History Of Alcohol Use Disorder Research Articles

Identifying Factors Linked to Current Patterns of Alcohol Consumption in U.S. Veterans with a History of Alcohol Use Disorder

Identifying Factors Linked to Current Patterns of Alcohol Consumption in U.S. Veterans with a History of Alcohol Use Disorder

Tangent space functional reconfigurations in individuals at risk for alcohol use disorder

Abstract Human brain function dynamically adjusts to ever-changing stimuli from the external environment. Studies characterizing brain functional reconfiguration are nevertheless scarce. Here we present a principled mathematical framework to quantify brain functional reconfiguration when engaging and disengaging from a stop signal task (SST). We apply tangent space projection (a Riemannian geometry mapping technique) to transform functional connectomes (FCs) of 54 participants and quantify functional reconfiguration using the correlation distance of the resulting tangent-FCs. Our goal was to compare functional reconfigurations in individuals at risk for alcohol use disorder (AUD). We hypothesized that functional reconfigurations when transitioning to/from a task would be influenced by family history of alcohol use disorder (FHA) and other AUD risk factors. Multilinear regression models showed that engaging and disengaging functional reconfiguration were associated with FHA and recent drinking. When engaging in the SST after a rest condition, functional reconfiguration was negatively associated with recent drinking, while functional reconfiguration when disengaging from the SST was negatively associated with FHA. In both models, several other factors contributed to the functional reconfiguration. This study demonstrates that tangent-FCs can characterize task-induced functional reconfiguration, and that it is related to AUD risk.

The association between glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and/or glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist prescriptions and substance-related outcomes in patients with opioid and alcohol use disorders: A real-world data analysis.

This study aimed to estimate the strength of association between prescriptions of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and/or glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) and the incidence of opioid overdose and alcohol intoxication in patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD), respectively. This study also aimed to compare the strength of the GIP/GLP-1 RA and substance use-outcome association among patients with comorbid type 2 diabetes and obesity. A retrospective cohort study analyzing de-identified electronic health record data from the Oracle Cerner Real-World Data. About 136 United States of America health systems, covering over 100 million patients, spanning January 2014 to September 2022. The study included 503 747 patients with a history of OUD and 817 309 patients with a history of AUD, aged 18 years or older. The exposure indicated the presence (one or more) or absence of GIP/GLP-1 RA prescriptions. The outcomes were the incidence rates of opioid overdose in the OUD cohort and alcohol intoxication in the AUD cohort. Potential confounders included comorbidities and demographic factors. Patients with GIP/GLP-1 RA prescriptions demonstrated statistically significantly lower rates of opioid overdose [adjusted incidence rate ratio (aIRR) in OUD patients: 0.60; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.43-0.83] and alcohol intoxication (aIRR in AUD patients: 0.50; 95% CI = 0.40-0.63) compared to those without such prescriptions. When stratified by comorbid conditions, the rate of incident opioid overdose and alcohol intoxication remained similarly protective for those prescribed GIP/GLP-1 RA among patients with OUD and AUD. Prescriptions of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and/or glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists appear to be associated with lower rates of opioid overdose and alcohol intoxication in patients with opioid use disorder and alcohol use disorder. The protective effects are consistent across various subgroups, including patients with comorbid type 2 diabetes and obesity.

Sleep Characteristics Among Children with a Parental History of Alcohol Use Disorder

Abstract Purpose of Review The purpose of the review was to examine findings on sleep characteristics among children with a parental history of alcohol use disorder (CPHAUDs) in different age groups. We identified unanswered questions and discussed directions for future research. We also discussed the implications of these current findings on alcohol prevention and intervention programs. Recent Findings Parental ratings and youth report of sleep difficulties have been longitudinally associated with the emergence of alcohol use and alcohol-related problems among both CPHAUDsand non-CPHAUDs. There were inconsistent findings comparing sleep characteristics in these two groups. Studies that used self-report and parental ratings reported no or minimal differences while studies that used actigraphy and polysomnography found significant, albeit moderate but meaningful differences. Summary Current research shows that CPHAUDs and non-CPHAUDs are similar on most objective and subjective sleep measures. There are a few significant differences between the two groups that may have implications for the development of behavioral problems, substance use and other risk behaviors.

