Historical Distance Research Articles

САМОЗВАНЕЦ ИЛИ ВСЁ-ТАКИ ПРИНЦ? ПЕРКИН УОРБЕК В ИСТОРИЧЕСКОЙ ПАМЯТИ АНГЛИЧАН

In the XVI–XXI centuries, ideas about Perkin Warbeck made a full circle – from the perplexity of contemporaries, through the unconditional rejection of Tudor century, the first attempts to justify Warbeck of the XVII–XVIII centuries, sentimental novels and poems of the XIX century, scrupulous studies of the turn of the XX–XXI centuries, historians returned to the beginning. Аs well as contemporaries, they distrust the official, Tudor version of events and admit that the real prince, the rightful heir of the Yorks, was sent to the gallows. The image of Warbeck turned out to be so contradictory because the choice between an "impostor" and a "prince" did not always depend on objective, scientific calculations. Often the decision was determined by an assessment of the Tudor rule and of the preceding period of the Wars of the Roses (especially the personality and reign of Richard III). There were also non-scientific factors. To find an extra-political explanation for Warbeck's success, even under the Tudors he was turned into an immensely charming handsome man, a victim of intrigues. Artists, poets and novelists were happy to exploit and develop this emotional component; as the historical distance lengthened, the image of Warbeck became more and more touching and sentimental.

“The Sun Doesn’t Shine Like in ’85”

Abstract The legacy of Yugoslav music re-emerged in Serbia and in the wider post-Yugoslav cultural space during the 2000s, as the historical distance and growing dissatisfaction with capitalism led artists to reach out to the Yugoslav socialist past. This has taken many directions, from the reigniting of fandom of ex-Yugoslav music stars and the creation of tribute bands, to the renewal of interest in songs from World War ii and the composition of new music echoing Yugoslav memories and re-framing Yugoslav popular songs in the broader field of contemporary artistic practices. Most socio-musical formations and cultural scenes that have been fashioned after the break of Yugoslavia either rearticulated and incorporated particular sound legacies strongly associated with Yugoslav socialism or emulated its ‘ethos’ by contrasting the present with ideas and practices of Socialist Yugoslav society. The author will focus on female performers and authors, as well on the smaller socio-musical and artistic contexts related to the feminist movement. By acknowledging, comparing and interpreting the contributions of female and feminist artists / activists in Serbia who use music as a tools for social critique, the article offers an insight into a complex intersection between gender, ideology, and politics of remembrance ‘after Yugoslavia’.

Henry James and the “Laboratory Brain”: The Neuroscience of Cognitive Time-Travel

Abstract: Henry James’s skepticism about the “laboratory brain” is shared by much contemporary neuroscience. Both reject the notion that a brain detached from its embodied engagement with the social world could duplicate the experience of what it is like to be conscious. James’s understanding of how consciousness can cross temporal horizons and support collaborative interactions is consistent with and can be elucidated through scientific theories of embodied cognition. These theories help to explain how works of art and literature can cross historical distance and enable the past to speak to the present and the future.

Humanistic transformation and the ego-oriented social character

This paper explores Erich Fromm’s significant scientific contribution through his development of a theory and method that elucidates the representation of society within the individual through their psychic structure formation, termed the “social character.” Initially, an outline of Fromm’s theory and methodology is presented, highlighting his insights into the formation of various social characters and examining their alienating and pathogenic impacts as “socially patterned defects.” Using the example of the authoritarian character conceived by Fromm, it is relatively easy to understand from a historical distance what the “socially patterned defects” consist of and how a humanistic transformation ought to look. This will be illustrated in a second part. Since the formation of social character is time-related, the third part uses Fromm’s theory and method to analyze the effects of the digital revolution on the formation of social character. The “ego-oriented social character” I have identified distinguishes itself from both the marketing character and narcissistic social character formations. This is reflected last but not least in the “socially patterned defects” of a pronounced ego weakness, which will be discussed in conclusion.

