Historic Dominance Research Articles

Intergenerational Domination

AbstractThe political and ethical status of future generations is commonly discussed within conceptual frameworks like intergenerational justice, rights, or welfare. In this article, I argue that the concept of domination can provide a novel perspective on the philosophy of intergenerational relations. To that end, I first advance and defend a (slightly) revised conception of domination, drawing on Philip Pettit’s neorepublican view. Second, I establish a prima facie case for the existence of intergenerational domination and address four major objections to the claim that the present generation dominates future generations: the non-concurrency challenge, a modified version of the non-identity problem, the inescapability objection, and the problem of historical domination. Finally, I explore some implications and conceptual advantages of the framework of intergenerational domination. As a theoretical foundation of a comprehensive analysis of structures of domination, the proposed framework may contribute to identifying and reducing domination within and across generations.

La pérdida de la riqueza: un mito embera sobre el origen de las razas y la desigualdad social

This article analyzes an Embera myth from northwest Colombia that sheds light on the origin of racial disparities and the poverty experienced by indigenous communities in comparison to “whites.” Methodologically, the myth was collected using ethnographic techniques in the Jaikerazabi community, located in the municipality of Mutatá, Antioquia. The interpretation involves identifying the myth’s structure and analyzing the historical and social context that perpetuates inequalities between the Embera and other groups. According to the myth, the subordinate status of indigenous peoples stemmed from their perceived weakness and the decree of the god Karagabí, who supposedly favored the abilities of whites and mestizos. The article concludes that this myth offers insights into racial hierarchies and socio-spatial, economic, and political dynamics resulting from colonization and the country’s development model. The myth legitimizes the historical domination over the Embera people by presenting modern rationality as canonical, diminishing the value of traditionally inhabited spaces and condemning indigenous people to poverty for not conforming to the Western model. However, it also serves as an attempt to comprehend and potentially transform these inequalities. The originality of the article lies in providing insight into Embera culture through the lens of myth to provide a perspective on how indigenous people perceive the inequality they experience. This approach also recognizes myths as evolving narratives that adapt to historical changes experienced by these societies.

State of Traditional Ecological Knowledge in the wildlife management profession

AbstractTraditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK), described as the relationship between Indigenous peoples and the ecosystem, has always been part of Indigenous communities and their daily lives; however, TEK has progressively been incorporated into the academic and professional field of North American wildlife management and ecology despite its historical domination by Western scientific attitudes, knowledge, and methods. The objective of this note is to provide an overview of such progression from the standpoint of the first author, an Indigenous professional trained in a Western scientific paradigm. More specifically, the paper categorizes the history and the current state of TEK in the wildlife management profession while providing insights for the future of the field.

Abandoning conversion from even-aged to uneven-aged forest stands – the effects on production and economic returns

ABSTRACT There is growing interest in continuous cover forestry in Sweden. The historical domination of even-aged forest management means there is a need to focus on methods for transforming even-aged to uneven-aged stands. Practical conversion management today is highly adaptive, and the possibility of failures, such as persistent lack of tree recruitment, must be allowed for. We used simulations to evaluate various scenarios in which conversion management is introduced at different development stages in even-aged stands and then abandoned in favour of clear-felling. A shift towards an inverse J-shaped diameter distribution at the end of the simulations was most evident in northern Sweden and with an early introduction of conversion forestry. The largest losses were incurred in a scenario where the conversion management started with removing larger trees at pre-commercial thinning: it reduced the volume of production by up to 25% and, if clear-felled, resulted in a lower land expectation value than conventional management. Earlier decision to abandon conversion management reduced the losses, but the effect of timing was minor. In summary, the results indicate that conversion management could be started and abandoned without any major economic loss during the timeframe of a normal rotation.

From the margins to the center: Advancing research on caregiver socialization of emotion in Asia

AbstractAs in other fields of developmental science, emotion socialization research in Asia, where nearly 60% of the world's population lives, has emerged on the margins. Contextualizing this marginalization within colonial foundations of our science, in this article, I discuss the historic dominance of the Global North frameworks of emotion socialization. I also address associated limitations of emotion socialization research in Asia, recent conceptualizations that integrate cultural processes and emerging insights from this research, and the need for a decolonial framework to further advance this literature. A decolonial framework would enable scholars to contextualize emotion socialization within local milieus; use research methods valued by local communities; and interpret emotion‐related beliefs and behaviors in Asia as assets, not deficits. Adopting a decolonial framework can move emotion socialization research in Asia from the margins to the center of emotion socialization literature, generating knowledge to support the well‐being of children in Asia and around the world.