Bidirectional relationships between chronotype and sleep hygiene in children with and without parental history of alcohol use disorder

Study objectivesChildren with evening chronotype may be at risk for insufficient sleep because their chronotype makes it difficult to sustain healthy sleep habits. We evaluated bidirectional relationships between chronotype and sleep hygiene. MethodsTwo hundred forty-six children (n = 246 at T1, n = 200 at T2, n = 147 at T3), with a mean age of 9.9 (SD=1.4) at T1, participated in a longitudinal study on sleep and substance use. Participants either had a parental history of alcohol use disorder or were matched controls. The Adolescent Sleep Hygiene Scale measured sleep hygiene. Chronotype was measured using the Morningness/Eveningness Questionnaire. We used random intercept cross-lagged panel models to examine longitudinal relations between chronotype and sleep hygiene across three time points, each approximately 1 year apart. ResultsChronotype at T1 predicted sleep hygiene at T2 (b=0.38, p < .05). Chronotype at T2 predicted sleep hygiene at T3 (b=0.38, p < .05). T1 Sleep Hygiene predicted chronotype at T2 (b=0.27, p < .05). T2 Sleep Hygiene predicted chronotype at T3 (b=0.24, p < .05). Chronotype also predicted itself over time (T1-T2: b=0.31, p < .05; T2-T3: b=0.31, p < .05). Sleep hygiene did not predict itself at future time points. Parental history of alcohol use disorder did not predict sleep hygiene or chronotype. ConclusionsThere is a bidirectional relationship between chronotype and sleep hygiene; more eveningness predicts poorer sleep hygiene at a later time point, and poorer sleep hygiene predicts more eveningness later. Sleep hygiene is not stable over time and may be a more modifiable target for public health interventions than chronotype.

Trends in viral hepatitis liver-related morbidity and mortality in New South Wales, Australia

Monitoring hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) liver-related morbidity and mortality is key to evaluate progress towards elimination targets. HBV and HCV notifications in NSW, Australia (1995-2022) were linked to hospital and mortality records. Temporal trends in decompensated cirrhosis (DC), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and mortality were evaluated among people notified for HBV and HCV. Segmented Poisson regression models were used to assess the impact of the viral hepatitis elimination era (1 January 2015-31 December 2022) on advanced liver disease and mortality. During 1995-2022, there were 64,865 people with an HBV notification and 112,277 people with an HCV notification in NSW. Between 2002 and 2022, there were significant reductions in age-adjusted HBV- and HCV-related DC, HCC, and liver-related mortality. Among those with HBV, age-standardised incidence per 1000 person-years (py) in 2002, 2015, and 2022 was 3.08, 1.47, and 1.16 for DC (p<0.001); 2.97, 1.45, and 0.75 for HCC (p<0.001); and 2.84, 1.93, and 1.40 for liver-related mortality (p<0.001). Among those with HCV, age-standardised incidence per 1000 py in 2002, 2015, and 2022, was 5.53, 4.57, and 2.31 for DC (p<0.001); 2.22, 2.59, and 1.87 for HCC (p<0.001); and 3.89, 4.73, and 3.16 for liver-related mortality (p<0.001). In 2022, absolute liver-related mortality per 100,000 population was 0.95 for HBV and 3.56 for HCV. In adjusted analyses, older age, comorbidity, and a history of alcohol use disorder were associated with increased liver-related mortality among those with HBV and HCV. This population-level study demonstrated declining risks of DC, HCC, and mortality, with HBV-related declines commencing well before elimination era while HCV-related declines were mostly during elimination era. Population liver mortality indicates elimination target achieved for combined viral hepatitis and HBV, but not HCV. The Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, and New South Wales Ministry of Health, Australia.

Drinking motives link positive and negative life events to problematic alcohol use during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal study.

