History Research Articles

Comparison of the risks and drivers of compound hot-dry and hot-wet extremes in a warming world

Abstract Compound hot-dry (CHD) and compound hot-wet (CHW) extremes have both intensified under global warming, posing exacerbated socio-economic threats compared to univariate extremes. This study presents a comprehensive assessment and comparison of the historical changes and driving factors behind CHD and CHW using observational data and climate model simulations. Findings indicate a notable surge in CHD and CHW occurrences, with CHW experiencing a higher increasing rate. Our investigation further reveals that anthropogenic climate change predominantly drives the increase in both types of compound extremes, especially for CHW. In contrast, land-atmosphere feedbacks have a limited impact on CHW at a global scale, but substantially contributes to the rise in CHD by reinforcing the negative precipitation-temperature coupling. This influence even surpasses that of anthropogenic climate change in specific regions. Understanding these variations and underlying causes is crucial for improving prediction accuracy and mitigating the impacts of compound extremes.

Global reduction in sensitivity of vegetation water use efficiency to increasing CO2

Ecosystem water use efficiency (WUE), which measures the ratio of carbon gain to water loss, is crucial to the global water, energy, and carbon cycles. It is an important metric in understanding how efficiently an ecosystem uses water to assimilate carbon and is affected by various environmental factors, including CO2 levels. However, the temporal dynamics of CO2-induced changes in WUE (CO2_WUE) remain uncertain. After isolating CO2_WUE from total changes in WUE, we assessed historical changes in global CO2_WUE and future projected trends. We found that the increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration enhanced global WUE by 5.65 ± 1.14 % 100 ppm−1 during 1982–2015. However, CO2-driven gains in WUE exhibit a significant declining trend across most of the Earth’s land surface during 1982–2015 (−1.38 ± 0.19 % 100 ppm−1 yr−1). This widespread CO2_WUE decline is projected to continue throughout the remainder of the 21st century. The decline in CO2_WUE implies that the global land surface is likely to witness a higher water cost to maintain the land carbon sink. This finding suggests a heightened difficulty of mitigating global warming and an elevated risk of global water scarcity. The global CO2_WUE decline is primarily driven by rising vapor pressure deficit (VPD) reducing photosynthesis and increasing total evaporation. Our findings highlight the key role of VPD in the coupling of global water and carbon cycles and reveal a continuous increase in the water cost of the global land carbon sink.

Quantifying the Contribution of Multiple Processes to the Dust Decreasing Trend in the Guliya Ice Core Over the Past 50 Years

AbstractDust records extracted from ice cores can facilitate the reconstruction of historical atmospheric dust levels and climate change. However, interpreting dust variations in ice cores is intricate because of the compounded influence of emission, transport, and deposition processes. This study investigated dust records retrieved from the Guliya ice cap drilled in 2015 on the West Tibetan Plateau using a mean trajectory transport and deposition model. Results showed that the Guliya dust concentration has exhibited a declining trend since the 1960s (−751 μg kg−1 yr−1). Applying an attribution approach, we discovered that low dust emission (80.3%) was the main cause of the drop in dust concentration, with changes related to transportation (5.2%) and deposition (14.5%) making only minor contributions. The weakening of surface wind speed in the desert and increasing precipitation in both the desert and glacier were the primary factors driving the decrease in Guliya dust concentration.

LIRIS (Literasi dan Riset) sebagai Inovasi pada Problematika Gerakan Literasi Sekolah dalam Pembelajaran Sejarah di SMAN 1 Sumenep

Literacy activities in education hold a crucial position, particularly reading within history education. Addressing literacy challenges encountered in the history learning process at State Senior High School (SMAN) 1 Sumenep, there arises a necessity for innovation in implementing school literacy movements. LIRIS stands as an innovative initiative formed by the School Literacy Team (Tim Literasi Sekolah/TLS) at SMAN 1 Sumenep, aimed at addressing literacy challenges by amalgamating literacy processes with research. This research aims to find out the implementation and problems of history learning in the GLS program and find out how LIRIS can be an innovation in literacy activities. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach, data is collected through interviews, observations, and documentation, then analyzed through data reduction, presentation, and verification. Findings reveal: (1) GLS implementation in history education generally follows existing guidelines, observable in familiarization, development, and learning stages, yet specifics vary based on classroom conditions and teacher innovation, (2) literacy activity issues in history education arise across student, teacher, and school support aspects, and (3) LIRIS emerges as an innovative literacy activity addressing both general and specific history education challenges, albeit still necessitating evaluation and refinement.

