Historical Legends Research Articles

Рецензия на книгу: Кузембайулы А., Абиль Е., Алибек Т. Сибирский улус и казахи: проблемы этнической преемственности и исторической памяти

Results and scientific novelty. The reviewed book consists of four chapters. The first one is devoted to the history of research of the Shaybanids and the Taibugid statehoods in the south of Western Siberia, as well as to the theoretical and methodological approaches to the issues of ethnic history reconstruction in the Russian and Kazakh historical fields. The second chapter deals with “Historical memory as the source of the history of the Siberian ulus”. It presents memory artefacts of the so-called Siberian ulus in the Kazakh epos poetry and in historical legends on “The materials on Kyrgyz land use”. The sources presented here are virtually unknown to Russian researchers and they open new opportunities for the study of some issues of the late medieval Siberian statehood history. The third chapter raises issues of the prehistory of the Siberian ulus, with special attention given to the ulus of Taibugi, the study of whose descendants has recently taken the lead in Kazakh medieval studies. The fourth chapter is devoted to the history of the Siberian ulus, divided into separate stages (13th–14th centuries, the period of the collapse of the Golden Horde, the Siberian Khanate). The reviewed monograph is an important stage in the formation of modern Kazakh historiography on the issues of further study of the late medieval history of Western Siberia. It reveals some new sources, unknown or little known in earlier Russian historical science; there are interesting and original ideas on ethnic relations of the Siberian and Kazakh population and the origin of the Siberian princely dynasty of the Taibugids, which need further reflection. However, ignoring many achievements of the latest Russian historiography and its selective quoting, refusal to build an accurate chronology, skipping entire decades in the generalising conclusions, and the choice of the term “Siberian ulus”, which has not revealed its full potential, raise the question as to what extent the authors were really able to create a quality study on the role of the Shibanid statehood in the history of the formation of the Kazakh people.

A case study on love motif of the Kazakh historical legends

The purpose of the article is to analyze the functions of love motif in the plot structure of Kazakh legends and systematize the texts according to the degree of its expression and plot-forming function. Using eight texts as an example, historical legends with a rudimentary and expanded love theme are separated, the specificity of a romance conflict and its role in oral narrative are defined. The national system of values is described. A conclusion is made about the integration of interethnic communication in historical legends, genre and content originality of modern Kazakh legends.

Фольклор челябинских башкир: История и перспективы изучения

The article is devoted to folklore and traditional customs of the Chelyabinsk Bashkirs. The purpose of the study is to show the degree of knowledge of Bashkir folklore in this area. Archival data, expedition materials, publications of folklorists devoted to folk art and culture of the population of this region are used as sources, unique features of various folklore genres are highlighted. Many of the texts recorded by folklorists in this region have already been published in the volumes “Bashkir Folk Art”, at the same time there are many unpublished ones. The folklore of the Bashkirs of the Chelyabinsk region today is represented mainly by the following genres: rituals, religious and mystical legends, songs, lament songs, munajats, spiritual poems, proverbs, sayings, beliefs, omens, prohibitions, ditties. Calendar holidays such as Rook porridge, goose help, as well as sabantui, held in honor of the end of sowing, have been preserved in the villages. Of the religious rites, the most stable are Ayat ukutyu (reading the ayats of the Quran), Nikah ukutyu (reading nikah), Korban bayram (Feast of Sacrifice), and the performance of funeral rites in accordance with the canons of Islam. One of the peculiar rituals of the local Bashkirs is the holiday “Aumala bayramy” (Aumal Holiday). Of the family rituals, the wedding ceremony is most different, which has many features. For example, holding a kuresh fight during a wedding is associated with the ancient custom of choosing a groom. As it is known from Bashkir epics and fairy tales, in ancient times, a girl chose the husband of the one who won the kuresh fight. As evidenced by the materials of recent expeditions, informants well remember toponymic legends, anecdotes-kulyamas, riddles, proverbs, sayings, beliefs, omens and prohibitions. However, genres such as fairy tales, historical legends and legends, baits, and games have become less common. The author concludes that the folklore of three districts has been studied more systematically: Argayashsky, Kunashaksky and Sosnovsky, therefore there is a need to organize scientific expeditions to collect folklore and ethnographic material to the rest of the region, where Bashkirs live compactly.

Who wrote the first Constitutions of Freemasonry?