Stressful life events are associated with problematic drinking, and alcohol misuse has been exacerbated during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. While coping motives may account for this association, positive life events (PLEs) and enhancement motives are understudied. To address these gaps, we examined the associations of history of alcohol use disorder (AUD), negative life events (NLEs), and PLEs with problematic alcohol use and tested coping and enhancement motives as mediators. The sample included baseline and follow-up data from 241 participants enrolled in the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism COVID-19 Pandemic Impact on Alcohol Study. Endorsements of past year PLEs and NLEs and their associations with problematic alcohol use were examined. Among the 202 current drinkers, path analyses tested mediational pathways via coping and enhancement motives. The top two PLEs were change in work conditions (21.6%) and taking a vacation (20.3%). The top two NLEs were change in social activities (36.5%) and major change in recreation (26.6%). Individuals with a history of AUD and those who experienced more NLEs reported higher coping and enhancement motives, which were associated with higher problematic alcohol use. Individuals who experienced more PLEs reported lower coping motives, which was associated with lower problematic alcohol use. Besides coping motives, enhancement motives were also associated with pandemic problematic alcohol use. Alcohol interventions targeting reward- and relief-driven drinking patterns may be beneficial to individuals with a history of AUD and those who experienced more NLEs. More research is needed to study PLEs which may help inform the development of strength-based alcohol interventions.

Lifetime alcohol use disorder and gambling disorder: clinical profile and treatment response.

Gambling disorder affects 0.5-2.4% of the population and shows strong associations with lifetime alcohol use disorder. Very little is known regarding whether lifetime alcohol use disorder can impact the clinical presentation or outcome trajectory of gambling disorder. Data were pooled from previous clinical trials conducted on people with gambling disorder, none of whom had current alcohol use disorder. Demographic and clinical variables were compared between those who did versus did not have lifetime alcohol use disorder. Of the 621 participants in the clinical trials, 103 (16.6%) had a lifetime history of alcohol use disorder. History of alcohol use disorder was significantly associated with male gender (relative risk [RR] = 1.42), greater body weight (Cohen's D = 0.27), family history of alcohol use disorder in first-degree relative(s) (RR = 1.46), occurrence of previous hospitalization due to psychiatric illness (RR = 2.68), and higher gambling-related legal problems (RR = 1.50). History of alcohol use disorder was not significantly associated with other variables that were examined, such as severity of gambling disorder or extent of functional disability. Lifetime alcohol use disorder was not significantly associated with the extent of clinical improvement in gambling disorder symptoms during the subsequent clinical trials. These data highlight that lifetime alcohol use disorder is an important clinical variable to be considered when assessing gambling disorder because it is associated with several untoward features (especially gambling-related legal problems and prior psychiatric hospitalization). The study design enabled these associations to be disambiguated from current or recent alcohol use disorder.

The relationship between alcohol consumption and amygdala volume in a community-based sample.

Most prior studies have reported decreased amygdala volume in those with a history of alcohol use disorder. Decreased amygdala volume associated with alcohol use disorder may be related to an increased risk of addiction and relapse. However, the relationship between amygdala volume and a broad range of alcohol consumption is largely unexplored.The present cross-sectional analysis investigates the relationship between amygdala volume and self-reported alcohol consumption in participants of the Dallas Heart Study, a community-based study of Dallas County, Texas residents.Brain imaging and survey data from participants (n = 2023) were obtained, and multiple linear regressions were performed with the average amygdala volume as the dependent variable and drinking status, drinking risk, drinks per week, and binge drinking as independent variables. Drinking risk was categorized such that low-risk constituted ≤ 14 drinks per week in men and ≤ 7 drinks per week in women, while > 14 drinks per week in men and > 7 drinks per week in women constituted high-risk. Age, sex, intracranial volume, body mass index, education, and Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Self Report score were included in all models as covariates.No statistically significant (p ≤ .05) associations were observed between self-reported alcohol consumption and amygdala volume.The present study suggests non-significant relationships between self-reported alcohol consumption and amygdala volume when controlling for relevant demographic factors in a large, community-based sample.

Vulnerable at rest? A resting-state EEG study and psychosocial factors of young adult offspring of alcohol-dependent parents