Chinese goods in Africa: new extraversions, orientations, and expressions of African agency

By proposing to approach African-Chinese relations through the lens of Chinese products, this special issue intends to reveal the many ways in which African agency manifests in globalization. Indeed, Africans are the leading actors in the arrival and dissemination of Chinese goods on the continent, challenging the purported omnipotence of Chinese actors. The focus on Chinese products also provides an innovative perspective on the transformation of contemporary African societies. The low price of Chinese-made goods has contributed to new consumption and business opportunities for many Africans. This has accompanied the continent’s entry into mass consumption. Finally, this special issue raises the question of the management of extraversion. The development of new entrepreneurial activities carries with it a subversive potential that calls into question the historical domination of African and foreign cosmopolitan elites on an increasingly multipolar process of extraversion. On a broader level, it questions the hierarchies and power structures of many sectors that have been going through deep restructuring in the wake of the arrival of Chinese goods.

Another implementation science is possible: engaging an ‘intelligent public’ in knowledge translation

ABSTRACT As the world contends with the COVID-19 pandemic, scientific expertise has permeated political discourse and the phrase ‘following the science’ is being used to build trust and justify government decision-making. This phrase reflects a problematic assumption that there is one objective science to follow and that the use of scientific knowledge in decision-making is inherently neutral. In this article, we examine more closely the dense and intricate relationships, values, politics, and interests that determine whose knowledge counts, who gets to speak, who is spoken for, and with what consequences, in the translation of scientific knowledge. Drawing key insights from Stengers’ Manifesto for Slow Science, we argue that implementation science has a central role to play in problematising the historic dominance of certain voices and institutional structures that have come to symbolise trust, rigour, and knowledge. Yet to date, implementation science has tended to overlook these economic, social, historical, and political forces. Fraser’s conception of social justice and Jasanoff’s ‘technologies of humility’ are introduced as useful frameworks to extend the capacity of implementation science to engage the broader public as an ‘intelligent public’ in the translation of knowledge, during and beyond the pandemic.

Магия белого прогрессора: от глобального каргокульта к новой политической нормальности

The value and institutional core, which legitimized the historical rise and global domination of the West, is increasingly becoming the object of criticism. The initial coordinates of the liberal consensus, which promised humanity a constant rise in the living standards and opportunities thanks to the universality of the models of self-regulating markets and liberal democracies, find themselves under a revision. The background global trends, including those that unfolded in the Western societies, demonstrate the opposite — stagnation or shrinking of the resource base of the majority of the population against the background of the radicalization of economic inequali ty, corporate game that includes “shorting” the cost of labor (global uberization), the formation of elite democracies with limited access that ignore the principles of equality and interests of the majority. As a result, values, practices and institutions that were previously viewed as pathological deviations, institutional traps and something archaic (backwardness), consistently transform into a new global normality. Thus, theories that describe the contours of the global future mainly in non-market, and sometimes in illiberal categories, are gai ning momentum. These theories document new formats for the distribution of public resources, which are not based on markets and democracy, but rather on rent mechanisms, redistributive political regulation and differentiated value for the state of different social groups. The authors argue that, from the economic standpoint, the emerging new normality is associated with the unfolding consensus that citizens are entitled to the basic political rent or other forms of differentiated access to resources that can provide them with decent existence in the face of the gro wing inefficiency of market communications. From the political standpoint, the new normality manifests itself in the potential communitarian turn, based on a set of left-wing, nationalist and populist discourses, united by the resentment idea of returning to the state (which distributes resources) a key role in regula ting radical inequalities in the interests of the majority.

