Historical Portrait Research Articles

The Key Role of Temporal Stratification for GCM Bias Correction in Climate Impact Assessments

AbstractCharacterizing climate change impacts on water resources typically relies on Global Climate Model (GCM) outputs that are bias‐corrected using observational data sets. In this process, two pivotal decisions are (a) the Bias Correction Method (BCM) and (b) how to handle the historically observed time series, which can be used as a continuous whole (i.e., without dividing it into sub‐periods), or partitioned into monthly, seasonal (e.g., 3 months), or any other temporal stratification (TS). Here, we examine how the interplay between the choice of BCM, TS, and the raw GCM seasonality may affect historical portrayals and projected changes. To this end, we use outputs from 29 GCMs belonging to the CMIP6 under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway 5–8.5 scenario, using seven BCMs and three TSs (entire period, seasonal, and monthly). The results show that the effectiveness of BCMs in removing biases can vary depending on the TS and climate indices analyzed. Further, the choice of BCM and TS may yield different projected change signals and seasonality (especially for precipitation), even for climate models with low bias and a reasonable representation of precipitation seasonality during a reference period. Because some BCMs may be computationally expensive, we recommend using the linear scaling method as a diagnostics tool to assess how the choice of TS may affect the projected precipitation seasonality of a specific GCM. More generally, the results presented here unveil trade‐offs in how BCMs are applied, regardless of the climate regime, urging the hydroclimate community to carefully implement these techniques.

Historical Portrait of the Yakut Merchant of the 1st Guild N. D. Everstov

The article is devoted to the study of the economic and social-educational activities of the Yakut merchant of the 1st guild N. D. Everstov. The main purpose of the publication is to reconstruct the historical portrait of N. D. Everstov. The article used the methodology of the civilizational approach formulated by A. Toynbee. The topic has theoretical and applied relevance. The author determined the origin of N. D. Everstov and the original sources of capital accumulation. In 1894, Everstov was the first Yakut to become a merchant of the 1st guild. In 1900, the trading house “N. D. Everstov” was founded in Yakutsk. In 1901, Everstov was awarded the title of commerce advisor and honorary citizen. The article reveals that Everstov organized a wholesale fur trade and an extensive network of agents in the 1860–1870s, entered the fairs of Irbit and Nizhny Novgorod, and had an annual turnover of 200–800 thousand rubles. In 1867–1878 at auctions in Leipzig they sold more than 50 lots of furs, with a total value of 865 thousand rubles. Dynamics of trade with China in 1865–1878 amounted to 50–100 thousand rubles annually, average profit 700 thousand rubles. N. D. Everstov laid the foundations for bill lending to entrepreneurs in North-Eastern Siberia. In 1860–1879, the lending rate was 12–13 % per annum, the total amount of loans was more than 145 thousand rubles. In 1910–1911, the merchant organized a bank with an authorized capital of 50 thousand rubles. A social and educational activity of N. D. Everstov was expressed in the financing of educational institutions, churches, missionary societies of Yakutsk. In 1915, the state of N. D. Everstov was estimated at 1 million rubles. Everstov’s sons continued their father’s trading and financial activities but were unable to create a large enterprise. The Yakut merchant laid the foundations for conducting trade and financial business with large capital in North-Eastern Siberia, organized the wholesale supply of consumer goods to the population of the region through the ports of the Sea of Okhotsk, and formed the trade and transport infrastructure of the macro-region.

A decolonial feminist inquiry into women’s agency in the urban landscape in 19th-century Iran