BackgroundOffspring of parents with alcohol use disorder (AUD) are more susceptible to developing AUD, with an estimated heritability of around 50%. Vulnerability to AUD in first-degree relatives is influenced by biological factors, such as spontaneous brain activity, and high-risk psychosocial characteristics. However, existing resting-state EEG studies in AUD offspring have shown inconsistent findings regarding theta, alpha, and beta band frequencies. Additionally, research consistently demonstrates an increased risk of internalizing and externalizing disorders, self-regulation difficulties, and interpersonal issues among AUD offspring. MethodsThis study aimed to investigate the absolute power of theta, alpha, and beta frequencies in young adult offspring with a family history of AUD compared to individuals without family history. The psychosocial profiles of the offspring were also examined in relation to individuals without a family history of AUD. Furthermore, the study sought to explore the potential association between differences in frequency bands and psychosocial variables. Resting-state EEG recordings were obtained from 31 young adult healthy offspring of alcohol-dependent individuals and 43 participants with no family history of AUD (age range: 16–25 years). Participants also completed self-report questionnaires assessing anxiety and depressive symptoms, impulsivity, emotion regulation, and social involvement. ResultsThe results revealed no significant differences in spontaneous brain activity between the offspring and participants without a family history of AUD. However, in terms of psychosocial factors, the offspring exhibited significantly lower social involvement than the control group. ConclusionsThis study does not provide evidence suggesting vulnerability in offspring based on differences in spontaneous brain activity. Moreover, this investigation highlights the importance of interventions aimed at enhancing social connections in offspring. Such interventions can not only reduce the risk of developing AUD, given its strong association with increased feelings of loneliness but also improve the overall well-being of the offspring.

Development and Validation of a Simple Risk Calculator for Alcohol-Related Adverse Outcomes: Results from a Composite Scale Approach in a Nationally Representative Sample

AbstractWe tested how 5 simple variables, routinely collected in primary care (i.e., the 3 AUDIT-C items, age, and sex), could constitute a clinician-friendly risk calculator tool of the 3-year risk of several alcohol-related adverse outcomes (i.e., alcohol use disorder, withdrawal symptoms, occurrence of tremors or seizures, and alcohol related interpersonal relationship problems, legal problems, and psychological problems) among non-alcohol-dependent individuals consuming alcohol. Data were drawn from a nationally representative sample of US adults, the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (wave 1, 2001–2002; wave 2, 2004–2005). We used scaled and rounded composite scoring systems to combine information derived from these predictors and quantify the risks for each subject. Analyses were limited to 16,710 respondents without a lifetime history of alcohol use disorder who completed both interviews and had consumed alcohol during the year prior to wave 1 (development sample N = 8355, validation sample N = 8355). The risk equations calibrated well (Hosmer and Lemeshow test p values ≥ 0.072) and showed good predictive values (C indices ranging from 0.727 to 0.872) in the validation sample. This risk calculator can be clinically useful in primary care for identification of at-risk individuals, encourage respondents to reduce their drinking, and improve prevention.

Triage mistakes in the Psychiatry Emergency Room: do we really know how to rule out organicity?

IntroductionIn Spain and other European countries, patients coming to the emergency room (ER) are usually classified as “organic” or “psychiatric” on arrival, but this may be complicated when psychiatric history is present as the focus can be misplaced (Leeman. IJPM 1975;6(4):544-40; Alam et al. Psychiatr. Clin. North Am. 2017;40(3):425–33).Objectives To describe three cases seen in the psychiatric emergency room (PER) in which triage errors occurred and to review whether it is widespread for psychiatric patients with organic pathology or in need of medical care to be wrongly triaged.Methods We retrospectively reviewed three cases seen in the PER of Hospital Clínic in July 2023 in which triage errors happened. Triage error was considered when patients triaged directly to the PER presented symptoms that either needed medical treatment or required medical clearance before being considered purely psychiatric.ResultsCase 1: A 27-year-old woman with history of depressive syndrome was triaged for a speech disturbance that had occurred fifteen minutes after intercourse. After being evaluated, she was referred to neurology where she was diagnosed with an acute ischaemic stroke in left middle cerebral artery territory, requiring thrombectomy and posterior admission to neurology.Case 2: A 50-year-old man with history of alcohol use disorder was brought to the PER after saying that “he was seeing people doing magic” at home. When evaluated, significant distal tremor, tachycardia and hypertension were observed, being compatible with withdrawal symptoms, so he was transferred to the ER. There he was monitored and treated, finally requiring admission to internal medicine due to persistent symptoms.Case 3: A 26-year-old man with history of substance use disorder was triaged for loss of consciousness and “spasms”. After evaluation, he was transferred to the ER, where organic screening was carried out, being oriented as a probable tonic-clonic seizure and discharged with outpatient follow-up.ConclusionsThe cases presented are instances in which somatic diseases in patients pre-labelled with psychiatric histories were wrongly assumed to be recurrences of their psychiatric disorders. In all cases, they needed to be re-examined by the corresponding medical specialty and required diagnostic tests, in two cases hospital admission was needed. Emergency physicians and emergency psychiatrists often disagree on how to medically clear patients (Alam et al. Psychiatr. Clin. North Am. 2017;40(3):425–33; Janiak et al. JEM. 2012;43(5):866–70), some authors have even proposed protocols for doing this in a more systematic way (Shah et al. JEM. 2012;43(5):871–5). To avoid a delay in diagnosis and treatment and the consequences that may result from it, establishing guidelines for proper triage of patients with psychiatric history should be considered.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Inferior Pancreaticoduodenal Artery Pseudoaneurysm Causing Biliary Obstruction: A Case Report.