The Genesis of Animal Drawings in the Flora Sinensis (1656): Between the Tuhui zongyi, Magni Catay Atlas, and Michał Boym’s Wall Map

Abstract Focused at the intersection of the history of books, sciences, and the circulation of knowledge between China and Europe, this article aims to shed light on the genesis of the Flora Sinensis (1656) written by Father Michał Piotr Boym (1612–1659), and the processes of the circulation of Chinese images and knowledge. Through the study of several Chinese painting manuals published during the seventeenth century, our aim is to demonstrate that the Tuhui zongyi is the most likely source of the animal illustrations in the Flora Sinensis. This hypothesis will be supported by an analysis of two of Boym’s cartographic projects, which also include illustrations from the Tuhui zongyi, the Vatican atlas, and a fragment of a Boym wall map discovered in a private collection in 2023. Noting that Boym’s maps contain illustrations of the Tuhui zongyi that are absent from the Flora, we suggest that Boym acquired this painting manual for the purpose of decorating his cartographic works.

Catalogs, Checklists, and Articles Documenting the Slavic and East European Holdings of The New York Public Library

ABSTRACT This checklist covers catalogs, checklists, and articles on the Slavic and East European collections written by scholars and Slavic staff. It includes the general catalogs, in-house checklists, published monographs and articles checklists, and works on the General History of the Slavonic (later, Slavic & Baltic) Division. With some sample illustrations that are strongly related to the history of the Slavonic Collections, the checklist contains around 320 entries.

Distentanging the late-Holocene human–environment interactions in the Altai Mountains within the Arid Central Asia

Understanding the impacts of human activities on landscapes necessitates a comprehensive analysis of historical changes in climate, vegetation, fire and land utilization. The human-environment interactions were investigated through the analysis of new charcoal data from Kelashazi Peat in the Altai Mountains, compared with the detailed paleoenvironmental records and historical human activities (e.g., agriculture and pastoralism) at other three distinct sites. The findings suggest that the late-Holocene (prior to ∼2000 years ago) fire activities were mainly influenced by temperature at higher elevations and were primarily driven by vegetation cover at lower elevations. Over the past two millennia, human activities have increasingly impacted fire dynamics. Elevated fire frequencies during the Medieval Warm Period at higher elevations were linked to warmer climates and intensified pastoral activities. Lower fire incidences at lower elevations may be attributed to population outflows during the Medieval Warm Period, while heightened fire occurrences at lower elevations might result from increasing agricultural activities during the Little Ice Age. This study underscores the intricate interplay between natural climate-vegetation-fire dynamics and anthropogenic burning trends in the late Holocene across different elevations of the Altai Mountains within the Arid Central Asia.

Developing an annual global Sub-National scale economic data from 1992 to 2021 using nighttime lights and deep learning

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita is one of the most widely used socioeconomic indicators, serving as an integral component for climate change impact analysis. However, a national scale assessment may induce considerable bias because it conceals any internal variations within a country. The lack of a long-term sub-national scale GDP data is a substantive hinderance. Leveraging the close relationship between nighttime lights and GDP, we address this gap by developing a novel methodological framework in two steps. First, under the modeling philosophy of spatial statistics, we developed a novel approach based on deep and machine learning techniques to establish a complex mapping between two inconsistent nighttime lights (NTL) datasets: the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program’s Operational Linescan System (DMSP) and the National Polar-Orbiting Partnership’s Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS). The models achieve accuracies ranging from 0.945 to 0.980 (correlation coefficients). By taking the estimations ensemble of the two techniques, the time series of DMSP data was extended to 2021. Next, a novel modeling strategy based on multi-layer perceptron was developed to derive the non-linear relationship between NTL and GDP per capita at sub-national scale to alleviate scale effects at this granularity, while explicitly capturing regional heterogeneity effect. The trained models achieve average accuracies of 0.967, 0.959, and 0.959 on the training, validation, and test sets, respectively. We evaluate the developed dataset at the global, national, and sub-national scales from various perspective, and the results offer solid evidence on the reliability of the estimated economic data. By linking to historical global climate change data, we quantify global economic losses attributed to extreme heat to demonstrate how the estimated GDP data can be useful in the climate change impact analysis.