ABSTRACT Proposing a socio-historical and decolonial analytical lens, I challenge the current dominant discourses surrounding Iranian women’s agency in emerging public spaces in the late 19th century. I scrutinise the urban landscape in late 19th-century Iran, drawing from a variety of archival data, such as first-hand memoirs, travelogues, and official reports, to situate Iranian women in a broader sociohistorical context and present a nuanced understanding of their presence in emerging public spaces. To do so, I compare texts written by the non-locals with those written by local observers with a specific focus on their characterisation of women and their presence and agency in the newly emerging public spaces during this time. Having used grounded theory methods to carry out the initial examining and coding of the data, I investigate the degree to which the images portrayed by the local and non-local texts take into account the material circumstances of women. I deconstruct the dominant knowledge about Iranian women’s portrayal and reconstruct a layered sociohistorical interpretation of the findings, thereby proposing an alternative decolonial narrative of women’s agency in public spaces in 19th-century Iran. I contend that the prevalent historical portrayal of women’s agency, particularly in public spaces, is markedly shaped by one of the narratives of the late 19th century, i.e. that of the non-local Western observers. Building on a comparative analysis, I argue that to produce alternative decolonial place-based feminist knowledge, it is imperative to re-engage with domestic texts. By revisiting these sources, feminist scholars can question and deconstruct the dominant knowledge on women’s presence in urban landscapes and reconstruct a more accurate and diversified feminist narrative that acknowledges women’s dynamic interplay with the local and global forces which in itself is a decolonial feminist practice.

HiStyle: Reinventing historic portraits via 3D generative model

Recreating historical portraits with accuracy and artistic diversity has always been a challenge in the field of computer vision. To ensure faithful reinvention of portrait images, it is essential to not only restore colors and reconstruct 3D geometry but also incorporate various artistic styles. Although significant progress has been made in individual tasks, existing methods often struggle with a trade-off between low-quality yet accurate restoration, limiting their ability to meet all criteria within a unified model. To address these challenges, we propose HiStyle, a generative model that simultaneously supports 2D to 3D reconstruction, grayscale to RGB conversion, and photo-to-stylized image transformation. HiStyle first introduces a GAN inversion technique, restoring the lost color information of input historic portraits while elevating 2D images to 3D representation. Additionally, we integrate the powerful CLIP model into 3D-aware GANs to achieve zero-shot text-driven style transfer. To further enhance the range of styles, we leverage the latent diffusion model to synthesize multiple 2D style extensions of the colorized images. Experiment results demonstrate improved quality and diversity of generated images. Our HiStyle reveals the potential of 3D-aware GANs in preserving cultural heritage.

Influence of Accurate Attribution on Preservation of Historical Portrait Miniatures

Influence of Accurate Attribution on Preservation of Historical Portrait Miniatures

Meta-genre formations in the poetry of Valery Bryusov

The subject of the article is the peculiarities in the formation of genre trends in the work of Valery Bryusov. Author pays attention to Bryusov's appeal to supercycles-catalogs, which occur when the evolution or transformation of the genre is carried out in several collections. Among such genre supercycles-catalogs, the genre of the poem-"monument", or historical and mythological medallion, stands out. This genre can take different forms from Bryusov (lyrical ecphrasis, the poem -"glory", which combined various types of genres). In this context is also considered the issue of continuity and transformation of the lyrical genres of World and Russian literature in the Bryusov's work. In the proposed article, the author aims to identify the features and nature of the interaction of traditional and non-traditional genre formations in Bryusov's poetry. The author uses systematic-typological and structural-semiotic, as well as comparative-historical and cultural-historical methods and focuses on the works of M. L. Gasparov and L. G. Kikhney as a methodological base. The novelty of the research lies in the study of the genre in Bryusov's lyrics as a changeable category that undergoes changes and transformations in the poet's work. The article draws following conclusions: 1) the formation of sections of Bryusov's lyrics was carried out not only on the content side, but also on genre affiliation; 2) large-volume supercycles-catalogs created by Bryusov was almost a new phenomenon for the Russian literary tradition; 3) the poem-"monument" as a genre of the supercycle -catalog often takes different forms in Bryusov's work; 4) mythological and historical portraits reflected in the poems-"monuments" originate in sculptural images of great people; 5) poems-"glory", in turn, includes various genre types (for example, requiem and testament).