Abstract This article addresses the problematic authorship of The Constitutions of the Free-Masons (1723). Traditionally associated with James Anderson, using stylometry, we examine whether and, if so, where John T. Desaguliers, the prime mover of early English institutionalized Freemasonry, contributed to this publication. Our corpus includes writings by Anderson, Desaguliers, and two contemporary Freemasons used as distractors. The transcribed works contain texts from different genres and of varying lengths. In our methodology, we employ a wide range of robust, multivariate, unsupervised, and cross-validated supervised tests, verified through significance testing, which can hopefully contribute to the establishment of standards for historical authorship attribution. Our results suggest, in line with historical evidence, that the legendary history of the Constitutions was most likely primarily authored by Anderson. However, several of the Charges including the first one ‘Concerning God and religion’, one of the most disputed texts in the history of Freemasonry, are closer to the style of Desaguliers. The General Regulations concerning the organization of the lodges, hitherto attributed to George Payne, played a fundamental role in spreading Freemasonry worldwide. Our analyses show that the stylistic affinity of fifteen of the thirty-nine regulations has a pronounced closeness to Anderson’s style, five align more closely with Desaguliers’ style. The authorship of the rest remains inconclusive partly due to the insufficient length of texts by Payne. These novel findings are also supported by a close reading of the Constitutions and other contemporary primary sources.

ASSESSMENT OF V.D. DIMITRIEV’S ACTIVITY AND SCIENTIFIC HERITAGE IN MODERN HISTORICAL SCIENCE

The article analyzes the publications of the famous historian V.D. Dimitriev (1924–2013), the main directions of his research, as well as publications about his activities and scientific works. In 2024 the scientific community celebrated the 100th anniversary of his birth, so it is necessary to show some results of studying the activities and scientific heritage of this outstanding personality. The purpose of the article is to review and classify the entire range of publications about V.D. Dimitriev and to analyze some historiographical works on the historian’s scientific works. Materials and methods. When writing the article, the principles of historicism, objectivity and consistency, methods of historical research were used, i.e. historical-comparative, historical-typological, problem-chronological methods, as well as the ones of historiographical analysis. Study results. The largest number of publications about V.D. Dimitriev are biographical articles, mostly anniversary ones. Only some of them contain a historiographical assessment of his scientific heritage (the works of Y.P. Smirnov, I.Ya. Froyanov and others). Three collections were published for the anniversary of the scientist, which give a more detailed description of his works on ethnogenesis of the Chuvash people, the history of Chuvash towns, the history of feudalism in Chuvashia, V.D. Dimitriev’s research of Chuvash historical legends, biographical sketches of representatives of the Chuvash people, the scientist’s research methodology, etc. The scientist’s research was evaluated by leading experts on the problems studied by Vasily Dimitrievich: A.G. Ivanov, G.N. Aiplatov, A. Kappeler, A.I. Nogmanov, G.N. Plechov, E.K. Mineeva, Yu.V. Gusarov, V.P. Ivanov, Yu.P. Smirnov, A.A. Chibis, and others. Dimitriev’s research on the history of Chuvashia during the feudal era and the study of Chuvash historical traditions received the greatest number of responses in the scientific world. Conclusions. Despite a significant number of publications about V.D. Dimitriev, they are unsystematic in nature, that is why there is an urgent need to create a holistic monographic study on the activities and scientific heritage of the scientist. It is necessary to introduce the materials contained in the archive of V.D. Dimitriev into scientific circulation. It is advisable to post small-circulate.

Application and Popularization of Red Cultural Resource Management in Hainan

Under the overall framework of building a free trade port with Chinese characteristics in Hainan,red culture is the foundation that needs to be explored and promoted.The red culture of CPC(the Communist Party of China)contains the brilliant achievements of the Communist Party of China with distinctive characteristics in Hainan Island,and records the revolutionary martyrs and ancestors of Hainan.In order to uphold the lofty ideals of the Party and the original aspiration of unremitting struggle for the revolutionary cause,they bravely shouldered their mission,followed one after another,and they were not afraid of sacrifi ce and worked hard,creating a revolutionary historical legend of 23 years of fighting alone on islands without a falling red flag .They have left a rich red cultural heritage,becoming a valuable resource for people to study the history of the revolution in Hainan,inherit the red genes,and carry out patriotic education,revolutionary glorious tradition education,and ideal and belief education.Exploring a new development path for the construction and promotion of Hainan Red Culture Practice Base has certain theoretical and practical significance for promoting the innovative development of the use and promotion of Hainan Red Cultural resource management in the context of building Hainan Free Trade Zone(Port).