“Tax Discrimination District”

Problem, research strategy and findings Recent efforts to promote land value capture as a solution to the fiscal crisis of local governments have gained traction, increasing the use of value capture tools across a variety of contexts. This research provides a case study examining how the politics of transit value capture district designation intersect with racialized patterns of disinvestment. Using the case of Kansas City (MO), I illustrate how the attempts of planners and policymakers to expand transit value capture were met with resistance from both low-income and wealthy neighborhoods. I explore how differentiated response to neighborhood concerns by planners combined with stakeholder frameworks about social equity and perceptions of historical domination to produce results exactly counter to the stated purpose of “not building transit purely for the White people.” The case illustrates the importance of considering racial inequities and historic patterns of marginalization in transit value capture to achieve racial equity and challenge existing patterns of segregation. Takeaway for practice Designating value capture district boundaries is a sociotechnical process that interacts with and potentially reinforces existing patterns of domination and oppression. To ensure that value capture implementation does not reproduce and exacerbate existing inequities, urban planning professionals should centralize issues of race, segregation, and marginality in their efforts to create, capture, and distribute land value. Value capture schemes need to be tailored to the local built environment, sociodemographic history, and the needs of specific communities to be effective at addressing spatial inequities.

TRUMP AND THE FOREIGN POLICY CRISIS IN THE UNITED STATES

Under Donald Trump's administration, American foreign policy's controversial and anti-traditional path has already disrupted decades of U.S strategy, conveying an extreme response from both allies and enemies. This steady decline not only confuses the close allies of the USA in Europe and Asia but also brings new insight to the growing and revival powers that the age of historic global dominance in the United States is over. The decline in US superpower status was, however, accidentally not due to "national below-reach," but through a gradual loss of power and authority including the sacrifice of power. Under Trump's administration, U.S. foreign policy is shifting the U.S. relationship with former friends and harming their potential to achieve the expected results.

What is the “lite” in “alt-lite?” The discourse of white vulnerability and dominance among YouTube’s reactionaries

This article examines the discourse of “alt-lite” YouTube personalities in a North American context, with a focus on how whiteness is understood and represented. It argues that, despite their self-presentation as color-blind conservatives, these figures are firmly embedded within white supremacist ideology. A qualitative approach to content analysis is adopted to excavate the logics underlying these videos and to highlight the rhetorical tools at work. By framing themselves as the vulnerable targets of progressive movements, “alt-lite” personalities have helped to revive and legitimize a discourse of white victimhood. Their videos emphasize the historic dominance of “white culture” while bemoaning the current and future vulnerability of white people in a politically correct, social-justice-oriented world. Ultimately, the article argues that “alt-lite” figures are united by a set of mitigating rhetorical strategies, which are used to temper and obfuscate their reactionary views. These strategies include performatively aligning with one minority group to denigrate another; highlighting personal relationships with non-white people and knowledge of non-white cultures; embracing a color-blind worldview purportedly rooted in the civil rights movement; and maintaining ironic distance when espousing more overtly hateful racial stereotypes. The adoption of these strategies by right-wing micro-celebrities should not deter scholars and civil society groups from acknowledging when those same figures traffic in white supremacist rhetoric.

Educated Not to Speak Our Language: Language Attitudes and Newspeakerness in the Yaeyaman Language

ABSTRACT The emergence of Indigenous language revitalization seeks to address historical domination over Indigenous peoples and to recover the loss of ancestral languages as embedded in Indigenous knowledge systems. This paper draws from long-term linguistic ethnographic research on one of the Indigenous Ryukyuan languages: Yaeyaman. I highlight one variety of Miyara Yaeyaman spoken in the village of Miyara on Ishigaki Island. Along with other Ryukyuan languages, it has been endangered and minoritized due to the suppression/assimilation policies following the dominant monolingual ideology in Japan. The aim of this research is to investigate existing theories of newspeakerness and language attitudes in sociolinguistic situations in Miyara and to attempt to examine prevailing ideologies. By using ethnographic data of Yaeyaman knowledge holders, I show that there is a lack of compatibility in language attitudes and beliefs between new speakers and traditional speakers of Miyaran. Through educational policy completely based on dominant values, Miyara community members are made to believe that our language is not sophisticated. Hence, we are “educated” not to speak our own language. As a conclusion, I present how language education policy in Japan—so far, a major cause of the problem of language endangerment—can become part of a possible solution to language endangerment.