The Visions of a Visionary—Girish Karnard’s Play The Dreams of Tipu Sultan

Indian playwright Girish Karnad seeks to challenge the conventional historical portrayal of Tipu Sultan in his play Dreams of Tipu Sultan by emphasizing Tipu’s personal and psychological experiences. As a pioneering playwright known for blending diverse theatrical styles, Karnad integrates real historical events with creative storytelling to present Tipu Sultan as a complex figure deserving of both respect and empathy. The play begins not with the central character of Tipu Sultan, but with two historians, Mysorian Kirmani and the British Colin Mackenzie. These historians serve as a lens through which the audience can explore and question the traditional narratives surrounding Tipu Sultan’s life and reign. They raise important inquiries about the authenticity of historical accounts and traditional narratives and encourage a more nuanced understanding of Tipu Sultan’s motivations, relationships, and inner world. By delving into the personal and psychological experiences of Tipu Sultan, Karnad invites us to question and reevaluate our understanding of history, new historicism, and the human portrayal of the historical figure Tipu Sultan.

Portrayal or Betrayal? A Few Thoughts on Milton’s Curls

In one of his most frequently reproduced portraits, John Milton appears as a young man, depicted in a three-quarter view, looking sideways, not directly at but rather beyond the beholder. His small mouth and undereye lids hint at a faint smile. He has rather thick eyebrows, a straight nose, and the full cheeks and round chin of a youth. His long hair parted in curtains falls in graceful curls far below his shoulders, over his white collar and black robe. This familiar image that the general public associates with the name of John Milton differs however from authenticated portraits of the poet, and results from a series of alterations that started in the 19th century. The purpose of this essay is twofold: firstly, to trace the modifications made on portraits of the author of Paradise Lost, and to study them in the context of changing aesthetic preferences and psychological debates; secondly, to initiate a theoretical reflection on historical portraits. Drawing on recent scholarship on biofiction, this article will suggest that distorted images affect the portraits of “great men” by fictionalizing historical figures and presenting “iconofictions” that pass as portraits. Located at the intersection of art, history, and biography, this paper intends to discover how a modified portrait of John Milton became iconic even while it lost its status as a documentary piece.

ПІСЛЯ ВАЛЬТЕРА СКОТТА: АНГЛІЙСЬКИЙ ІСТОРИЧНИЙ РОМАН 1830–1840-Х РОКІВ

Background. The study examines the unique evolution of the historical novel genre following its rise to prominence in the first half of the 19th century, driven by Walter Scott's "Waverley Novels". The further development of the genre in early Victorian and mid-19th century English literature is traced, particularly in the works of G. P. R. James, W. H. Ainsworth, E. Bulwer-Lytton, and C. Kingsley. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to reinterpret issues of history, and the interaction between history and literature in the context of contemporary literary discourse. The goal of the research is to identify the artistic dominants and main directions of the development of the historical novel throughout the 19th century. Methods. The research employs a combined approach that integrates elements of historical-cultural, comparative-historical, and reception-aesthetic methods, as well as genre and postmodernist criticism. The research strategy is also based on methods of semantic, stylistic, narratological, contextual, intertextual, and textual analysis with elements of comparative typology. Results. It has been established that the formation of the historical novel genre and its rapidly growing popularity indicate a shift in aesthetic dominants in 19th-century literature. The popularity of Walter Scott's novels coincides with an intensified interest in national history during the Victorian period. The historical works of Thomas Carlyle and Thomas Babington Macaulay significantly contribute to the rising authority and popularity of historical fiction, influencing writers. Victorian historical novelists advocate for adherence to factual accuracy. At the same time, there emerges a tendency within the genre towards formulaic romanticization and mythologization of historical portrayals to cater to popular tastes. Сonclusions. The rising popularity of Victorian historical novels was not accompanied by an improvement in their artistic qualities. As the genre became more popular, it gradually lost the best features of the Walter Scott model. Mid-19th century English historical novels interpret history in connection with contemporary issues, often marked by bias, didacticism, and ideological engagement. The depiction of history allowed Victorian writers to illustrate progressive changes and celebrate the triumph of contemporary progress over the "old times," thereby reflecting the Enlightenment view of history that was also characteristic of Victorian progressivism.