Dostoevsky’s Lost Play “Boris Godunov” (Sources, Concept)

According to contemporaries, the play “Boris Godunov” was written by Dostoevsky before he began work on the novel “Poor People.” The manuscript of the play is lost. Some assumptions about its composition have been made in the scientific literature, but this article for the first time undertakes a systematic analysis, if possible, of all the alleged sources of the idea, as well as some of its reflections in the writer’s later works. The article examines the situation in Russian historiography and fiction related the coverage of the reign of Boris Godunov and the personality of the tsar himself prior to Dostoevsky’s undertaking of this topic. The key sources for him were the 9 volumes of Karamzin’s “History of the Russian State” and Pushkin’s “Boris Godunov,” which formed the consciousness of the future writer since the times of family readings in his parents’ house. Subsequently, Dostoevsky faced an acute dispute in literature around Karamzin and Pushkin, who declared Godunov guilty of the murder of Tsarevich Dmitry. Their position was supported in the 1830s by the authors of historical dramas V. T. Narezhny, A. S. Khomyakov, and M. E. Lobanov. The historians M. P. Pogodin, N. S. Artsybashev, and A. A. Kraevsky defended Godunov; their point of view was reflected in the dramas of the same Pogodin and G. F. Rosen. F. V. Bulgarin took an ambivalent position in both journalism and prose. Dostoevsky was undoubtedly familiar with Schiller’s printed sketches for the tragedy “Demetrius,” where the figure of Boris Godunov as psychologically complex and ambiguous. The critics of Pushkin’s Boris Godunov N. I. Nadezhdin, N. A. Polevoy, and V. G. Belinsky played a certain role in shaping Dostoevsky’s idea. In “interacting” with them, Dostoevsky obviously developed a new twist in the dramatic plot, which resolved the historians’ dead-end disputes. In his play, which absorbed the dramatic experience of Shakespeare, Racine, Schiller, as well as the historical legends around Alexander I and Napoleon, a version was proposed about Godunov’s indirect guilt in Dmitry’s death and about the hero’s unwavering moral responsibility even for indirect complicity in a crime. This motif was developed in Dostoevsky’s subsequent works, such as “Netochka Nezvanova” (Efimov), “Demons” (Stavrogin), “Brothers Karamazov” (Ivan). It can be stated with a high degree of confidence that the origin of the concept of expanding guilt and responsibility for it occurred in the very first works of the writer — the tragedies “Mary Stuart” and “Boris Godunov.” The author of the article suggests the formation of Dostoevsky’s aesthetics in the context of the development of Russian historical drama.