"Hello, girlfriend": an advertising narrative in the context of a visual turn (using the example of Wrigley's and Dirol brands)

The subject of the research is the materials of advertising campaigns of brands-manufacturers of chewing gums Wrigley's (1930) and Dirol (2008). The object of the research is the specificity of the advertising narrative in the context of an appeal to the optical language of communication. The authors examines in detail such aspects of the topic as the narrative structure of the advertising text and visual means of presenting visual images. Special attention is paid to the dynamic context of the visual turn, as well as the main aesthetic characteristics of advertising materials at different historical stages. The subject of this article is considered from the point of view of changing the communicative paradigm, mixing verbal and optical on the screen plane. The main directions related to the new visual reality are noted, thanks to which the importance of aesthetics is determined, the degree of its influence on current media text formats. The research methodology is based on general scientific methods of working with media text, in particular on descriptive and contrastive methods. Also, within the framework of the subject analysis, a range of general philological methods is used, including transformational, contextual and semantic-stylistic methods. The novelty of the research lies in the articulation of the aesthetic components of the analysis of a modern advertising product. The main conclusions of the study are the observation and interpretation of the motive of duality within the advertising narrative, as well as the syncretic nature of the iconic image and the subjective perception of the viewer. The media text appears as a means of releasing the image from the external field and integrating it into the aesthetic experience of the recipient. The authors' special contribution to the research of the topic is the generalization of two key dimensions of the advertising text (narrative, visual) and the formulation of objective criteria that allow us to detect patterns in advertising narratives (repeatability of the plot, variability of visual means, identity of advertising objects, the presence of sufficient historical distance). The possible directions of future research on visual turn in various industries, including television and cinema, are emphasized.

Senior TV – producing information as a way of deepening media literacy and defending against misinformation

Historically, media have always been a lens through which society witnesses and deciphers the countless events that make up the world. Today, disinformation is one of the scourges of society, and the elderly are regarded as being an age group most susceptible to its effects.
 However, it is almost commonplace to consider that, despite the persistence of a historical distance, the older generations are not exempt from the incessant dynamics that the imposition of technological development represents in our society. Gone are the days of "laggards" (Rogers, 1995), a term used to characterize the technological gap that occurred among the elderly. As digital media perform numerous ritualistic and instrumental functions in this age group, they are currently “digital immigrants” (Prensky, 2001).
 In this case, the ability to produce, create, and broadcast content stands out as a characteristic of a society that is increasingly participatory. By underlining the importance that video, television, and television information has traditionally for seniors, the Senior TV project is being developed at the College of Education of Leiria of the Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, in which, through a team of senior students (from the 60+ program of this school), television content of an informative nature is being produced (interviews and reports), and these students are responsible for all the inherent phases and processes (carried out outdoors and in studio) to the creation of these programs from the preproduction moment to the final one when the content is broadcasted. The results of this study allow us to suggest that, through the administration of skills and methodologies for the production of media content, in this case regarding television production, media literacy is increased in this age group. To this extent, it also allows us to consider that more informed television and media consumption about their production conditions could help combat misinformation, particularly in this age group.

The slave trade and the origins of matrilineal kinship.

Matrilineal kinship systems-where descent is traced through mothers only-are present all over the world but are most concentrated in sub-Saharan Africa. We explore the relationship between exposure to Africa's external slave trades, during which millions of people were shipped from the continent during a 400-year period, and the evolution of matrilineal kinship. Scholars have hypothesized that matrilineal kinship, which is well-suited to incorporating new members, maintaining lineage continuity and insulating children from the removal of parents (particularly fathers), was an adaptive response to the slave trades. Motivated by this, we test for a connection between the slave trades and matrilineal kinship by combining historical data on an ethnic group's exposure to the slave trades and the presence of matrilineal kinship following the end of the trades. We find that the slave trades are positively associated with the subsequent presence of matrilineal kinship. The result is robust to a variety of measures of exposure to the slave trades, the inclusion of additional covariates, sensitivity analyses that remove outliers, and an instrumental variables estimator that uses a group's historical distance from the coast as an instrument. We also find evidence of a complementarity between polygyny and matrilineal kinship, which were both social responses to the disruption of the trades. This article is part of the theme issue 'Social norm change: drivers and consequences'.

Adaptation, authorship and the critical conversations of Little Fires Everywhere

ABSTRACT This article argues for an understanding of contemporary women’s television as a twenty-first century iteration of Lauren Berlant’s concept of the ‘intimate public’ of femininity, by analysing how the production, content, and reception of Little Fires Everywhere participate in the high visibility of popular feminism by invoking intersectionality and women’s empowerment. It does this first through the collective and collaborative female authorship of the television adaptation, which is discursively constructed as a critical conversation and an intersectional success; second, through the casting of Washington as a character who in the adapted novel is not Black, heightening the tensions of class, race, and motherhood and making Mia the voice of an intersectional critic of white feminism; and third, through the historical distance of its setting in the 1990s, which is often understood in the reception of the show as uncomfortably wearing its contemporary (i.e. popular feminist) politics.

