History Of Advocacy Research Articles

A history of advocacy in breast cancer: lessons for all of us in putting advocacy to work - or 'how to just get things done!'

Advocacy in breast cancer has a history going back eight decades, influencing funding for research, giving women a voice in their treatment, and helping destigmatise the disease and its management. We aim to outline this trajectory. This is a retrospective historical narrative. We have identified a number of prominent women diagnosed with breast cancer who have had significant political influence and describe the grassroots movement of patient advocacy groups who now have a seat at the policy table and are integral to the research agenda. We also report on how as surgeons we can advocate for better treatments and care pathways, and importantly help build the evidence-base to inform better practice and policy. Surgical advocacy and consumer advocacy have led to huge improvements in management and outcomes for those affected by breast cancer.

Professor of Kharkiv University A. M. Stoyanov as a historian of law

Introduction. The article highlights the main milestones of the professional development of Kharkiv University professor A. Stoyanov and his scientific activity in the field of history of law. It was found that modern researchers who, in the course of their scientific research, turned to the analysis of his works, for certain reasons, emphasize primarily the work of the scientist in the field of international law, but usually do not pay any attention to the extremely wide range of historical and legal research of the scientist, which in his scientific creativity, he himself took far from the last place in terms of importance and volume. This is what determined the topic of this article. Summary of the main results of the study. It is noted that one of the most interesting historical and legal works by A. Stoyanov's monograph "History of Advocacy among Ancient Peoples", in which the monuments of law and legal thought of Egypt, India, ancient Jews, Greeks and Romans were analyzed. The embryo of the Institute of Advocacy A. Stoyanov saw precisely in the ancient Greek synegory. His historical and legal studies "Historical analogies and points of intersection of new legislation with ancient law", "The beginnings of family law among primitive peoples", "Family law and inheritance among Jews" and published by the publishing house of Kharkiv University in separate brochures aroused considerable interest among scientists and students of that time, "Family, marriage, and the legal position of women according to the legislative monuments of India", "Customary law in the history of the most important states of Europe and especially France", "Customs of society and courts in France from the end of the 17th century. until 1789". A certain result of this stage of his studies of ancient law was the publication of the author's lectures devoted to the history of the legislation of the countries of the East. Some scientific research carried out by Professor Stoyanov at one time caused heated discussions and controversies. Among these, first of all, we can mention the work "Historical analogies and points of intersection of new legislation with ancient law", which was published in 1883 and was an extremely interesting attempt at diachronic comparative research, one of the first that was carried out in the universities of Eastern Europe. He was an ardent supporter of comparative and especially historical methods of studying legal institutions. He used them widely when writing his scientific works. The scientist published a significant part of his works in the journal "Notes of the Kharkiv University". One of the most interesting historical and legal studies, which has not lost its relevance even today, is the work "Criminal Law of Rome from the earliest times to Justinian inclusive", published here in 1895. Conclusion. The conclusion that A. Stoyanov was a bright representative of that generation of lawyers of the Kharkiv school, whose work created the foundation of the modern national science of the history of law. His works, which during the Soviet era were forgotten for ideological reasons and only briefly mentioned by researchers, contain many layers of valuable historical and legal information and deep scientific conclusions. The merits of the scientist in the future have yet to be fully assessed by the next generation of lawyers.

Advocacy History in the Supreme Court

Advocacy History in the Supreme Court

Women Physicians and the Suffrage Movement.

Women physicians have a long history of advocacy, dating to the 19th century women's suffrage movement. As history recounts the work of the suffragists, many women physicians bear mention. Some were leaders on the national scene, and others led suffrage efforts in their own state. In this article, we provide a snapshot of 7 prominent suffragists who were also physicians: Mary Edwards Walker, Mary Putnam Jacobi, Esther Pohl Lovejoy, Marie Equi, Mattie E. Coleman, Cora Smith Eaton, and Caroline E. Spencer. In sharing their stories, we hope to better understand some of the challenges and struggles of the suffrage movement and how their advocacy paved the way not only for women's voting rights but also the role of women physicians as advocates for change.

Major Contribution Reaction

The author of this invited reaction comments on the four articles within the Major Contribution titled “Research on Trans People and Issues.” The Major Contribution authors have successfully met the three goals they set for this work: to (a) review the current state of psychosocial trans scholarship and identify next directions, (b) propose a critical research approach to decision making in trans study activities, and (c) exemplify how this critical research approach may be applied within an empirical study with trans participants. The Major Contribution is a next step in the long history of advocacy for trans researchers to be more attentive to centering the voices of trans people. In this reaction, I enthusiastically support the spirit of the Major Contribution, provide feedback on the articles, and encourage the trans research field to implement the authors’ recommendations and continue to look for ways to reach further toward supporting trans liberation.