중국 전통 희곡의 존속에 대하여

Recently, traditional plays that show a combination pattern with online games and exist in a new field and a new way are breaking away from the way of scriptural plays. How should we recognize the crossover game and traditional crossover trend, which is sometimes considered a provocation against the “dignity of tradition”? Through this paper, I specifically tried to review how classical and modern, drama and game elements were fused, and to explore their achievements, problems, and future directions in terms of the modern succession of traditional plays. In this paper, the main research target is the 『Honor of Kings(王者荣耀)』 released game in 2015, which has recently been very popular among the game fields enjoyed by the younger generation in China. Game is a new play culture popular in modern digital society, and it seems to have nothing to do with ‘tradition’. Nevertheless, most of the hero characters in the 『Honor of Kings(王者荣耀)』 game are related to Chinese historical legends, myths or literature, and traditional Chinese culture and values are often projected on them. I believes that the combination of the hero shape character in the game and traditional Chinese characters is the most important cause of the popularity of 『Honor of Kings(王者荣耀)』, and especially focused on the connection with the play characters. Currently, 『Honor of Kings(王者荣耀)』 has officially uploaded the appearance of the hero's skin in conjunction with four plays: Beijing Opera(京劇), Kunqu Opera(崑曲), Sichuan opera(川劇), and Yue opera(越劇). First, as a combination of Peking opera(京劇) and game, it is the skin of Xiangyu(項羽) and Yuji(虞姬) in Peking opera 『Farewell My Concubine(霸王別嬉)』. Second, in the Kunqu Opera(崑曲) 『Jingmeng(惊梦)』, the figure of Duliniang(杜丽娘), which crosses life and death due to love, was transformed into one of the skin sculptures of the beautiful hero Zhenji(甄姬). Although it is not a traditional character, the Mengqi(梦奇), original hero character, in 『Honor of Kings(王者荣耀)』 was also given the skin appearance of Pangdarongrong(胖达荣荣) made by linking Sichuan opera(川劇) plays among traditional Local opera(地方戲). Finally, it is the shape of the game hero Nuxiaosheng(女小生) of Shangguanwaner(上官婉儿), which was introduced with traditional Yue opera(越劇) elements. Looking at these four aspects of game character formation related to Chinese plays, it can be seen that the original symbols and themes of the play characters are maintained as much as possible and the traditional play characteristics are never missed. Now that games have become a major play culture of the new generation, traditional Chinese plays are standing in front of the audience in a lively form of play, breaking away from the history of scripture and art. This shows confidence in traditional Chinese culture and at the same time gives a glimpse of the possibility of various methods and paths of traditional culture succession. Based on the review of this paper, its achievements and meanings were summarized in the following several ways. First, it was confirmed that traditional culture can give special vitality and competitiveness to games, which are modern plays. Second, it was found that online games equipped with traditions are a good platform for promoting history and traditional culture and a new channel for the spread of traditional culture. Finally, while seeking a sense of balance between art and the market, it is necessary to avoid the conservative view that traditional culture hesitates to compromise with the market of modern society. As mentioned above, it was confirmed that the convergence development of traditional culture and Internet games is a new method and opportunity for symbiosis and prosperity.

Проблема становления татарского сословия в Казанском ханстве (конкретно-исторические и теоретические аспекты)

The purpose of the study: Despite the publication of a significant number of works on the history of the Kazan Khanate, including the rethinking of old approaches to the study of the feudal class of this state, directly related to the Golden Horde Tatars, the problem of the formation and development of this state-forming stratum, which ascended in the Kazan yurt to the Tatars of Bulgar Vilayet Ulus Jochi, is still far from a final consensus. In this study, we focused on the analysis of the entire complex of issues related to the formation of the Tatar layer of the state that controlled it, and also on how both in the Kazan Khanate and in its political predecessor in the person of the Bulgar Vilayet, the ruling class was built on a clan basis. The system of power itself was based on the institution of Karacha-beks. The system of Karacha-beks, originally based on 4 leading clans, existed both in the Bulgar vilayet and in the Kazan Khanate, although the composition of the ruling clans in them differed. But in order to reveal the peculiarities of the clan composition of these two polities, a detailed – as far as the sources allow – analysis of the totality of information regarding the clans present there was carried out. In addition, the question of the ratio of nomadic and settled economy among the Tatars of the Kazan Khanate was also clarified. Research materials: the data of Russian chronicles, the Tatar source “Daftar-i Chingiz-name”, the works of Utemish-hadzhi, Abdulgaffar Kyrimi, Kadyr Ali-bek, materials of diplomatic correspondence of the 16th century, epigraphic materials, historical legends, and genealogical data were used in the work, associated with noble Tatars.Results and novelty of the study: The study showed that the Kazan Khanate did not inherit the former clan composition of the Tatar population of the time of the Bulgar vilayet, it was different, characteristic of the right wing of the Golden Horde and later the Greater Horde-Crimean polity. In addition, research of issues related to the formation of the Tatar stratum (estate) of the Kazan Khanate made it possible to formulate a hypothesis that it partially continued to lead a nomadic lifestyle throughout the entire period of the existence of this yurt, being in a complex interaction with the Tatars of the Nogai Horde. That allows us to take a new look in general at the question of the formation of the ethnic community of the “Kazan Tatars”, including such aspects as its territorial borders.

The Place of Shen-nong in the System of Legendary History of the Apocryphal Text <i>Chunqiu Minglixu</i>

Shen-nong (Divine Farmer) is one of the sovereigns who was believed to rule All-Under-Heaven in ancient times. Although from the 1stc. BC onwards his place in the legendary history of China was generally defined, some conflicting accounts still remained. One of these contained in now lost apocryphal text Chunqiu Minglixu, notable for its unique system of ancient history. Although Shen-nong is only twice mentioned in the surviving quotations from this apocrypha, fragments of other lost texts that were influenced by Minglixu testify its special treatment of Shen-nong. They allow to conclude that in this apocrypha’s system of ancient history there were two Shen-nongs: the first one, the August Shen-nong, ruled at the dawn of history and was endowed with cosmogonic activities, while the second one, also called Yan-di from the Da-ting clan, reigned much later and was perceived as a founder of his own dynasty.

