Historical Case Analysis Research Articles

Systemic Risks in the Derivatives Market: Origins, Impacts, and Mitigation Strategies

Derivative markets play an indispensable role in the contemporary financial system. The global financial markets have been repeatedly riddled with turbulence instigated by derivative trading in recent years, underscoring the urgency and necessity for in-depth study in this field. The subject matter of this paper is to delve into systemic risk in the derivative markets, including its genesis, impact, and mitigation strategies. This paper aims to proffer valuable insights and recommendations to policymakers and financial practitioners through comprehensive analysis. To achieve this objective, this study utilizes research methodologies such as literature review, analysis of historical cases, and empirical analysis. The findings suggest that the systemic risk in the derivative markets primarily stems from high leverage operations, market information asymmetry, and complex financial product structures. These risks became particularly prominent during the financial crisis, leading to an upsurge in market volatility, liquidity crises, and a domino collapse of financial institutions. Based on these findings, the paper proposes a gamut of strategies to mitigate systemic risk, including enhancing market transparency, optimizing risk models, augmenting capital requirements, and fostering international regulatory cooperation. Additionally, technological innovations such as blockchain and big data analysis are considered to hold significant potential in enhancing market transparency and improving the accuracy of risk prediction.

Employment of uncrewed systems in attacks on critical infrastructure: a hybrid threat perspective. Security challenges related to recent developments in technology.

Background The uncrewed systems, known colloquially as drones are nowadays widely used in various roles, including strictly civilian, law enforcement and military. The pace of technological development is high, following modern technologies, like artificial intelligence. Due to the growing threat to critical infrastructure that includes physical attacks, a fundamental question arises: how the development of uncrewed systems transforms the threat to critical infrastructure. Methods Historical analysis of historical cases of uncrewed system development and employment was used to describe evolution of said systems. For assessment of possible threat to critical infrastructure, a scenario – based analysis was conducted. Seven scenarios, divided into three groups were described as typical contemporary scenarios of uncrewed system use. For assessment of influence of new and emerging technologies especially artificial intelligence, three further scenarios were analyzed. Results and Conclusions Scenario – based analysis show that the uncrewed systems has shown that evolution of uncrewed system, especially use of artificial intelligence increases potential threats to critical infrastructure, due to growing capabilities. Therefore, it is recommended that future research work on countering such type of threat is required.

Analysis of historical cases of liquefaction (sand boils) case study: Kelapa Gading Residence, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi Province

The Palu earthquake on September 28th, 2018, caused liquefaction in several locations in Central Sulawesi. According to The National Disaster Management Authority of Indonesia data, five prominent areas with massive impacts experienced liquefaction in flow liquefaction: Balaroa, Petobo, Jono Oge, Lolu, and Sibalaya. Meanwhile, the locations that experienced liquefaction in the form of sand boils needed to be recorded optimally. This research aims to see the parameters of soil layer behavior in areas that experience liquefaction in the form of sand boils. The study was conducted in Kelapa Gading housing, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi. Based on the initial survey, this location experienced sand boils in several areas. The research used the CPT-based liquefaction triggering procedure method and soil behavior index method. The result showed that the liquefaction potential was found at a depth of 2.5-3.3 meters for PGA 0.34 and -2.5-(-3.5) for PGA 0.68. When receiving cyclic load, the soil layer with an Ic value > 2.60 with a thickness of 1.6 m at the upper layer can withstand liquefaction with a thickness of 0.8 meters in the form of quicksand on the surface and only causes sand boils. Sand boils would not happen in the Kelapa Gading area if the excess pore water were redirected to discharge wells.

New developments and trends in extended continental shelf delineation practices—An analysis of China's participation and response strategies

Rights and interests concerning the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles (extended continental shelf, ECS) are related to important aspects of a nation's marine utilization such as marine resource development, marine technological innovation, and the construction of marine ecological civilization. China is a country with a long coastline and has the right to delineate large areas of ECS according to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). However, the process of confirming China's ECS rights under international law is particularly complicated owing to the complex maritime delineation disputes between China and its neighboring countries. From the perspective of international law, this study uses the method of historical analysis and case analysis to retrospectively explore the evolution of the international legal frameworks governing ECS and analyze its current characteristics and trends in practice. On this basis, the paper evaluates the major challenges of China's national practice in ECS delineation and puts forward suggested countermeasures for safeguarding its legitimate rights and interests related to ECS.