A hit dog will holler: challenging Szetela’s claim of epistemological insiderism

ABSTRACTAdam Szetela defends critiques of the Black Lives Matter movement by claiming epistemological insiderism as an oppressive agent that dissuades democratic exchange and emancipatory scholarship. As an approach to understanding race-based social movements in the United States, Szetela fails to acknowledge the centrality of white logic guiding his analysis. Thus, I challenge Szetela in suggesting that to claim epistemological insiderism as a mechanism by Black scholars “attack” those who disagree is a claim to the historical domination of white supremacy in sociology. As this symposium demonstrates, the usage of epistemological insiderism is an investment in protecting and reifying whiteness in social movement literature, as well as a broader disciplinary trend invested in the retrenchment of critical race and gender scholarship.

O rompimento da Barragem de Fundão em Mariana-MG após 03 anos: considerações sobre um “crime que se renova”

Este artigo aborda o contexto da luta de classes após 03 anos do rompimento/crime da barragem de Fundão em Mariana-MG, ocorrido no dia 05 de novembro de 2015. Tal fato se inscreve na lógica produtivista em contexto de capitalismo dependente. O processo de extração e comercialização do minério de ferro, uma das commodities mais produzidas/extraídas do território brasileiro neste início de século XXI, é conformado pela queda e retomada das taxas de lucro, o que contribui para a perpetuação da dependência e subordinação econômica, política e social deste continente e do Brasil em relação aos países de capitalismo central. Após o rompimento/crime duas posições antagônicas se explicitaram no processo de ressarcimento e reparação dos danos/perdas: a atuação da Fundação Renova, instituição fortemente vinculada às mineradoras que causaram o rompimento/crime, e a perspectiva de luta e reivindicação por parte dos atingidos. Conclui-se que o contexto de luta e resistência é árduo, atravessado por interesses de classes sociais antagônicas que são materializados em trâmites burocrático-institucionais e legal-normativos, o que reafirma a histórica dominação do capital sobre a classe trabalhadora no contexto da mineração extrativista.

Children’s Economic and Social Rights and Child Poverty: The State of Play

This article focuses on both economic and social rights (esr) and child poverty. In doing so, it identifies and considers key developments and gaps in child rights scholarship (crs) in these areas. The authors’ treatment of these issues together is logical (albeit certainly not inevitable) given the strong connection between esr and poverty. Both are areas which have been under-explored in crs: esr have been historically under-theorised and marginalised in child rights research, whereas child poverty is an area that has received extensive academic attention but only a limited amount of this has been from a child rights perspective. The article begins by outlining the state of the existing theoretical child rights literature on esr, before going on to consider the growing body of crs focused on specific esr-thematic areas. The authors make clear the historic dominance of law in terms of child esr scholarship while flagging the increasing esr-focused/framed work emerging from other disciplines, arguing that this is evidence of an ever-wider and more multidisciplinary engagement with esr. Moving on to the topic of child poverty, the authors note that, with some notable exceptions, there has been a failure on the part of child rights scholars to engage with child poverty, a fact that is at least partially attributable to disciplinary disconnects: while crs (and esr scholarship in particular) has come to be dominated by lawyers to a large degree, much academic work on child poverty originates in economics, development studies and social policy. There is, however, some recognition by child poverty scholars (and more so by practitioners) that child poverty is a “child rights” issue, albeit that there is an ongoing failure on the part of child poverty scholarship to really come to terms with the complexities of child rights in terms of the implications of such for the definition and measurement of child poverty. The authors conclude by flagging future avenues for academic engagements with child esr and child poverty, considering both the ways in which existing scholarship may be enriched as well as the potential dangers that new directions may pose in terms of child esr specifically.

Phaeocystis antarctica unusual summer bloom in stratified antarctic coastal waters (Terra Nova Bay, Ross Sea)

This study focuses on the potential explanations for a Phaeocystis antarctica summer bloom occurred in stratified waters of Terra Nova Bay (TNB) - which is part of the Antarctic Special Protected Area (n.161) in the Ross Sea - trough a multi-parameter correlative approach. Many previous studies have highlighted that water column stratification typically favors diatom dominance compared to the colonial haptophyte P. antarctica, in the Ross Sea, and this correlation has often been used to explain the historic dominance of diatoms in TNB.To explore the spatial and temporal progression of P. antarctica bloom in coastal waters, four stations were sampled three times each between December 31, 2009 and January 13, 2010.Taxonomic and pigment composition of phytoplankton communities, macro-nutrient concentrations and various different indices, all indicated the relative dominance of P. antarctica. Cell abundances revealed that P. antarctica contributed 79% of total cell counts in the upper 25 m and 93% in the lower photic zone. Similarly, a strong correlation was observed between Chl-a and the Hex:Fuco pigment ratio, corroborating the microscopic analyses. Recent studies have shown that iron can trigger colonial P. antarctica blooms. Based on the Hex:Chl-c3 proxy for iron limitation in P. antarctica, we hypothesize that anomalously higher iron fluxes were responsible for the unusual bloom of colonial P. antarctica observed in TNB.