(Invited) Towards Rechargeable Zn/CuO Batteries for Grid-Scale Storage

Alkaline Zn batteries are a strong candidate for electrical grid storage applications due to Zn’s high capacity (820 mAh/g), established materials supply chain and low cost. To realize the highest energy dense batteries, Zn needs to be coupled with a similarly low cost, abundant and high-capacity cathode. CuO (674 mAh/g) is an intriguing high-capacity cathode when paired with a Zn anode in alkaline electrolyte, a battery that until recently has been relegated to the history books as a primary system. In 2021 Schorr et al. reported a rechargeable Zn/CuO battery that utilized 10% of a Bi additive to help facilitate the electrochemical reversibility of the Cu conversion electrode. Bi2O3, a species with comparable redox potentials to Cu2O, promoted reversibility and minimized passivation in the historically non-reversible system. The battery cycled without any observable Cu and Bi mixed oxide phases, cycling between metallic Cu and Bi and Cu2O/Cu(OH)2 and Bi2O3, respectively. Although the Bi additive did not eliminate capacity fade completely, limiting the cells to a 30% depth of discharge (relative to CuO) enabled 250 cycles at > 124 Wh/L. Optimization studies performed for Bismuth content indicate that changes in Bi2O3 concentration can impact the charge-discharge behavior of the CuO cathodes resulting in the suppression of metal hydroxide-related redox peaks on charge. The absence of these peaks correlates with improved cyclability, suggesting that methods and materials approaches to further suppress these recharge pathways may lead to CuO high-capacity cathodes with improved cycle-life in the future.Seeking to improve performance and minimize the spatial segregation of Cu- and Bi-phases observed upon cycling in the prior system, D. Arnot et al. prepared nanoscale carbon coated (Cu/Bi) particles, where the coating partially minimized dissolution and diffusion of soluble cuprate and bismuthate complexes, where 200 cycles at 300 mAh/g was demonstrated (@ ~ 100 Wh/L). CuBi2O4 and CuO phases were formed upon oxidation, indicating carbon coatings can also affect the battery cycling mechanism and may have future roles of increasing performance.Data collected from a variety of experimental techniques, including cyclic voltammetry, rotating ring-disk electrode voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, operando energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction measurements, battery cycling along with recent DFT modeling will be presented to help elucidate the role of additives, carbon coatings, polymer gel electrolytes and ion selective polymers in enabling reversible Cu-based cathodes. The general challenges of achieving a highly reversible energy dense battery based on two conversion electrodes operating in highly alkaline environment will be covered as will development towards a > 200 Wh/L industrially relevant Zn/CuO battery.This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Electricity. This work was performed, in part, at the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science. The views expressed in this article do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Department of Energy or the United States Government. This article has been co-authored by an employee of National Technology & Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC under Contract No. DE-NA0003525 with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The employee owns all right, title and interest in their contribution to the article and is solely responsible for its contents. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this article or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. The DOE will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan.