When the Dust Has Settled: What Was the Archival Turn, and Is It Still Turning? 1

The archive has been one of the most persistent buzz-words in the international artworld since the turn of the twenty-first century. While some claim that it has been used with such abandon that its usefulness is questionable at best, others view it as indicative of an important theoretical framework, necessary to make sense of some of the most important contemporary artworks and artistic practices. Several decades after the proposed “turn” to the archive, it is now possible to examine the phenomenon with the benefit of some historical distance, and ask: what was the archival turn, and is it still turning? The first part of this essay argues that an important explanation for the ubiquity of references to archives in the artworld was that elements of the notion theorized by philosophers, historians, and others lined up with a number of issues already of interest to artists and art writers. Two such intersecting interests are considered: first, the focus on institutional structures and a break with traditional forms of history, and second, a concern with critical research practices. In the essay’s second part, the author takes stock of how the archive has been rearticulated in artistic practices that deal with some of the most pressing concerns of the present moment such as the socio-political climate of post-truth; engagement with microhistories and local knowledges; looming environmental catastrophe; and current conditions of AI assisted online surveillance.

I. A. Puni as an Art Critic (Based on the Texts from 1914–1919)

This study examines the artistic and critical activity of I. A. Puni, a Russian avant-garde master and organiser of futurist exhibitions in the framework of his first creative period, preceding emigration. The opportunity to look from a historical distance at the time of the emergence of Russian avant-garde from the inside makes the study relevant. The researchers focus on valuable information about the time, the worldview of a curator/artist/critic (I. A. Puni being all of them) and the “pain” points of art. The conclusions are based on the multidimensional textual material (critical articles, letters, lecture materials), which helps immerse in the context of artistic life in Petrograd and Vitebsk at the beginning of the century. Using structural and semiotic analysis, the authors draw parallels with I. A. Puni’s painting and curatorial experience. Puni’s focus is on the theoretical aspects of the new art that concerned him as an artist. His texts raise polemical questions about the importance of “material culture”, the role of the artist, futurism, and curatorship. In an era dominated by production art and the principles of utilitarianism, Puni emphasises the value of the artist’s individuality, their understanding of aesthetic tasks, and the intellectual content of the visual narrative. For Puni, the beauty of art lies in its uselessness for life: it is utilitarian production that influences art, not the other way around. Through coloured materiality, peculiarities of composition and form, the artist emphasises the essence and the inner construction of the depicted object. The study notes the special stylistics of Puni’s texts, based on the neutrality of tone, reasoned judgments, which was not typical of theorists in the era of “poster language”. The artist’s curatorial activity, manifested by the landmark exhibitions “Tram B” and “0.10”, gives an example of a “critic in action”. The materials analysed show the complexity of the choice of objects capable of driving the narrative and the importance of one’s own position in the aspect of the rivalry between K. S. Malevich and V. E. Tatlin.

Historical Distance and the Mississippi Civil Rights Movement: Opening Windows into Mississippi's Civil Rights History

Historical Distance and the Mississippi Civil Rights Movement: Opening Windows into Mississippi's Civil Rights History

УКРАЇНСЬКЕ ШКІЛЬНИЦТВО В ОКУПАЦІЇ: ВІД ДРУГОЇ СВІТОВОЇ ДО РОСІЙСЬКО-УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ВІЙНИ