Visceral arterial aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms are rare but dangerous pathologies, with reported incidence of 0.01-0.2% of the worldwide population, as found on autopsy. Pancreaticoduodenal artery pathology accounts for approximately 2% of all visceral aneurysms; it is commonly caused by chronic inflammatory processes, such as pancreatitis or adjacent pseudocysts. Morbidity and mortality commonly result from rupture of the aneurysm itself, leading to life-threatening hemorrhage into the peritoneum or gastrointestinal tract. Here we present the case of a 64-year-old male patient with previous history of alcohol use disorder leading to chronic pancreatitis and prior embolization of an inferior pancreaticoduodenal pseudoaneurysm, who presented to the emergency department (ED) with abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting, and was found to have a large recurrent inferior pancreaticoduodenal pseudoaneurysm with associated obstructive cholangitis and pancreatitis via contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen and pelvis. The patient was managed emergently by interventional radiology angiography with embolic coiling and percutaneous biliary catheter placement, and he subsequently underwent biliary duct stenting with gastroenterology. The patient was successfully discharged after a brief hospitalization after resolution of his pancreatitis and associated hyperbilirubinemia. Pancreaticoduodenal artery aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms are rare and dangerous visceral pathologies. Patients can be diagnosed rapidly in the ED with CT imaging and need urgent endovascular management to prevent morbidity and mortality.

Alcohol consumption questionnaire: Scale development in a sample of Mexican American young adults and association with ADH7

BackgroundTo understand why some individuals who develop alcohol use disorders (AUD) first begin to drink heavily, a number of scales have been developed that index aspects of alcohol craving and restraint from drinking. We developed a new measure called the Alcohol Consumption Questionnaire (ACQ), based in part on items modified from scales used to index binge eating, because there are data to suggest that binge eating and binge drinking may share common antecedents. We present an initial validity study using data from a sample of Mexican Americans. MethodsData were from 699 Mexican American young adults in San Diego County, CA. A subsample (n = 60) had short-term test-retest data. Factor analysis and reliability assessment guided item reduction. Item response theory (IRT) analyses quantified item severity and identified questions with differential item functioning (DIF). Logistic regression assessed associations of mean scale scores with AUD, adjusting for key demographics, alcohol expectancies and subjective response to alcohol. We also examined associations with a protective genetic variant downstream from the alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (ADH7) gene. ResultsThe scale was reduced from 20 to 14 questions, which can be summarized by a single overall score (Cronbach's alpha = 0.896) or by two sub-scores (Consumption: 12 items, Cronbach's alpha = 0.896; Enjoyment: 2 items, Cronbach's alpha = 0.780). Test-retest reliability was very high (0.80–0.98) in this sample. The overall ACQ score and each subdomain score were strongly associated with AUD (ORs = 5.95 mild; 11.41 moderate; 48.56 severe) and family history of AUD. Respondents with the protective genetic variant had significantly lower overall ACQ scores (p < 0.001). ConclusionThe ACQ is a novel measure of alcohol consumption with strong relationships with both the AUD phenotype and ADH7 gene variants in a sample of Mexican American young adults.