Gorkhas’ Recruitment into British Army: A Historical Overview

This article presents a historical overview and analysis of the Gorkhas’ recruitment into the British Army over more than 200 years. The study examines the evolution of the recruitment process, highlighting key periods and changes: the era of the East India Company before 1886, the World War periods, and the present day. The research investigates how the bravery, dedication, and loyalty of Nepalese youths during the Anglo-Nepal Wars (1814-16) led to British authorities encouraging Gorkhali youths to join the British Army, aiming to leverage their skills for future wars and imperial expansion. Despite their valor, Gorkhas faced numerous challenges, and significant improvements in recruitment conditions did not occur until after 1886. Even then, parental consent was a significant barrier. It was not until the 1970s that Gorkha youths openly expressed a desire to join, but by then, the selection process had become much tougher due to decreased demand for their services. Employing a qualitative research approach, the article utilizes a variety of sources including books on Britain-Nepal military relations, journal articles, periodicals, and war history books from Nepal, Britain, and other relevant regions to provide a comprehensive analysis. The study’s findings indicate that the recruitment process was particularly challenging before 1886 and during the World Wars, despite a high demand for Gorkha soldiers. In the present day, while the recruitment process is more transparent, opportunities for Gorkhas have significantly diminished due to a reduced demand for their services.

Revising chronological uncertainties in marine archives using global anthropogenic signals: a case study on the oceanic 13C Suess effect

Abstract. Marine sediments are excellent archives for reconstructing past changes in climate and ocean circulation. Overlapping with instrumental records, they hold the potential to elucidate natural variability and contextualize current changes. Yet, dating uncertainties of traditional approaches (e.g., up to ± 30–50 years for the last 2 centuries) pose major challenges for integrating the shorter instrumental records with these extended marine archives. Hence, robust sediment chronologies are crucial, and most existing age model constraints do not provide sufficient age control, particularly for the 20th century, which is the most critical period for comparing proxy records to historical changes. Here we propose a novel chronostratigraphic approach that uses anthropogenic signals such as the oceanic 13C Suess effect and spheroidal carbonaceous fly-ash particles to reduce age model uncertainties in high-resolution marine archives. As a test, we apply this new approach to a marine sediment core located at the Gardar Drift, in the subpolar North Atlantic, and revise the previously published age model for this site. We further provide a refined estimate of regional reservoir corrections and uncertainties for Gardar Drift.

Investigating the Role of Driving Variables on ETo Variability and “Evapotranspiration Paradox” Across the Indian Subcontinent Under Historic and Future Climate Change

Investigating the Role of Driving Variables on ETo Variability and “Evapotranspiration Paradox” Across the Indian Subcontinent Under Historic and Future Climate Change

Long-term trends of pH, alkalinity, and hydrogen ion concentration in an upwelling-dominated coastal ecosystem: Ría de Vigo, NW Spain

The present study focuses on the Ría de Vigo (NW Spain), a coastal embayment influenced by the Canary Current Upwelling System, which is among the world’s significant Eastern Boundary Upwelling Ecosystems. The research assesses historical changes in the marine carbonate system by generating 25-year weekly time series at six stations . Assessing ocean acidification in the region is complex due to diverse factors influencing coastal carbon dynamics, making predictions more challenging. To capture the specific dynamics in Ría de Vigo, ensembles of Neural Networks were applied. These networks were trained with a data set obtained in several oceanographic cruises, in order to retrieve pH, hydrogen ion concentration and alkalinity, achieving a root mean square error of 0.0272 pH units, 0.588 nmol kg-1\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\hbox {kg}^{-1}$$\\end{document}, and 10.6 μ\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\upmu$$\\end{document}mol kg-1\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\hbox {kg}^{-1}$$\\end{document}, respectively. Subsequently, time series of the selected variables were generated, applying data of predictors measured at the aforementioned stations . An increase in normalized alkalinity was observed for all stations, except in the surface layer at the innermost location. A decrease in pH and an increase in hydrogen ion concentration were observed for all points, with trends that exceed reported rates of ocean acidification in the open ocean.

Historical Changes, Contemporary Characteristics, and Five Transformations of Environmental Design in China

Starting from the characteristics of modernization in three different historical stages since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, this paper analyses the internal changes in the professional name, subordinate disciplines and categories, and professional mission of the environmental design profession, and summarizes the changes in the characteristics of the environmental design profession in 10 aspects such as subordinate disciplines, design objects, design types, cultural characteristics, and aesthetic values on the basis of the results of the analysis, and explores five transformations of the environmental design profession in the process of China’s development in the future. The five transformations in the future development of China are to serve the harmony and beauty of the three major urban and rural spaces with “small and micro-renewal and reconstruction”; to serve the transmission of Chinese culture and the spread of Chinese civilization with “spatial heritage and innovation”; to serve the balance and sufficiency of the four functions of urban and rural settlements with “friendliness and equilibrium”; to serve the intelligence, wisdom, and enjoyment of indoor and outdoor living environment space with “scientific and technological achievements”; and to serve the co-construction, co-management, and sharing of indoor and outdoor public space in urban and rural areas with “public participation.”