Unrevealing Symbols and Historical Portrayal of Dan Brown’s The Lost Symbol

The experience bore a striking resemblance to Dan Brown’s work, The Lost Symbol (2009) The aforementioned factors served to embellish and mould the narrative. Additionally, it is adorned with many symbolic representations from facts. The findings indicate that the elements of representament, interpretant, and object play a significant role in delineating the narrative structure of the story. Furthermore, with the analyses of four symbols within The Lost Symbol novel that conveys thematic implications. The hand serves as a metaphorical connecting Robert Langdon, Mal’akh, and their quest to uncover the forgotten symbol. Katherine Solomon represents the embodiment of destructive of false and saviour of truth, while water symbolises purity. Lastly, Mal’akh represents the manifestation of Icarus. With these symbols myth and narrative styles also discussed .The research shows Mal’akh as representation of Psychopath. Therefore, this marked the inception of Brown’s rise to notoriety as the most contentious novelist of the 21st century.

„Gyönyörű volt szál alakja”. Szent István király ikonográfiája a sokszorosított grafikában a 15. századtól a 19. század közepéig - Pótlások (új ábrázolások, adalékok és javítások)

More than twenty years ago, in the “millennial year” (1 January 2000–20 August 2001), a representative work of scholarship was released in honour of the millennial anniversary of the foundation of the state (budapest, boda Antikvárium, 2001) about the representations of the first king of Hungary, Saint Stephen, in the medium of graphic prints. The publication was reviewed by noted scholars and has been referred continuously in special literature ever since.It is common knowledge that the “image” of king Saint Stephen has been closely tied to Hungarian history, as a decisive personage at its turning points. After the publication of the book I have therefore kept tabs on and collected the data that enlarge, supplement and at a few times rectify its contents. for easier orientation, both the complementary material, the additions, and new representations are adjusted to the item numbers in the iconographic catalogue attached to the volume.From among the addenda, one picture is a complementation to item 71, because in 2001 no copy of its first publication (1692) could be had. Among the sixteen addenda (27, 37, 46, 49, 62, 70, 79, 95, 96, 104, 108, 126, 153, 188, 191, 219) item 46 also received a new picture which arose as the “b” variant of the copperplate engraving (first published in 1626) in a so-far unknown, unique function in 1632. Another six items of the addenda also contain corrections (69, 76, 94, 100, 139, 139, 208), of which two (76, 100) name the original publication (1609 and 1612, resp.) of the two prints in the Hungarian Historical portrait Gallery removed from their original function. Six items of the corrigenda (5, 61, 75, 179, 187) make the description more accurate, with a picture added to one (187), restoring a cut-out copy kept in the Hungarian Historical picture Gallery now to its original function.In the past two decades, the material of the volume has been enlarged by twenty five unpublished depictions, i.e. nearly by 10%. These pictures and descriptions collected on the basis of autopsy affect the period between 1493 and 1852, adjusted to the earlier chronology of the data. Their item number received the number of the preceding bibliographic description with the addition of an ‘a’ or two (5a, 35a, 55a, 70a, 79a, 81a, 90a, 90aa, 97a, 105a, 116a, 128a, 155a, 155aa, 187a, 188a, 192s, 193a, 215a, 216a, 216aa, 228a, 238a, 251a, 254a). The new representations are always attached pictures, and their description adopted the structure of the data in the 2001 volume.Order of new information after the number of the item:Title or iconographic type of the representationTitle of the print without the religious texts. Latter only given when there is no title.Form of appearanceDate of makingTechnique of productionPlace of making, signatureSize by the producing technique and by the state of the sheetBibliographic description of the source containing the representation, with the accurate place of the print in the work at issuePlace of preservation and mark of the copy about which the description is madeRemarksBibliography

PERCEPTION OF STYLE INFLUENCES IN ARCHITECTURAL SPACE

This research presents a theoretical study, which reflects the importance, possibilities, and character of stylistics observed in some periods of time and manifested in objects and interior elements in public or private architectural spaces in Moldova. The author reflects on the role of research by observing and exploiting the stylistic interference of other cultures and nations, the creations of representatives in the field, and by forming a complex picture of the Moldovan interior space. The influence of stylistic elements on the interior space in different periods of time is elucidated, observed, and implemented in the residential or non-residential space through form and constructive materials, interior design, organization and zoning, furniture, stylistic detailing, but also through visual arts in painting and graphics, real historical portraits, landscape paintings, interiors from different localities and periods of time, demonstrating the undeniable richness of the cultural heritage of the Republic of Moldova, but also the need for research and exploitation of the national treasure.