Genre features of historical legends of the Ingush

The author examines in detail the features of the variety of Ingush prose – historical legends. In the analysis of the genre features of oral folk tales about historical legends based on certain historical facts, it is demonstrated that, despite the hype and the presence of elements of exaggeration, embellishment, they are mainly dominated by the attitude of authenticity. The Ingush have a rich history and a unique colorful culture. Studying the folk traditions and history of Ingushetia is an important way to preserve the historical heritage, the ancient roots of which are associated with the Scythians and tribes of the North Caucasus. Today, the Ingush preserve their traditions and culture. Taking into account the peculiarities of the historical traditions of the Ingush people, the groups of historical legends reflecting the historical past of the people are analyzed. The study also provides a brief description of the most important texts of historical legends. The research methodology is based on textual analysis using comparative typology, comparative history and variational methods. The author's special contribution to the study of the topic is the fact that the idealization of the heroes of historical legends has undergone significant changes over time. The almost fabulous heroes were replaced by characters close to reality. There is an obvious trend in the artistic work of storytellers, who sought to depict the events of the heroic-historical plan with a focus on authenticity. In modern conditions, when the desire for the formation of culture is extremely increasing in society, the appeal to the historical memory of ancestors acquires special importance. The historical traditions of Ingushetia, written by different collectors of folklore and recorded in different eras, are valuable not only for researchers of oral creativity, but also for historians. These are stories about important events that have happened, about people with illustrated biographies or about those who played a memorable role in the fate of the people.

Reconstruction of the early ethnic history of the Yakut tribe "Jarkhan" on the basis of ethnonymy, oral tradition and totemic ideas

The article is devoted to the early history of the Yakut tribe "Jarkhan", which was one of the main ethnic components involved in the formation of the Vilyui group of Yakuts. Previously, historical and genealogical information was transmitted orally with help of historical legends. The end of the XIX – the middle of the XX centuries marks a qualitatively new period in the formation of the written tradition of the genealogy of the Yakut people associated with the painstaking source studies, collecting and research work of G.V. Ksenofontov, S.I. Bolo, A.A. Savvin, G.U. Ergis, etc. We have made an attempt to show the process of segmentation of the Jarkhan clans and the formation of new tribal groups by compiling a nomenclature of the generic composition. The study of the generic composition allows us to imagine the processes of movement and settlement of genera, renaming, merging and formation of new ones. The purpose and objectives of the research are to systematize and interpret the materials of the oral genealogical tradition, legends and archival documents. The methodological basis of the research is based on the basic principles of historical science - the principle of historicism and the principle of objectivity. The principle of historicism is important for conducting genealogical research, as it allows us to trace the segmentation of large tribal groups into small ones. General scientific and historical methods (historical-comparative, historical-typological, source analysis) were used as additional research methods. The novelty of the research lies in the systematization of the tribal composition and the introduction into scientific circulation of previously unpublished documents of the National Archive of the RS(Ya) revealing the tribal composition. Based on the studied material, it is concluded that oral historical traditions and pedigrees represented the central core in the structure of historical knowledge among the Yakuts. Conceptually, genealogical traditions were formed from real genealogy and unreal, which is basically a structure-forming fictional genealogy (within the boundaries of tribal communities). The result of the work performed is the preparation of the nomenclature of the Yakut generic composition. We also found that the Yakuts had common, group and individual totems. Along with this, the practice of changing the historical totem to a new one associated with a new habitat has been revealed.