An analysis and decision tool to measure cost benefit of newborn screening for severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) and related T-cell lymphopenia

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is a group of syndromes resulting from genetic defects causing absence in T-cell and B-cell function, leading to serious and life-threatening infections. SCID is often fatal in the first 2years of life if not identified and properly treated. While additional laboratory methods are being developed, the current T-cell receptor excision circle assay has proven to have outstanding specificity and sensitivity to accurately identify infants with SCID and other T-cell lymphopenia. The Jeffrey Modell Foundation (JMF) has a long history of advocacy and continues to promote newborn screening for SCID to be implemented in the United States and worldwide. Based on reports provided by California, New York, Texas, and Wisconsin on the results of their population based newborn screening programs, the overall incidence of SCID averaged 1:33,000 and T-cell lymphopenia averaged 1:6,600. JMF has developed a working algorithm or "decision tree", validated by peer-reviewed scientific literature, to be used by Public Health Departments and Health Ministries in states, countries, and regions throughout the world. This decision tool allows for local or regional data to be applied to measure the threshold and economic impact of implementing newborn screening for SCID and T-cell lymphopenia.

The psychology of advocacy and the advocacy of psychology.

This article addresses needs and opportunities for advocacy for the science, education and practice of psychology from the perspectives of three leaders within organized psychology, academia, and hospital practice. The authors make distinctions between knowledge transfer and knowledge translation as well as between lobbying and advocacy. They define proactive and reactive advocacy and draw attention to the impact of self-promotion and the need for collaboration in advocacy activity. Further, the authors define the need for and application of advocacy within the university environment, highlighting how advocacy skills can be taught and can have a broad reach within university student populations. The authors then address the characteristics of a practice environment upon which successful advocacy in this setting depends: the size of the problem, the effectiveness of available solutions, and the unique role psychology can play in the application of solutions. The article concludes by underscoring the collective responsibility psychologists have to be advocates and offers 12 steps in support of successful advocacy for psychology at individual, departmental, and organisational levels. Keywords: advocacy, lobbying, knowledge translation, advocacy training, steps in support of advocacy As the national organisation representing psychologists, the Canadian Psychological Association (CPA) has a long history of advocacy on behalf of the science and the profession of psychology. The mission and mandate of the CPA include two specific advocacy objectives: * promote excellence and innovation in psychological research, education, and practice; * To promote the advancement, development, dissemination, and application of psychological knowledge. (CPA, n.d.) http://www.cpa.ca/aboutcpa/ The importance of these objectives to the membership of the CPA and to Canadian psychology is as salient now as it was in the early days of CPA's organisation. The fruits of Canadian psychology's advocacy efforts are evident as Canada boasts a strong scientific community of psychologists (Carleton, Peluso, & Asmundson, 2010), record-breaking enrolment in both undergraduate and graduate programs in psychology (Canadian Association of University Teachers, CAUT, 2010), a well-established accreditation mechanism for professional psychology programs (Hunsley & Barker, 201 1), and psychologists contributing vital roles in diverse employment settings (Ronson, Cohen, & Hunsley, 2010). Advocacy initiatives are a prominent focus of the CPA's newly formed Science and Practice Directorates. In addition to those advocacy efforts and activities supported by CPA, many important advocacy activities have been undertaken by provincial and territorial associations of psychology in the form of developing government and media relations kits, TV commercials, media training, and leadership conferences. A number of these latter activities were made possible by funds returned to Canada by the Committee for the Advancement of Professional Practice of the American Psychological Association (APA) - the funds representing a proportion of the Practice Assessment Dues paid by Canadian members of the APA (J. Frain, personal communication, November 24, 201 1). In addition to the explicit advocacy engaged in by the highly experienced staff of the CPA, there are countless ways that members of the Canadian psychological community promote our science and our profession via the products of their work. From early in their training, graduate students in psychology are encouraged to present their findings at scholarly conferences and to submit their work for publication in peer-reviewed journals. Psychological research is published in a vast array of scholarly journals. Practitioners train and consult to service agencies and fellow practitioners. Many among our science, practice and training communities consult to public agencies and participate in public events and lectures. …

Independent advocacy, neuro‐disability and spirituality? A history of advocacy with a case study from the Independent Mental Capacity Advocate (IMCA) service

Purpose – This paper aims to show the particular difference Independent Mental Capacity Advocates (IMCA) can make towards specific decisions which some acquired brain injury clients, who are eligible for the IMCA service, experience.Design/methodology/approach – A case study is highlighted in which the role of the IMCA is described against the background of a selective literature review on the history of advocacy in relation to its emergence as a profession. This analysis references issues of spirituality and culture.Findings – Themes raised in the case are discussed with reference to ongoing research and these are related to the best interests of clients, and to reflexivity as a basis for the professionalisation of advocacy.Research limitations/implications – IMCA practitioners are instructed in well‐defined “best interests” situations, where an individual has no capacity, support or representation, or requires safeguarding measures in relation to certain decisions. In these cases, social, cultural, emot...