Associations of history of alcohol use disorder with loneliness, social support, and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic

This study examined the effects of alcohol use disorder (AUD) and treatment history on changes in loneliness, social support, and mental health symptoms from before to during the pandemic, and tested loneliness and social support as mediators of the AUD-mental health associations. Participants (n = 427) enrolled in the NIAAA COVID-19 Pandemic Impact on Alcohol Study were categorized into three groups: healthy control (62.3%), nontreatment AUD (14.1%), and treatment AUD (23.7%). Multilevel generalized linear models were conducted to examine changes in loneliness, social support, and mental health symptoms by group. Path analyses tested the mediating roles of loneliness and social support. Loneliness increased during the pandemic, especially in the nontreatment AUD group. Social support decreased in the healthy control and AUD treatment group. Anxiety and depressive symptoms increased in the nontreatment AUD group. Individuals with a history of AUD regardless of treatment history reported greater loneliness, which was linked to higher anxiety and depressive symptoms. Loneliness, but not social support, mediated the AUD-mental health associations. Psychosocial interventions aimed at increasing positive social engagement among individuals with AUD may help alleviate feelings of loneliness and mitigate mental health symptoms. Study findings can also help improve preparedness for future public health crises.

Exercising healthy behaviors: A latent class analysis of positive coping during the COVID-19 pandemic and associations with alcohol-related and mental health outcomes.

To identify latent classes of positive coping behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic and examine associations with alcohol-related and mental health outcomes across participants with and without a history of alcohol use disorder (AUD). Baseline data from 463 participants who were enrolled in the NIAAA COVID-19 Pandemic Impact on Alcohol (C19-PIA) Study were analyzed. Latent class analysis (LCA) was applied to five positive coping behaviors during COVID-19: taking media breaks, taking care of their body, engaging in healthy behaviors, making time to relax, and connecting with others. Latent class differences and the moderating role of history of AUD on six alcohol-related and mental health outcomes were examined using multiple regression models. LCA revealed two latent classes: 83.4% High Positive Coping and 16.6% Low Positive Coping. Low Positive Coping was associated with higher levels of perceived stress, anxiety symptoms, and loneliness. A history of AUD was consistently associated with higher levels of alcohol-related and mental health outcomes. Significant interactions between Coping Latent Classes and history of AUD indicated that the associations of Low Positive Coping with problematic alcohol use, depressive symptoms, and drinking to cope motives were either stronger or only significant among individuals with a history of AUD. Individuals with a history of AUD may be particularly vulnerable to depressive symptoms and alcohol-related outcomes, especially when they do not utilize positive coping strategies. The promotion of positive coping strategies is a promising avenue to address alcohol-related and mental health problems during a public health crisis and warrants future research.

A298 HIGH MORTALITY NOTED AMONG PATIENTS ADMITTED WITH ALCOHOL ASSOCIATED HEPATITIS: A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY

Abstract Background Alcohol associated hepatitis is a syndrome related to alcohol use disorder characterized by jaundice, malaise, decompensated liver disease, and coagulopathy. This is associated with bacterial infections, the development of chronic liver failure, and high short-term mortality. However, the rates at which these events occur is less understood, with a broad range of estimates reported. Aims To understand the demographic profile of those admitted with alcohol associated hepatitis assess its impact on resource utilization, complications in hospital, and mortality. Methods This study examined a subset of individuals with alcohol associated hepatitis who were admitted to the GI and Medicine Wards between 2010 and 2023. Results 70 encounters were identified and interpreted. The average age at admission was 48.3 ± 11.4 years old. 62.8% were male and 22% reported cannabis use. 54% had a previous reported history of alcohol use disorder. The average MELD-Na score at the time of admission was 25.9 ± 7.7. The Median length of stay was 8.5 days (IQR 4.5,15). 63% were provided steroids in hospital and 33.3% developed infectious complications. 36.3% of patients had a GI bleed reported during admission. 4% of patients underwent a transplantation during follow-up. Approximately 44.3% experienced mortality with a 30-day mortality rate found to be 28.6%. Conclusions Alcohol associated hepatitis patients are prone to developing infections and bleeding during admission. This diagnosis also carries a high mortality rate, particularly within the first 30 days. Further studies examining the global impact of alcohol associated hepatitis should be considered. Table 1: Baseline Demographics Funding Agencies None