TRANSFORMATION OF THE RITUAL GENEALOGICAL PORTRAIT IN PAINTING OF MIKHAILO GUIDA: EUROPEAN CONTEXT

The purpose of the article is to investigate the significance of the European portrait canon in the genre painting by Mikhailo Guida: "Kuban Wedding: Dedication to Great-Grandfather Demian Doroshenko" (2004).
 Methodology. The historical-cultural, comparative, iconographic, iconological, and hermeneutic methods are used.
 Results. Based on a comparison with compositions on the theme of marriage in the art of antiquity, the Renaissance, and the Modern era, in Guida's painting the following has been identified: the presence of a spiritual centre (icon); the role of symmetry in constructing the ritual composition; the national character of the images and symbols (Ukrainian land, home yard, clothing, flowers, ritual objects). The wedding portrait of the Cossack family was created in the iconography of ceremonial aristocratic portraits, developed by Titian, Tintoretto, Velasquez, Rubens, Van Dyck, and Whistler.
 Guida created a new form of portrait and self-portrait in the historical portrait, endowing the image of ancestors with the individual psychology of a person in times of crisis, with its inherent reflection and the desire to understand one’s place in the universe. In the composition of the Ukrainian painter, there is a sacralisation of the land and the house-yard through the connection with the universal. The laconic composition plastically corresponds to the definition of the Kuban Cossack family's place in the steppe landscape. The family is shown as a monolithic integrity, which includes horses embodying the energy of nature. The golden ratio of the composition contains the archetype of the cross. The image of the birth-giving earth is revealed by the horizontal of fertile black soil. The family is included in the spiritual vertical of the ritual "axial time" – Axis Mundi. In the connection between heaven and earth, the strength of the Ukrainian lineage and people is affirmed.
 The scientific novelty of the publication lies in the fact that, for the first time, a comparison is carried out of the ideological content and the form of Guida's painting with ritual compositions on the theme of weddings and the canon of European aristocratic portraits. The art of the Ukrainian painter is incorporated into the context of European art.
 Practical significance. The presented materials, their artistic-stylistic analysis, and generalization can be used in scientific research dedicated to the art of portrait-painting in Ukraine.

Historical portrait of the first prima donna of Baroque opera: Vittoria Archilei

The name of Vittoria Archilei has entered the history of vocal art as the first opera prima donna in a new style of singing for the turn of the XVI-XVII centuries. During her lifetime, the singer enjoyed great popularity. Outstanding composers G. Caccini, J. Peri, S. D'India, E. de’ Cavalieri, etc. they admired her skill, noting the extraordinary tenderness of the sound of her voice, combined with its bright virtuosity. Archilei performance was significantly different from other singers, her contemporaries. It is not by chance that J. Peri calls the prima donna the Euterpe of his time. The article presents a creative portrait of Vittoria Archilei, the first brilliant interpreter of monodic music, an outstanding singer who created a new method of singing women. The methodological basis of the work is the principle of historicism. The cultural and historical research method was used. The biographical reconstruction was made on the basis of source studies with reviews of the singer's contemporaries, letters, music-critical articles. In Russian musicology, this article is the first special publication dedicated to the creative path of Vittoria Archilei. This material will be useful for musicians, singers performing old music, for its stylistically correct interpretation, as well as in training courses on the history of vocal performance at vocal departments of music colleges and faculties of universities.