The article presents the results of a study of the problem of organizing education in schools in the occupied territories of Ukraine during the Second World War and during the current Russian occupation. Attention is focused on the common and distinctive features of the two occupation regimes in the context of the organization of educational activities, as well as on the characteristics of the content and forms, goals and means of education used by the occupation regimes in the occupied territories. The author analyzes the educational policy pursued by the German occupation administration, internal contradictions and contradictory approaches of the fascist leadership to the functioning of Ukrainian schooling. The author emphasizes the unanimity of the Russian occupation authorities in the field of educational policy in the occupied territories. It is claimed that, despite the considerable historical distance, the two occupation regimes have many similarities in their approaches to the organization of educational activities in the occupied territories of Ukraine. It is emphasized that the enemy realize the crucial role of education in shaping the consciousness of future generations. The occupiers give a prominent place in the process of educating citizens loyal to the new government or loyal to it to teachers and pedagogical workers of all levels of education. At best, the occupiers suspend teachers who are disloyal to the new government, and more often arrest and convict them. It is noted that, just like eighty years ago, the willingness of teachers to cooperate with the occupiers is not widespread, but it is not isolated. In addition, during the occupation, there is a rapid replacement of textbooks with ideologically "correct" ones. However, significant differences in the educational policies of the German and Russian occupiers are also emphasized: the Germans primarily opposed Soviet ideology, while the Russians openly oppose Ukrainian culture, language, and Ukrainians in general, which leads to genocide and linguocide. The historical context of the occupation is also important, because the events that took place in the first half of the twentieth century are practically repeated almost a hundred years later, when liberalism and democracy prevail in Europe.

Writing Across Time in the Twelfth Century: Historical Distance and Difference in the Kaiserchronik

Writing Across Time in the Twelfth Century: Historical Distance and Difference in the Kaiserchronik

Financial accessibility and crime – Empirical study based on panel data from Chinese cities

PurposeThis paper empirically investigates the relationship between financial availability and crime by measuring it across five dimensions: banking, securities, insurance, private lending and digital inclusive finance.Design/methodology/approachThe study utilizes 2011–2017 data from prefecture-level cities as a representative sample. Moreover, these findings remain robust after addressing endogeneity through the use of the historical distance between cities and the railroad network as an instrumental variable.FindingsThe findings demonstrate a significant negative relationship between financial accessibility and crime rates. Heterogeneity exists in the inhibitory effect of different types of financial accessibility on crime, with banking finance exhibiting a stronger inhibitory effect compared to private lending. Areas affected by natural disasters and infectious diseases exhibit a stronger inhibitory effect of financial accessibility on crime rates, particularly in areas with severe shocks of natural disasters and epidemics. This effect is attributed to the low financing threshold and easy access to private lending, which plays a more effective role than bank finance when people face extreme risks.Practical implicationsThere should be stricter regulations imposed on private lending markets and the introduction of more rational legislation aimed at guiding a healthy development within these markets; such measures serve as effective and complementary means for individuals from all walks of life to access credit financing.Social implicationsThe regulation of financial resources by the government should always prioritize ensuring the accessibility of financial policies to cater to the needs of the majority population.Originality/valueThis study is for the first time in an emerging economy context, the causal relationship between financial accessibility and crime. To provide a more comprehensive measure of financial accessibility in a region, this paper proposes a five-dimensional methodology.

Redistancing Romanticism: Kent Monkman, Indigenous Perspectives, and the Art of History

Abstract: Over the last decade, Cree visual and performance artist Kent Monkman has undertaken an innovative and searching exploration of Romantic painting. Yet, the centrality of Romanticism in his oeuvre has hitherto been misunderstood. Drawing on the resources of Romantic historiography, he modulates historical distance—sympathetic proximity and cerebral distanciation—not only to "redistance" history to meet contemporary needs, but to complicate the movements of identification and alienation. Monkman's work may be ironic, but his is a strangely compassionate irony in which the relationship between European and non-Indigenous peoples is framed with a delicate hope for sincere reconciliation.

The Neuroscience of Literary Time Travel: How Literary Works Cross Historical Distance

ABSTRACT: How do literary works speak across historical distance? When critics attempt to answer this question, they typically invoke biological metaphors that testify to the inability of formal or historical categories alone to explain the mystery of how literary works reach across the boundary between life and death. This essay investigates the embodied cognitive processes that enable literary time travel by undertaking a neurophenomenological analysis of the relation between aesthetic experiences and their neural correlates. A neurophenomenological approach can clarify what eludes formalist and historicist accounts by correlating the intersubjective interactions that constitute aesthetic experience and the transpersonal biocultural processes underlying them. This essay explains how phenomenological theories of reading and aesthetic experience relate to neuroscientific research in four areas: embodied simulation; action understanding; brain-to-brain coupling; and the anti-entropic organization of "free energy" in predictive processing. Correlations between phenomenological theories of consciousness and neuroscientific findings about cognition show how the experience of interacting with past lives as we read is supported by embodied neurobiological processes that are ubiquitous in our everyday cognitive lives and that aesthetic experiences activate and exploit.