Religious and Historical Legends about the Cities of Sauran, Karachuk and Syganak, Located along the Syrdarya

In the article, the legends associated with religious and historical events, preserved in written sources and oral traditions of the medieval cities of Sauran and Syganak, are considered and divided into three groups. The main direction of the legends preserved in the memory of the country about religious scientists who came with the spread of religion to the cities of Turkestan, Sauran and Syganak on the Syrdarya, who began to massively convert to Islam during the Karakhanid era, is analyzed. The focus is on historical events, historical legends that originated in the cities of Syganak and Sauran during the reign of the khans of the Golden Horde and the Kazakh Khanate, as well as toponyms associated with some khans. Scientifically considered is the fact that the cities of Turkestan and Syganak were the spiritual capital and religious center of the Kazakh people, and the development of Zhyrau literature based on Sufi literature in the era of the Khanate, the emergence of spiritual values originated from these cities. Also included in the article are some of the legends associated with these cities, which began to decline from the 18th century. Some legends related to these cities, which began to decline since the 18th century, are also included.There are also legends about the plight of the people who migrated from Sauran during the Dzungar invasion.These legends will also be analyzed in the article, and it will be mentioned that the castles along the Syrdarya River were deserted at the beginning of the 19th century.

Kazak Toponimik Efsanelerinde Türk Halklarının Ortak Motifleri

Toponymic legends, a subcategory of the legend genre in field of folklore, are valuable cultural heritage that reflect the cultural and historical significance of a place and are associated with the beliefs and stories of local people. Toponymic legends are stories hidden in the depths of place names. These legends shed light on the history and cultural context of the places they are named after. Serving as a reflection of a place's essence, toponymic legends nourish the fabric of geography, revealing the uniqueness of a region. Like an archaeologist carrying the traces of history, they provide us with an unparalleled window to unravel the secrets of the past and understand the roots of local culture. However, this subcategory has not been sufficiently studied within the discipline of folklore. However, the study of toponymic legends contributes to the preservation and valorization of cultural heritage by providing scientific data in cultural, historical, linguistic, geographical and ecological fields. Moreover, the interrelationship between similar legends in different regions is an important means of comprehensively assessing the culture of a nation. This relationship sheds light on the internal harmony, national unity and historical depth of a spesific nation's traditional culture. The aim of the study is to provide a holistic perspective on Turkish culture through two toponymic legend texts from Kazakh Turks. The legends of "Kız Kulesi" (Maiden's Tower) and "Kırk Kız" (Forty Maidens) exist among both Kazakh Turks and other Turkish communities in the research sample. Both legends belong to the categorical subcategory of toponymic legends. When examined in terms of their motifs and narrative patterns, along with their texts, variants, and historical background, they show significant similarities. Furthermore, when the elements that constitute the narrative are analyzed and interpreted from the perspective of Turkish culture, it is determined that they possess intra-cultural consistency. The fact that Turkic communities, which have interacted with distant and different cultures, share the same legends with almost identical motifs, indicates the preservation of cultural unity. "Kırk Kız" and "Kız Kulesi" legends shed historical light on Turkish culture within the toponymic category. These legends, with their rich motifs and narrative elements, provide insights into the cultural heritage and historical background of the Turkish people. They serve as important cultural symbols, reflecting the deep-rooted traditions, beliefs, and values of the Turkish culture. Through the exploration of these legends, one can gain a deeper understanding of the historical, social, and cultural dynamics that have shaped the Turkish identity over time.

Engela the Saxon Queen and Britain's Legendary History in Bartholomaeus Anglicus' De proprietatibus rerum

Abstract: Bartholomaeus Anglicus' encyclopedia De proprietatibus rerum [On the properties of things] (ca. 1240) privileges Bartholomaeus' homeland, England, in its coverage of geography, citing as a source an unidentified ' Brut history' that is most likely not a Latin source. Bartholomaeus further claims 'Engela,' a Saxon queen, as the eponym of England, securing for her a place in Britain's legendary history that would have delighted Fiona Tolhurst, to whose memory this article is dedicated.

Radio espacio estacion broadcast Fordlândia

On September 16th and 17th, 2017, the nomadic online radio station radioee broadcast from Fordlândia, today a district of the city of Aveiro, state of Pará, in the Brazilian Amazonia. Produced by artist Augustina Woodgate along with cultural producers Stephanie Sherman and Hernan Woodgate and several other partners in every new location, Radio Espacio Estacion/radioee was conceived as a multilingual, mobile, online radio station set up around 24-hour/36-hour long events broadcast from different parts of the world to discuss issues of migration, mobility, transportation, environment, and climate change. In Transmissão Fordlândia, radioee revisited the legendary history of the site’s foundation by the Ford Motor Company in 1927. The broadcast questions the official narrative of desertion after Ford’s enterprise failed, which implies ideas of underdevelopment associated with a colonial modern economy of representation of Latin America. Adopting live and online radio communication, based on immediacy, synchronicity, and accessibility, Transmissão Fordlândia combined research, interviews, and first-hand descriptions of the site in a continual multilingual conversation, producing a non-linear narrative enriched with a bustling soundscape of people, birds, water, motorcycles, boats, and everyday activities, transmitted to a global audience. This paper investigates how Transmissão Fordlândia articulates an ecocritical approach to space through site-oriented practices and sonic-spatial imagination, challenging colonial modern representations of tropical landscapes based on spatial rationalization and the duality of culture–nature. This paper also explores the sonic-spatial effects of live radio transmission as an aesthetic device for imagining place.