The interdisciplinary potential for Science Education in multiple domains of a historical science case analysis

Resumo: Neste estudo propomos a abordagem dos múltiplos domínios do conhecimento para análise, compreensão, caracterização e planejamento de práticas interdisciplinares no Ensino de Ciências, utilizando o episódio histórico da fabricação de soda na Europa dos séculos XVIII e XIX como exemplo e objeto de análise. Defendemos que episódios históricos das ciências têm potencial interdisciplinar no ensino e aprendizagem de ciências, requerendo uma compreensão de seus domínios econômico, ambiental, social e científico. A pesquisa é baseada em fontes históricas secundárias seguida de análise pelos múltiplos domínios e, a partir dela, destacamos a importância de explorar não apenas o domínio científico, mas também os aspectos econômicos, sociais e ambientais. Na escola, acreditamos que essa abordagem deve envolver diferentes disciplinas. Recomendamos a aplicação dessa abordagem teórico-analítica para o planejamento e avaliação de temáticas interdisciplinares, emergentes de episódios históricos ou temáticas contemporâneas.

Accident case data-accident causation model driven safety training method: Targeted safety training empowered by historical accident data in coal industry

The content and methods of traditional safety training can no longer meet the needs of the industry or accident-targeted safety training. To solve this problem, this study proposes an accidental case data accident causing model-driven safety training method (ACDACM method) based on an analysis of the content and methods of China's safety training. This method is theoretically driven by the accident causation model and data-driven by the accident case information. Through data analysis of historical accident cases, basic information and comprehensive reasons for accidents can be obtained. Using data mining algorithms, the causes and combinations of high-frequency and high-risk accidents can be mined, supported by accident data, and a path map of the accident causes can then be obtained. The developed safety training project is more targeted by comparing accident causes with industry standards and regulations. This study considers coal and gas outburst accidents as an example and uses 24Model to analyze 84 coal and gas outburst accidents in China. The targeted safety training plan had eight parts of training content, and supporting PPTs, handbooks, and videos were produced. The application shows that this method can provide targeted safety training designs for industries or accidents and has industry universality. Finally, the advantages and development of the ACDACM method are elaborated and the future of safety training is discussed. This study provides theoretical and methodological support for targeted safety-training programs.

Gender Inequality in the Digital Field and Potential Remedial Measures

This paper examines the phenomenon of gender inequality in digital spaces and explores potential remedial measures. Through an analysis of historical cases of online discrimination, gendered experiences on the internet, and current landscape of discriminatory behavior, it is clear that women are frequently exposed to cyber bullying and other forms of abuse. Strategies for promoting gender equity in digital spaces include self-regulation, education and awareness, state legislation, and industry practices. Surveillance capitalisms impact on gender equity is also discussed, as data collected through this practice can be used to profile individuals based on their gender identity or sexuality. The paper concludes by stating that research into the efficacy of self-regulation, education and awareness approaches as well as state legislation in shielding women from online discrimination is necessary. Additionally, industry practices targeting those who battle discrimination should be further investigated. By utilizing such methods, one can move towards an equitable digital space where all individuals are respected regardless of gender identity or sexual orientation.

Exploring the Intersection of Tribal Identity and Indian Politics: A Comprehensive Analysis of Tribal Communities' Participation, Representation, and Influence in the Indian Political Landscape

The participation, representation, and influence of tribal communities within the Indian political landscape are the main points of this research paper's investigation of the complex relationship between tribal identity and Indian politics. Tribal communities make up a sizeable portion of India's diversified population with their unique cultural, social, and historical roots. This essay tries to give a thorough analysis of how tribal identity influences political engagement, including the difficulties they encounter, the degree of representation they achieve, and the influence of their involvement on policy-making. Furthermore, the research delves into the influence of tribal communities on policy-making, governance, and broader political narratives. It explores instances where tribal interests have converged with or diverged from national political agendas and the resultant impact on policy outcomes. Through an analysis of historical cases, contemporary case studies, and the narratives of tribal leaders, the study assesses the strategies employed by tribal communities to assert their demands and aspirations.

Developing Student-Inclusive Characters Through Al-Quran and Ḥadīth

Education is a fundamentally important social activity, and its major objective is to improve the social environment. Therefore, education that focuses on establishing an inclusive and open attitude, particularly in matters of religion, is essential, particularly in the lives of people who live in a society with a varied range of beliefs and practices. Hence, the primary objective of this research is to analyze how developing student-inclusive characters through learning Quran and ḥadīth. The research employed a full qualitative method and data documentation through the semi-structured interview method by using Bahasa Indonesia, which was then analyzed descriptively. The interview took place at MAN 1 Yogyakarta and it involved various participants. Based on the findings of the research, it is possible to develop student-inclusive characters through the study of Quranic verses and ḥadīth texts by employing three practices; the historical approach, values examination, and case analysis. Thus, students will confidently be able to form groups of individuals who live in harmony, and it may provide a means of resolving various problems and hatred.