Ngunduh Wohing Pakarti: The Moral Roots of Business Governance Principles

Purpose—This study aims to explore and interpret the moral values of ngunduh wooing Jakarta, which are the basis for forming business governance principles. Design/methodology/approach — This study uses a qualitative method with an interpretive paradigm emphasising a deep understanding of the meaning of ngunduh wohing pakarti in ancient Javanese society. Findings — The moral teaching of ngunduh wohing pakarti is a code of conduct for the ancient Javanese people to manage business activities. The actualization of the moral values ​​as the building of ngunduh wohing pakarti, consisting of balance, honesty, fairness, sincerity, and compassion, is an inspirational signal in formulating the principles of modern business governance today. Practical implications — Ngunduh wohing pakarti can have practical implications for management in carrying out managerial functions so that they can support wise business decision-making processes without harming other parties. The consistent application of governance principles in the moral corridor can provide added value for stakeholders and maintain a sustainable business growth process. Originality/value — This study explores the historical portrait of the development of business governance in Indonesia, especially in the ancient Javanese period. It interprets the moral meaning of ngunduh wohing pakarti in business governance principles.

The Portrayal of the Student Movement's History in the Novel Laut Bercerita by Leila S. Chudori: A New Historicism Study

This study intends to describe the form and historical portrayal of the student movement during the reform era in Laut Bercerita by Leila S. Chudori. This is an interpretive qualitative study employing the knife analysis of new historicism. The New Historicism approach is used to analyze Leila S. Chudori's novel Laut Bercerita which integrates non-literary texts into the literary texts to be analyzed. The results of the study identified four student movements depicted in the novel Laut Bercerita during the reform era: (a) discussion of the "margin kiri" book, which was considered an attempt by students to overthrow the government, (b) rejection of the dual function of ABRI, (c) the Blangguan incident as an act of rebellion students to defend corn farmers whose land will be confiscated, and (d) the Kamisan Action, which was carried out by the families of those who had been coerced into disappearances while they were all dressed in black and gathered in front of the State Palace in an attempt to uncover the truth about human rights violations. These events are reflected in the story through the experiences of the characters. The novel contextualizes actual historical events. According to New Historicism, socio-political historical events are presented to call into doubt previously recorded historical truths. It is expected that the results of the New Historicism study on Leila S. Chudori's novel Laut Bercerita will help individuals comprehend Indonesian history and allow them to learn from terrible historical occurrences so that they won't be repeated in the future.

Competencies in technology and information system demanded in accounting sciences: the national student performance exam (ENADE)

Purpose: Identify and analyze the skills and competencies of Information Technology [IT] and Information Systems [IS] that are the object of evaluation of ENADE in Accounting Sciences.
 Methodology: All ENADE tests related to Accounting were examined, the questions that used the IT and IS theme were individually identified and data related to the ease and discrimination indices of each question were extracted. Data analysis used descriptive statistics and simple linear regression.
 Results: The IT/IS content was covered in all editions, identifying a growing trend in the number of questions in the 2018 test. The measurement of these skills demonstrates an alignment with the position of other public and private, national and international institutions, which have already issued recommendations on the inclusion of IT/IS as official subjects in the Accounting curriculum.
 Contributions of the Study: The results can be used as a historical portrait of ENADE's Accounting tests in relation to IT/IS contents; as a reflection on the role of ENADE; as input for the elaboration of the new tests; and as a stimulus for educators and coordinators regarding the debate on the role of accountants and what is currently required of these professionals.

ВІДНОВЛЕННЯ ТА ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ ЗАКЛАДУ ДУХОВНОЇ ОСВІТИ СУМЩИНИ У НОВІТНІЙ ПЕРІОД (1997–2015)