A Study of the Spirit of Moving to Northern Shaanxi and Its Value of the Times from Four Dimensions

Mao Zedong and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China resolutely led the army and the people to northern Shaanxi when the KMT broke the peace agreement and threatened Yan'an, creating a soul-stirring legendary history and creating a great spirit of fighting in northern Shaanxi to win the KMT opposition. Victory is bound to be closely related to far-sighted strategy, the United army and people, and noble will. It is a symbol of this spirit and has far-reaching value in the unprecedented changes in the past century, as long as people live, there is hope for everything, and the concern for the people, the sharing of joys and sorrows, the fear of hardships and dangers, the contempt for strong enemies, self-reliance and innovation.

Obraz Turka a „tureckého“ v povestiach regiónu Požitavia

This article deals with analyzing the Turkish-themed legends in the Žitava River region. This region was hit hard and intensively during the Ottoman wars lasting from 1526 to 1683 with certain periods of peace. Therefore, this region is relatively rich in Turkish-themed legends. Due to the fact that this region was (temporarily) incorporated under the Ottoman administration, the local population had specific contacts with the Ottomans. Over time, an image of Ottomans and Ottoman people took shape in the collective memory, which manifested itself in historical legends. Many motifs and images are identical to motifs that are also found in other regions of Slovakia, but there are also anomalies. Legends collected by enthusiasts and local historians (in 1998) were used as sources of analyzed data, supplemented by archival research of the socalled collections of Professor Frank Wollman (carried out mainly in the 1930s) and the author´s field research (in 2015, 2022). As a theoretical tool, an imagological analysis focused on the image of the Ottomans, combined with folkloristic theories about collective memory and metageography, is used. The legends are compared (if possible) with historical facts to see the shift and differences within the historical collective memory and historiography.

Lists of Prophets in Persian Poetry: Application, Classification, and Context

Traditionally, medieval Persian poems have an introduction that praises God and the Prophet. Often the praise is expressed by comparing Muhammad with his predecessors. Usually the conclusion (often implicit) of such a comparison is that Muhammad has surpassed all the other prophets in everything and, unlike them, has no imperfection. It is not uncommon for the description of the mir‘āj to be used as the basis for such a listing. This tradition goes back to a hadith describing Muhammad’s ascension to the divine throne, where he was greeted in turn by all his predecessors. The use of the lists of prophets is closely connected with the theme of the affirmation of monotheism — tawhīd. The literary canon prescribes mentioning this theme in introductions of various kinds, be it the first chapter of a poem, the first ghazal in a divan, or the beginning of a separate qasida. The enumeration of the names of the prophets and the elements of the stories related to them (the miracles they performed, the trials they faced, or the sins they committed) demonstrate the omnipotence of God and the immutability of His will, and point to the path that the believer must take to be united with the Absolute. An analogue and prototype of this technique of Persian poetry are the so-called rows of prophets found in the Qur’an. The function of such rows is to demonstrate the prophetic succession from the first man, Adam, to the “Seal of Prophecy”, Muhammad, by presenting the legendary history of humanity before the advent of Islam.

William Worcestre and the legendary history of Armorica in the fifteenth century

The late fifteenth-century Itineraries of William Worcestre pre- serve a brief account of the legendary history of Brittany. Although the fragment goes back ultimately to Geoffrey of Monmouth’s His- toria regum Britanniae, it differs from that in several respects. The exact match to the narrative is found in another fifteenth-century document, the so-called Canterbury Roll (previously known as the ‘Maude Roll’). The paper shows that this particular variant of the history of the conquest of Armorica was in some circulation in late medieval England, and provides some suggestions regarding the interrelation of the texts containing it.