A Study of Historical Changes and Paradigm Shifts in U.S. Physics Education: From the 1860s to the Present

A Study of Historical Changes and Paradigm Shifts in U.S. Physics Education: From the 1860s to the Present

Probabilistic reconstruction of sea-level changes and their causes since 1900

Abstract. Coastal communities around the world are increasingly exposed to extreme events that have been exacerbated by rising sea levels. Sustainable adaptation strategies to cope with the associated threats require a comprehensive understanding of past and possible future changes. Yet, many coastlines lack accurate long-term sea-level observations. Here, we introduce a novel probabilistic near-global reconstruction of relative sea-level changes and their causes over the period from 1900 to 2021. The reconstruction is based on tide gauge records and incorporates prior knowledge about physical processes from ancillary observations and geophysical model outputs, allowing us, for the first time, to resolve individual processes and their uncertainties. We demonstrate good agreement between the reconstruction and satellite altimetry and tide gauges (if local vertical land motion is considered). Validation against steric height estimates based on independent temperature and salinity observations over their overlapping periods shows moderate to good agreement in terms of variability, though with larger reconstructed trends in three out of six regions. The linear long-term trend in the resulting global-mean sea-level (GMSL) record is 1.5 ± 0.19 mm yr−1 since 1900, a value consistent with central estimates from the 6th Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Multidecadal trends in GMSL have varied; for instance, there were enhanced rates in the 1930s and near-zero rates in the 1960s, although a persistent acceleration (0.08 ± 0.04 mm yr−2) has occurred since then. As a result, most recent rates have exceeded 4 mm yr−1 since 2019. The largest regional rates (>10 mm yr−1) over the same period have been detected in coastal areas near western boundary currents and the larger tropical Indo-Pacific region. Barystatic mass changes due to ice-melt and terrestrial-water-storage variations have dominated the sea-level acceleration at global scales, but sterodynamic processes are the most crucial factor locally, particularly at low latitudes and away from major melt sources. These results demonstrate that the new reconstruction provides valuable insights into historical sea-level change and its contributing causes, complementing observational records in areas where they are sparse or absent. The Kalman smoother sea-level reconstruction dataset can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10621070 (Dangendorf, 2024).

Bifurcation Mechanism at a Sustain Point of a Long Narrow Economy

In this paper, we investigate population agglomeration in a long narrow economy, in which an odd number of places are evenly distributed over a line segment. The bifurcation analysis of this economy elucidates the mechanism of the emergence of twin cities around the central city. The validity and usefulness of this analysis are confirmed using several well-known economic geography models that display various kinds of bifurcation behaviors. By this analysis, we investigate the historical change in the population distribution in a chain of cities on Japan’s Main Island.

Implications of Celiac Disease in Prospective Corneal Refractive Surgery Patients: A Narrative Review.