From the Margins to the Core of Haute Couture: The Entrepreneurial Journey of Coco Chanel

We trace the history of Gabrielle “Coco” Chanel’s entrepreneurial journey as a fashion designer from her early years as an outsider (early 1900s) to her rise to success and consecration as an icon within the French haute couture field (early 1930s)—a field controlled by powerful insiders. Our study sheds light on the social forces and historical circumstances underlying an outsider’s journey from the margins of an established field to its core. Drawing on unique historical material, we develop a novel process view that highlights the shifting influence of forces operating at different levels in the accumulation, deployment, and conversion of various forms of capital (i.e., human, social, economic, and symbolic) that outsiders need to promote their ideas. In particular, our multilevel perspective accounts simultaneously for the individual’s efforts to push forward these ideas (micro-level), as well as the audience dynamics (meso-level) and exogenous forces (macro-level) that shape their recognition. Chanel’s historical case analysis also affords a window into one of the first female entrepreneurs with global impact in business history, with the added challenge of establishing herself in what at the time was a male-dominated and mature field.

The historical case of discussion on sanitary anti-epidemic activities during period of revolutionary events of 1917 in Irkutsk

The article presents analysis of historical case of discussion about organization of anti-epidemic measures needed because of one-time arrival of large number of wounded and killed in consequence of counter-revolutionary mutiny in Irkutsk during defense of the White House country-house in December 1917. The problem of burial of fallen soldiers and Red Army men was determined during extraordinary session of the City Duma of Irkutsk with further publication of open letter to the Irkutsk Presidium of the Soviets. The well-reasoned positions expressed by physicians and engineers against burial of the killed in common grave on the banks of the Angara River received no support from the revolutionary government. The chronology of the decision taking had political character.

Historical case analysis and review of the literature about sharp force injuries of the neck: homicidal or suicidal throat-cutting?

article: Historical case analysis and review of the literature about sharp force injuries of the neck: homicidal or suicidal throat-cutting? - Minerva Forensic Medicine 2021 March;141(1):13-8 - Minerva Medica - Journals

Demokrasiye Geçiş ve Ordu: İspanya ve Türkiye Karşılaştırması

Democratic transitions may have unintended consequences. Modes of transition exert significant influence on post-transition outcomes. Here, I focus on two most similar cases; Spain and Turkey, included in the ‘Third Wave of Democratization’. After an evaluation of critical junctures by using Croissant, Kuhn, Chambers and Wolf (2010)’s framework, I argue that civil-military relations during transitions are key to explain post-transitional outcomes. The extent to which military power was influential in transitional decision making creates a long-lasting impact for the political regimes. Hereby, I recall the importance of a comparative analysis of historical cases to develop an understanding of emerging democracies in an era of democratic decline.

Externalization of the European Union Migration Regime: The Case of Turkey

ABSTRACT Migration management has become a top policy concern for the European Union (EU) and a significant implication of this has been to externalize the control and containment practices of migration. As a neighboring country maintaining accession negotiations to become an EU member, Turkey represents a primary area where this externalization occurs. Using a historical case analysis, this article explores how the EU influences Turkey’s migration regime through securitized policies and practices of externalization. It argues that the EU further securitizes Turkey’s already securitarian migration regime by employing the principle of conditionality. Upon providing a brief discussion on securitization of migration and the EU’s securitized externalization practices, the study examines Turkey’s immigration and asylum policies while underlining that the EU has been accelerating the country's already securitarian migration framework through stricter visa regime protocols, increased border security measures, and certain bilateral arrangements including the Readmission Agreement and the Joint Action Plan. It also outlines challenges and recommendations with a conclusion that security-oriented externalized practices diminish the immigrant rights and reinforce uneven socio-economic and political structures. It suggests the need to enforce broader humanitarian perspectives for migration practices. For these analyses, the study utilizes secondary data consisting of previous empirical studies, institutional documents, reports, news articles, and official statements.

