injected with a total of 200 units of BTX-A to each masseter and temporalis. There was total resolution of bruxism 2 days after injection, with no complications. On follow-up 3 months after injection, the patient remained free of bruxism. We propose that botulinum toxin be considered as a treatment for bruxism secondary to anoxic brain injury. Further studies regarding muscle selection and medication dosage are warranted to elucidate the toxin's efficacy in this condition.

Reply from the Authors

Reply from the Authors: Dr. Oser suggests that the entity originally described by Sjaastad and Spierings [2] as hemicrania continua (HC) is part of the spectrum of a disorder he terms chronic recurrent headache. As he describes it, this term could be applied to all of the primary headache types (migraine, tension-type, and cluster headache). Dr. Oser tells us that in most of his patients there is a history of bruxism or orthodontic referral. Using the terminology of the International Headache Society, the headache disorder he describes has elements of analgesics-abuse headache as well as …

The relationship between dental occlusion, muscle activity and associated jaw movement in man

Experiments were carried out on adult subjects before and after occlusal adjustment, and during atypical mastication, to study the relationship between occlusion of the teeth, muscle activity and associated jaw movements. A computer-based system was used to record and analyze the electromyographic activity in the right and left anterior temporal, posterior temporal and masseter muscles, as well as the displacement, in 3 planes, of an incisor point on the mandible. Clinical examination of the occlusion was performed by means of a standard procedure, which permitted numerical values to be assigned to variables commonly observed in clinical practice. Unilateral gum-chewing tasks were carried out by each subject. Five subjects were tested both before and two weeks after occlusal adjustment. Two subjects acted as controls. The series also included one subject with a history of bruxism and another who undertook specific chewing tasks. The results indicated a tendency for occlusal adjustment to be associated with an increase in the lateral excursions of the mandible during jaw closure and, in some cases, with a closer approximation of peak muscle activity to the intercuspal position of the teeth. Specific occlusal features showed no clear association with either muscle activity or jaw displacement, although all subjects developed maximum muscle effort very close to, or at, the intercuspal position. Jaw-closing speed during natural chewing appeared to decrease abruptly before maximum bolus resistance was met by the teeth, suggesting the existence of a neuromuscular control mechanism which operates before closing forces become very large.