The article is devoted to the latest stage of the only confessional institution of spiritual education in the Sumy Region which is Sumy Theological Seminary named after His Beatitude Metropolitan Volodymyr (Sabodan) of Kyiv. The article traces the history of the spiritual and educational institution: from the Okhtyrka Theological School (1819), which was moved to Sumy (1889), its closure in 1919, to the resumption of the school's activities in 1998 and the opening of Sumy Theological Seminary on its basis. The 25th anniversary of the educational process restoration in Sumy Pastoral and Theological School provides an opportunity to study the activity latest stages of Sumy Institution of Spiritual Education. Since 2015 the school was reorganized into Sumy Theological Seminary, which was named in honor of His Beatitude Metropolitan Volodymyr (Sabodan) and operates in this status today. The structure and specifics of the spiritual education institution activity are traditionally closed and have other specific features significantly different from other educational institutions. Thus, it causes research interest. The relevance and practical significance of studying the history and latest updates of Sumy Theological Seminary is also due to the exclusivity of the institution. Sumy Theological Seminary is currently the only denominational institution of spiritual education in the Sumy Region. The study of the spiritual educational institution in the Sumy Region, its history, and its current state, allow us to obtain more precise data about education in the Sumy Region in general. The history of spiritual education in the Region is an integral part of its heritage and defines the contours of its regional cultural and historical portrait, requiring further thorough research. The results of scientific research can be used in the process of studying the history of the Sumy Region as a separate region, educational institutions of the Region, the study of local history and historical-pedagogical courses in pedagogical higher education institutions of Ukraine, in institutions of postgraduate pedagogical education, as well as in religious educational institutions. The purpose of the research is to reproduce little-known facts of the history of Sumy and the Sumy Region, related to the activities of the theological school and seminary, as also individual facts of the religious and social life of the Sumy Region.

Католикос Нерсес III Строитель: исторический портрет

The personality of Catholicos Nerses III the Builder (641–661) is characterized by Armenian chronicles variously. As an active conductor of the Byzantine policy and Orthodoxy in Arme-nia, Nerses tried in all possible ways to strengthen the political and ecclesiastical ties of Ar-menians and Romans, and this resulted in the treaty of 652. Both, Armenians-Monophisites and Armenians-Chalcedonians fought for the welfare and development of the Armenian state. The difference was only in the details of the political vision of the latter during the 7th century. The Armenian-Byzantine alliance became evident already in the 9th century, when Armenia established new relations with Byzantium, as well as in the 10th–11th and 13th centuries, when the Orthodox community and culture reached their heyday in Armenia. Nerses III was the initiator and patron of a number of wonderful church buildings, which largely determined the architectural and artistic image of the epoch. Catholicos Nerses re-built the cathedral in Dvin, erected the churches in Khor Virap, the Holy Zion in Garni, the Holy Sign near the mountain Varaga, as well as the churches in Bagavan and Vagharshakert (Valarshakert). The most outstanding building of Catholicos Nerses is Zvartnots, or the church of the Vigilant Power, which had its replicas in the architecture of Armenia and South Caucasus. Nerses paid much attention to the Christianization of Armenia. All his buildings were some-how connected with this historical event. Moreover, he implemented the program of hieroto-pia – the transferring of the topography of the Holy Land to Armenia: Zvartnots repeated the form of the Holy Sepulcher, the cathedral in Dvin reproduced the composition of the Ba-silica of the Nativity in Bethlehem, the small church in Khor Virap interpreted one of the Palestine Shrines. Nerses III repeated his grandiose idea in his birthplace, in Tayk, erected the churches in Ishkhan, Banak and Oltu (Ukhteats). The historical portrait of Catholicos Nerses III perfectly reflected his era, very bright and unprecedented in the context of the history of medieval Armenia.

СПОГАДИ ПРО ВИДАТНОГО ВЧЕНОГО-СЕЛЕКЦІОНЕРА І. М. ЄРЕМЕЄВА (1887–1957 РР.): МАЛОВІДОМІ СТОРІНКИ БІОГРАФІЇ

The objective of this publication is to popularize and revitalize lesser-known or forgotten aspects, as well as individual episodes, of the life of the eminent scientist-breeder and professor, I. M. Yeremeev. The article presents important information through the recollections of children and contemporaries of I. M. Yeremeev. This information allows for the reconstruction of the renowned scientist’s biography, helps to clarify certain details, reveals new lesser-known aspects of his life, enriches the source base, informs about the most significant events in his life, and highlights his contributions to the history of agricultural education and science. It provides an opportunity for a comprehensive study of his life story. The authors of the scientific investigation attempt to complement the historical portrait of the distinguished scientist, emphasizing his special human qualities. They also provide a brief characterization of his family relationships, which researchers previously paid little attention to. The article serves as a tribute to the memory of the Ukrainian scientist and serves as an informative source for studying his life story.