The role of perceived parent drinking motives on alcohol use among adolescents with and without childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Parent history of alcohol-related problems and antisocial behaviors contribute to adolescent alcohol use and are associated with offspring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Youth with ADHD may be susceptible to intergenerational transmission of alcohol-related cognitions, which may model drinking motives that enhance risk for adolescent alcohol use. We examined whether childhood ADHD and parent history of alcohol use disorder, with or without antisociality, were associated with adolescents' perceptions of their parents' drinking motives and whether these perceptions predicted their alcohol use behaviors. Adolescents (N = 199; 56% with ADHD; Mage = 15.73) completed the Drinking Motives Questionnaire regarding perceptions of their parents' drinking motives. Participants subsequently reported their past-year alcohol use behaviors (Mage = 16.95). Parents reported their history of alcohol-related problems and antisocial symptoms. Covariates included adolescent gender (7% girls), race (9% self-identified Black), and parental education and marital status. Perceived parent drinking motives were highest for social and lowest for conformity motives, consistent with adult self-reports in the literature. Parent alcohol use and antisociality history predicted perceptions of parent drinking motives, and child ADHD only predicted perceptions of parent social drinking motives. Perceived parent drinking motives predicted adolescent alcohol use, but only among youth without ADHD. Findings reflect the potential importance of assessing adolescent perceptions of parent drinking motives for adolescents without ADHD and a possible need for supporting parents in communicating about their own alcohol use. Future research should consider alternative strategies (e.g., assessing implicit cognitions) for studying the link between alcohol-related cognitions and behaviors for adolescents with ADHD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Patterns of executive functions and theory of mind in adults with a family history of alcohol use disorder: Combined group and single-case analyses.

Impairments in executive function and social cognition are highly prevalent in individuals with an alcohol use disorder (AUD). Some studies show that similar difficulties are displayed by individuals with a positive family history of AUD (FH+) compared with individuals with a negative family history (FH-). Yet, no studies have jointly investigated cognitive and affective theory of mind at the behavioral level. Moreover, some studies show preserved executive and socioemotional functioning in FH+ participants. One possible explanation for these divergent results is that FH+ individuals are cognitively heterogeneous. In this study, we examined the frequency and co-occurrence of difficulties in executive function and social cognition among FH+ individuals at the individual level. Sixty FH+ and 60 FH- participants matched on age, sex, and education level were included. They completed tasks assessing executive functions (Stroop, Trail Making Test) and affective and cognitive theory of mind (Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition). They also completed self-report questionnaires measuring impulsivity, alexithymia, and empathy. Single-case analyses assessed the proportion of FH+ participants with difficulties in executive function and/or theory of mind. FH+ individuals exhibited difficulties in response inhibition and made more errors during theory of mind processing, indicating an absence of mental state representation, compared with FH- individuals. In the FH+ sample, 53.33% had executive function and/or theory of mind difficulties. Those with lower theory of mind scores reported higher alexithymia and lower empathy on self-report measures. FH+ individuals display heterogeneous executive function and theory of mind abilities. Given that they mostly occur independently of one another, executive function and theory of mind difficulties may be distinct vulnerability markers in AUD.

Meeting-makers make meaning: alcoholics anonymous participation and personal meaningfulness.

The central aim of this study was to determine whether intentional, voluntary alcoholics anonymous (AA) participation showed any independent association with affect, over and above that which has been observed in association with other recovery-related behaviors, such as abstinence, among individuals with a history of alcohol use disorder. Additionally, we sought to determine the nature of the affective changes associated with specific dimensions of AA participation (i.e. meeting attendance, fellowship involvement, 12-step work). Thirty abstinent alcohol use disorder individuals were recruited and evaluated. Multivariate linear regressions were used to examine associations between dimensions of AA participation, measured using the Multidimensional Mutual-Help Assessment Scale and standardized measures of affective experiences, including the Profile of Mood States, Subjective Happiness Scale, and the Twelve Promises Scale. Increase in AA participation was associated with higher positive affective experiences. These associations were observed independently with AA meeting attendance and fellowship involvement, but not 12-step work. This study's findings suggest that greater AA meeting attendance and fellowship involvement are correlated with enhancements in the meta-emotional experience of personal meaningfulness. This study extends evidence on AA-related changes by considering affective improvements as a primary clinical outcome, thereby laying the foundation for subsequent, more comprehensive research into the relationship between dimensions of AA participation and recovery-related affective changes.