A Global Coordinating Platform for Noncommunicable Diseases

There is a long history of advocacy to place noncommunicable diseases higher on the global public health agenda. Although attempts have been made and action is well under way, there is still a lack of a coordinating mechanism that helps identify action, tracks progress, and stimulates multistakeholder collaboration while preventing duplication of efforts. The fast-approaching United Nations High Level Meeting on Non-Communicable Diseases and the call by all parties for more efficient responses to the growing problems of noncommunicable diseases presents a unique opportunity to create an institutional mechanism that incentivizes coordination. An apex coordinating arrangement would allow efficient global information exchange, mapping existing gaps in action, and identifying and catalyzing collaboration across sectors and regions of the world.

The Politics and Consequences of Including Stakeholders in International Development Evaluation

Participatory evaluation approaches have a relatively long history of advocacy and application in the international development evaluation community. Despite widespread use and apparent resonance with practitioners and donors alike, very little empirical research exists on why and how participatory evaluation approaches are used in international development settings. In this article, we present results derived from a mixed method investigation of a sample of practicing international development evaluators regarding their perceptions of how and why stakeholders are included in international development evaluations. Findings suggest that participatory evaluation approaches are interpreted and practiced in widely differing ways. Implications for international development evaluation practice and future research are discussed.

Independent advocacy and the “rise of spirituality”: views from advocates, service users and chaplains

The Mental Capacity Act (2005) and the amendments to the Mental Health Act (1983) in 2007–which came into effect in 2007 and 2009, respectively, in England and Wales–made it a statutory duty for the NHS and local authorities to refer to advocacy services. This is part of a growth in advocacy which coincides with an increase in literature on mental health and spirituality. Independent advocates and spiritual care coordinators (or chaplains) provide expressions of advocacy. For Independent Mental Capacity Advocates, social, cultural and spiritual factors are influential. Research involved a literature review on the history of advocacy and interviews with over 30 advocates, chaplains and service users and subsequent grounded theory analysis. The attested “rediscovery of the spiritual dimension in health and social care” was supported by overlaps in the practices of advocates and chaplains. This highlighted shortcomings around the professionalisation of advocacy in relation to culture and spirituality.

Towards the Re-Emergence of a Critical Ecology of the Early Childhood Profession in New Zealand

A 10-year strategic plan for early childhood education introduced by the New Zealand Ministry of Education in 2002 included policies to create a teacher-led early childhood profession by 2012. This article reviews the provisions of the strategic plan and argues that it emerged from a critical ecology of the early childhood profession with a history of advocacy and strategy. The article marks out new challenges to the implementation of the strategic plan as it draws close to its end date in a changed political context and a time of economic constraint. It is argued that the challenges call for the re-emergence of a critical ecology of the profession that responds to the current context.

Clinical Social Worker as Patient Advocate in a Community Mental Health Center

As a profession, social work has always advocated for clients. Yet clinical social work settings often ignore this important aspect of practice. For mental health services in public agencies, patient advocacy is a particularly vital element because these systems are not always responsive to the individual client. The clinical social worker, trained in advocacy, systemic intervention, and psychotherapy, is the professional most qualified to fill this role. The author summarizes the history of advocacy, provides a conceptual framework for the clinical social work advocate, and provides examples from 20 years of experience as a patient advocate in community mental health.