Multi-perspectivity and the risk of perpetration minimisation in Dutch Holocaust and slavery education

ABSTRACT The Dutch perpetrated in both the Holocaust and chattel slavery. However, Dutch cultural memory does not significantly recognize Dutch perpetration in these sensitive histories. This article explores the interplay between cultural memory and history education as a potential explanation for this oversight, by specifically focusing on the implementation of multi-perspectivity. In Dutch history education, multi-perspectivity is valued, yet scholars have warned that it could contribute to minimization of perpetration. The deliberate choice of a qualitative research approach, as opposed to the more common textbook analysis, served to centre history teachers’ perspectives and allowed for a comprehensive analysis of their descriptions of multi-perspectivity in Holocaust and slavery education. This exploration further substantiated the concern regarding the risk of perpetration minimization. It reveals that history teachers predominantly approach multi-perspectivity in Holocaust and slavery education through teaching respectively historical empathy and positionality. Stimulating historical empathy and emphasizing positionality with pupils affect the presentation of historical distance and perpetration. Through these approaches teachers risk providing pupils with the understanding that everyone, including perpetrators, can be seen as victims of their historical circumstances, making it challenging to assign moral responsibility. To address this risk of perpetration minimization, this article explores underlying causes and offers recommendations.

«The Nordic Countries Nightingale»: about Henrietta Nissen-Saloman’s Vocal School

The relevance of the topic is due to the introduction into scientific circulation in the last decade of new research materials related to the creative personality of Henrietta Nissen-Saloman. Her «School of Singing», first published in 1880, has been republished. The famous Swedish singer, professor of the St. Petersburg Conservatory, G. Nissen-Saloman has trained about thirty outstanding performers, vocal teachers for nineteen years of her life in Russia.The purpose of this publication is to reveal the significance of the artistic and pedagogical activities of Nissen-Saloman for the formation and development of the national vocal school. The authors' tasks include presenting the main stages of her creative path, opera and concert repertoire, and characteristics of her work at the conservatory during the Russian period of her life.The principles on which the vocal-pedagogical system of G. Nissen-Saloman was based – consistency, gradu-alness and expediency in acquiring technical skills, the formation of musical-theoretical knowledge and a sense of style among pupils – were inherited by her students. Among them are N. A. Iretskaya, E. A. Lavrovskaya, V. M. Zarudnaya, who made a significant contribution to the continuation of the Nissen-Saloman’s traditions in the St. Petersburg and Moscow conservatories, on concert and opera stages.The historical distance, which allows us to objectively consider the leading provisions of the Nissen-Saloman methodology in the context of the experience of foreign masters (primarily M. Garcia), the pedagogical approaches of M. I. Glinka, A. E. Varlamov and other creators of the Russian national singing school, gives grounds for a high as-sessment of the effectiveness of her system. Without a doubt, G. Nissen-Saloman is one of the cohort of the found-ers of the Russian vocal school and occupies an honorable place in it, and her «Singing School», created during the formation and heyday of the national vocal art, is of great practical importance for the training of modern young singers.

Spoiled History: Leprosy and the Lessons of Queer Medieval Historiography

Abstract White supremacists fetishize the crusading knight; queer theorists claim an identification with the generative secret of the premodern sodomite. This essay attends to the epistemological circuits of transhistorical identification, examining the claims of recursive history and the theories of attachment betrayed by identification with the medieval past. Turning away from the solicitations of the crusader and the sodomite, the essay excavates histories of emotional attachment to the leper, a medieval figure whose status as abject incarnation of historical distance helps reconfigure transhistoric emotional identification. In medieval texts, the leper's ruined face scripts styles of recognition. In the medical writings of nineteenth-century imperial physicians, the medieval leper is used in negotiating fears of disease outbreaks in various colonies. The leper therefore comes to assume the status of reassuring historical distance as a result of imperial ideological needs. Attention to the circuits of desire that animate claims to the past on the basis of identification and personal attachment can account for the attraction the Middle Ages exerts on both medievalists and white supremacists.

Schwierige Texte in Kritik und Vermittlung

Schwierige Texte in Kritik und Vermittlung