Celiac disease (CeD) is a prevalent autoimmune disorder incited by gluten consumption, resulting in intestinal damage. Affecting approximately one in 133 people globally, CeD often remains undiagnosed due to its varied clinical presentations. The prevalence and diagnosis of CeD are influenced by several factors, including demographics and genetics, and it often coexists with other autoimmune diseases. Thus, the objective of this paper was to review the literature on ophthalmic manifestations of CeD and to create preliminary considerations for these patients wishing to undergo elective corneal refractive surgery (CRS). A literature review was conducted through July 2024, and relevant search terms were used to identify contributing papers. The review enabled the development of detailed considerations for the ocular manifestations of CeD and recommended management strategies for healthcare teams before and following CRS. The 24 papers included in this study illustrate that nutritional deficiencies and autoimmune concerns linked to CeD have distinctive ocular presentations. Based on these findings, patients with CeD may exhibit unconventional ocular manifestations beyond their typical gastrointestinal symptoms, such as decreased endothelial cell density (ECD), vitamin A deficiency leading to dryness, altered corneal nerve density, cataracts, uveitis, changes in choroidal thickness, papilledema, and neurological issues such as nystagmus. Patients with CeD may also experience synergistic impacts from concomitant autoimmune conditions such as Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) in addition to the coexistence of thyroid ophthalmopathy. Recognizing that CeD is an autoimmune disorder that can be exacerbated by other conditions, it is essential to conduct a thorough evaluation for elective CRS. Due to the variability in ocular manifestations among CeD patients, individualized evaluations are crucial for determining surgical candidacy and optimizing outcomes, especially for patients who may not be well controlled. Evaluations are likely to encompass a subjective assessment through a questionnaire exploring the patient's past medical history related to CeD. These questions can range from inquiring about general past medical history related to CeD regarding dietary gluten intake and weight loss to joint pain and cognitive impairments such as brain fog. Clinicians should also perform a comprehensive objective assessment utilizing slit-lamp biomicroscopy, Schirmer test, tear break-up time (TBUT), optical coherence tomography (OCT), Scheimpflug imaging, or fundoscopy. Although there is currently no specific information regarding CRS recommendations for patients with CeD, we believe the considerations outlined in this paper should serve as preliminary guidelines for clinicians. While our findings have formed considerations for future healthcare teams, further research is needed to fully understand the impact of CeD on CRS outcomes and refine these recommendations.

The three generations of Dennis The Menace

ABSTRACT This article will examine how in-storyworld explanations of updates to the appearance of the long running British comics character Dennis The Menace was expanded upon by creators to significantly retrospectively alter the character’s history, developing an ingenious multi-generational explanation for historical changes to the character over time that echo similar explanations found in long-running American series. These ‘retcons’ are assessed by using a unified catalogue of character components to discern whether there is any evidence in the original texts to support the idea of there being different versions of the same character, before describing social and practical reasons for the results found.

Sedimentation record of a complete glacial-interglacial cycle: Down-slope deposits, contourites and plumites of the North Sea trough mouth fan

Trough mouth fans (TMFs) are major submarine depocentres that form in front of ice streams advancing onto the continental shelf, and they provide extensive records of past glaciations and ice-sheet dynamics. However, early research about TMFs was conducted using primarily 2D seismic data, which limits the insights on the deposit's geometries and internal structures and more recent studies using 3D data have focused on the general depositional history of TMFs. Here, we assess the spatial and temporal changes of the glacio-marine landforms and deposits throughout the last glacial-interglacial cycle (Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 6 to 1, ∼130 ka to present) recorded in a >550 m thick progradational sequence. We use 3D reflection seismic data with significant vertical resolution (up to 2 m) imaging over 14000 km2 from the uppermost North Sea Fan (NSF) to document the seismic stratigraphy and sedimentary processes, by combining horizon picking and geomorphological analyses. The studied interval comprises five mappable units, four on the slope and one on the shelf, spanning from the modern seabed down to the top of the Tampen Slide (∼130 ka). Five different channel types (here included slide scars), as well as contourite and plumite packages are described based on their seismic facies, morphology, geometry, and stratigraphical position. We propose that contour currents are responsible for sediment delivery after the Tampen Slide deposition during the interglacial period before the onset of the Last Glacial Maximum, when high meltwater influx from the shelf produced turbidites. Sedimentation became debris-flow-dominated towards the end of the period of shelf-edge glaciation. The deglacial interval is characterized by the deposition of plumites on the slope. On the shelf, subglacial tills are deposited during both glacial and deglacial periods. We calculate an average sedimentation rate of <1 m/kyr during the interglacial (MIS 5-3), and around 50–65 m/kyr during the glacial and deglacial periods (MIS2-early MIS1). Thus, we document a change of two orders of magnitude in sedimentation rate during a glacial cycle on the slope of a glaciated margin.