AGLP to Honor Pioneering Gay-Rights Activists

Back to table of contents Previous article Next article APA InstituteFull AccessAGLP to Honor Pioneering Gay-Rights ActivistsGene Nakajima, M.D.Gene NakajimaSearch for more papers by this author, M.D.Published Online:15 Sep 2006https://doi.org/10.1176/pn.41.18.0031The association of Gay and lesbian Psychiatrists' (AGLP) next major event marks a milestone in our history of advocacy—the first presentation of the APA John Fryer, M.D., Award.Over the past year, AGLP, along with APA and lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) psychiatrists, has raised $50,000 to endow the award. The award joins other APA awards for underrepresented minorities and recognizes public figures who have made significant contributions to the mental health of LGBT people.Fryer was known as Dr. Anonymous when, with his identity masked, he gave a courageous speech at APA's 1972 annual meeting that contributed to the declassification of homosexuality as a mental illness. Long-time gay civil rights activists Barbara Gittings and Franklin kameny, Ph.D., who were on the same panel as Fryer in 1972, will be the first recipients of the award.Fryer awardees will deliver a lecture each year, with the location alternating between APA's institute on Psychiatric Services and the annual meeting.In honor of this new award, APA's 2006 institute will feature a day-long program on lesbian and gay issues on Saturday, october 7, at the Marriott Marquis Hotel in new york City. The program features the presentation of the Fryer award and will cover a broad array of topics pertinent to the mental health of LGBT individuals (see Original article: box).The institute offers a fee category for one-day registrations, so it is possible to register just for Saturday's events. Since the timing of the full-day program is coordinated with other institute activities, you will be able to attend other workshops or symposia on that day as well.AGLP encourages medical students and residents to attend this year's institute, especially those who have never done so before. Registration is free for medical students and only $75 for APA members-in-training.AGLP will hold its fall business meeting at the institute this year, instead of in September during the fall component meetings. The business meeting, on Sunday, october 8, is open to all AGLP members and is a great way to learn more about AGLP's many programs and to become more involved in AGLP.We are also scheduling two general receptions and a reception for medical students and psychiatry residents.AGLP, an allied organization of APA, is a national organization with 500 psychiatrist members. Its activities include educational sessions and social events in conjunction with APA's annual meetings. The organization publishes a quarterly newsletter as well as the Journal of Gay and Lesbian Psychotherapy.More information about the AGLP meeting is available online at<www.AGLP.org> or by phone at (215) 222-2800. ▪Gene Nakajima, M.D., is a psychiatrist at a community mental health center in San Francisco. ISSUES NewArchived

‘Being Froebelian’: An Antipodean Analysis of the History of Advocacy and Early Childhood

This paper proposes that ‘being Froebelian’ is also about advocacy for social and political change. Reconsidering the nature of this advocacy in the light of current international policy interest and investment in early education is presented as a conclusion. From an Antipodean perspective this paper outlines the changing contexts of advocacy in relation to governments' interest in institutions for the very young.

Back to Basics

The social work profession has a long history of advocacy to improve the human condition, especially for groups of people at high risk of discrimination and marginalization. Social workers have been instrumental in identifying, assessing, treating, and preventing illicit drug use as part of this commitment to advocacy. One component of social work's endeavors on behalf of drug users and other populations-at-risk has been advocating for increased access to health care. This article examines the role that having health insurance plays in obtaining the most basic of all health caregetting a physical examination. Featuring a sample of 1,271 chronic and injecting street drug users and comparison group non-users, the analysis demonstrates that having health insurance enhances access and utilization of health care among this at-risk population. Subjects who had health insurance for even one month of the past twelve were twice as likely to participate in basic health care by having a physical exam.

The Waitangi Tribunal and New Zealand History

The Waitangi Tribunal and New Zealand History, by Giselle Byrnes (Oxford: Oxford U.P., 2004; pp. 222. £26.99). This scholarly and closely-argued analysis of the history produced by the research and reports of the Waitangi Tribunal will be of interest to students of ‘postcolonialism’ and the aborigines' rights movements in North America, Australia and elsewhere. In New Zealand, public debate has been sharpened by its conclusion that the Tribunal set up in 1975 to determine the validity of Maori compensation for loss of lands and other rights contrary to the terms of the 1840 Treaty has been ‘a noble, but ultimately flawed experiment’ (p. 199). The reasons adduced are many and derive from the purpose of ‘advocacy history’—namely to establish Crown culpability in the past and the need for remedies to compensate tribal and sub-tribal claimants in the present. By selecting evidence to support those claims, the Tribunal is writing,...

The evolving construct of intellectual disability: is everything old new again?

The American Association on Mental Retardation (AAMR) is a very influential body in the arena of intellectual disability. It has a long and distinguished history of advocacy for individuals with an intellectual disability, of disseminating information, and of publishing work relevant to intellectual disability. One of the roles the AAMR has undertaken has been to define and classify intellectual disability. It published its first manual on definition in 1921 and its tenth in 2002. In 1992 the AAMR published the 9th edition of the manual for the definition of mental retardation (intellectual disability in Australia and learning disability in the United Kingdom). This definition varied substantially from that of the 8th edition (1983) which had remained largely unchanged from the publication in 1973 of the 6th edition. The 1992 definition states: “Mental retardation refers to substantial limitation in present functioning. It is characterized by significantly subaverage intellectual functioning, existing concurrently with related limitations in two or more of the following applicable adaptive skill areas: communication, self-care, home living, social skills, community use, self-direction, health and safety, functional academics, leisure, and work. Mental retardation manifests before age 18”

Academyʼs new President has long history of advocacy

Academyʼs new President has long history of advocacy

Advocating for persons who are mentally ill: a history of mutual empowerment of patients and profession.

The author reviews the history of advocacy for mentally ill individuals. Through organizations such as the National Mental Health Association and the National Alliance for the Mentally Ill, collaboration among professionals, consumers, and concerned citizens is enhanced. The common causes and differences among organizations are discussed within the context of how psychiatrists can realize leadership strategies to further advance advocacy for mentally ill persons and for the profession.