Hegemony in Post-Soviet Georgia: Types of Nationalisms and Masculinities

The article concerns the political history of the post-Soviet Georgian state. The new post-Soviet nation-state is being created and gradually transformed into a political economy of liberal democracy and neoliberal capitalism. In this transformation, Georgia moves away from the Soviet Union and its successor Russia and acquires European identity via the discourse and practices of national political and economic elites. The discursive production of this hegemonic pro-Western nationalism is intertwined with the production of hegemonic masculinities. This article analyzes the discourses of these elites and reveals three types of hegemonic masculinity, which acquire their meaning alongside and through the processes of national independence, militarization, and/or neoliberal reforms and policies. These new masculinities aim to replace old, Soviet, hegemonic masculinities in Georgia and thus, a new kind of hegemonic culture and patriarchy is being created. Further, the historical domination of pro-Western nationalism can be interpreted variously: while Georgia is open, nearly from the outset, to the Western-style political system (liberal democracy), one can also look to certain historical moments as the turning points when an active neoliberal transformation and (discursive) attainment of European identity began in Georgia. Keywords: nationalism; masculinities; hegemony; post-Soviet Georgia.

A Critique of Development in India’s Predominantly Adivasi Regions with Special Reference to the Hos of India’s Jharkhand

This article seeks to look at the idea of development interventions (DI) in predominantly Adivasi regions that focus on the extraction of abundant forest and mineral wealth to benefit regions beyond Adivasi territories. While this process deprives Adivasis of their subsistence needs, it invokes resistance and resultant conflicts. Such interventions and consequent conflict need sociological elaboration. Hence, using two case studies, we explicate DI as a self-reproducing system embodying colonialism and racism as process and praxis. This article investigates how development facilitates resource accumulation and socio-economic differentiation of a few and pauperization of the rest. It further tries to find out how these systemic processes have historically found favour with political Brahmanism (PB), the dominant taken-for-granted socio-religious and political ideology (doxa) in India. In contrast to PB, Adivasis’ alternative imaginations based on their sacral polity (SP) are highlighted. Then, we contrast SP with PB and the dominant neoliberal development paradigm. SP has been contrasted with PB and the dominant neoliberal development paradigm. This comparison facilitates the conclusion that the secret of sustainable development rests with Adivasi social formations that adhere to SP-based self-restriction and egalitarian democratic principles. However, historical domination and co-option of Adivasi engender ambivalence of violence which helps to perpetuate ‘development’ as a colonial and racist system among Adivasi in forms of DI.

Political reconciliation at the level of global governance

ABSTRACTThis article applies the idea of political reconciliation to current debates on the role and legitimacy of global governance. My underlying thesis is that the idea of reconciliation fits better with the non-ideal circumstances of global injustice. To this end, I will first of all develop a three-tiered model of political reconciliation and introduce the related concept of restorative justice. I will then look at some of the most obvious forms of international and global injustice – historical injustice, economic exploitation, and political domination – and argue that a normative theory of political reconciliation provides better proposals for feasible global governance reforms than do theories of corrective, retributive, or distributive justice. Finally, I will make a few comments on the role of political philosophy as a medium of ‘narrative reconciliation’.

Just sustainability arts: a vibrant convergence

At a time when violence is worsening across structures of historical domination and influencing the condition of vital ecological systems, imaginative engagement with just sustainabilities offers a different path. This paper represents theory-building inspired by two educational designers' field experiences with justice, sustainability and the arts. Leveraging the method of the transdisciplinary imagination to tackle complex and intransigent problems and informed by a transformative, transgressive lens on social learning, the two authors explore how nine literatures converge to inform just sustainability arts. Socially conscious arts and arts-based educational research open up enlivening educational practices at the nexus of transdisciplinary approaches such as environmental and climate justice, ecofeminism, critical place and land pedagogies, bioculturally responsive curriculum and systems thinking.