Rethinking the toponymic politics in Belarus in the 20–21 centuries: toward the post-colonial perspective

The article explores the historical trends and patterns in the politics of space in toponymic landscapes of Soviet and postSoviet Belarus through the prism of critical toponymy and the post-colonial theoretical approach. This work aims to reveal the colonial essence of the toponymic politics and policies in Belarus during the Soviet era and explore the unique national (post) colonial context of the post-independent place names. Based on the idea of methodological convergence of post-colonial and post-socialist paradigms, this article analyzes the “top-down” hegemonic toponymic practices implemented by the Soviet regime in Belarus in comparison with the place name policies of the colonial regimes in other parts of the world. Using the comparative analysis of historical (re)naming cases from the regional toponymic system of Belarus, the work shows that the Soviet regime used similar goals, methods, and technologies as other colonial powers. Such examples include ignoring the national language, history, and cultural traditions reflected in place names, inadequate renaming criteria and arrogant methods of choosing the new names, banalization of toponymic landscape and inconsistency in renaming, removing the Belarusian vocabulary from the toponymic landscape and inserting the foreign words and terms into the toponymic system, phonetic and grammatical mutilations of national toponyms according to the norms of the foreign language, symbolic resistance of local population toward new place names. The post-independent period can be defined by the selective post-colonial toponymic practices, which include the co-existence of the Soviet and national toponyms, symbolic (re)naming processes typical for new independent post-colonial states, and the resurrection of the ideologically motivated “toponyms-zombies” from the previous period. Therefore, the modern toponymic landscapes in Belarus can be considered post-colonial, and methodological and theoretical post-colonial perspectives on toponymic research can be applied to post-socialist states.

The Constitutional Development of the Nineteenth Amendment in the Decade Following Ratification

This essay is based on my remarks at the Center for Constitutional Law’s symposium on the Centennial of the Nineteenth Amendment. It offers a brief summary of the thesis of my forthcoming book from Oxford University Press. In Constitutional Orphan: Gender Equality and the Nineteenth Amendment (forthcoming 2020), I argue that the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 represented a significant moment in American history, one which held the promise of change in the political, civil and social status of women in our republic. However, what emerged from a decade of contestation was a thin conception of the Nineteenth’s constitutional meaning, as a mere nondiscrimination in voting rule. The story of the Nineteenth presents a puzzle as to why this thin conception of the amendment prevailed over a thicker conception of the amendment, as a broader norm around women’s equal citizenship and gender equality. Drawing on original historical sources, legal scholarship and case analysis, the book illuminates a piece of that puzzle. The book offers an account of how that thin conception emerged and the role played by national suffrage organizations, as institutional actors, in that story. While Congress and the courts are significant sites of constitutional interpretation and enforcement, social movements within civil society play influential roles as well. Through their efforts to enfranchise American women, suffragists assumed that role. Yet, the suffragists made strategic choices post-ratification that took them away from the Nineteenth as a focus of energy and resources. That pivot meant that there was less consistent, unified pressure on state courts as they parsed the corollary constitutional questions around the extent of the Nineteenth’s impact on state law regulating poll taxes, jury service and holding public office. A close reading of the history around these cases illustrates how the Nineteenth implicated issues of federalism, the scope of woman’s citizenship and the constitutional meaning of equality, in ways shaped by race, gender and class. There was a similar absence of unified pressure on Congress to enact enforcement legislation pursuant to section two of the Nineteenth, as well as a deep split in the former suffrage movement over the proposed Equal Rights Amendment. Exploring this history helps us understand the puzzle of why the Nineteenth did not develop a thicker, more robust constitutional meaning in the decade following its ratification. Given the current uncertainty about the status of the proposed Equal Rights Amendment, revisiting the jurisprudential potential of the Nineteenth Amendment can shed light on how we may better secure women’s constitutional equality today.

Genomic Analysis of Historical Cases with Positive Newborn Screens for Short-Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency Shows That a Validated Second-Tier Biochemical Test Can Replace Future Sequencing.

Short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (SCADD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of β-oxidation caused by pathogenic variants in the ACADS gene. Analyte testing for SCADD in blood and urine, including newborn screening (NBS) using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) on dried blood spots (DBSs), is complicated by the presence of two relatively common ACADS variants (c.625G>A and c.511C>T). Individuals homozygous for these variants or compound heterozygous do not have clinical disease but do have reduced short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (SCAD) activity, resulting in elevated blood and urine metabolites. As part of a larger study of the potential role of exome sequencing in NBS in California, we reviewed ACADS sequence and MS/MS data from DBSs from a cohort of 74 patients identified to have SCADD. Of this cohort, approximately 60% had one or more of the common variants and did not have the two rare variants, and thus would need no further testing. Retrospective analysis of ethylmalonic acid, glutaric acid, 2-hydroxyglutaric acid, 3-hydroxyglutaric acid, and methylsuccinic acid demonstrated that second-tier testing applied before the release of the newborn screening result could reduce referrals by over 50% and improve the positive predictive value for SCADD to above 75%.

Accountability implications of the OECD’s economistic approach to education: A historical case analysis

Using Australia as a case, it is the purpose of this article to historically investigate the implications of the OECD’s economistic approach to education in terms of accountability in order to add more clarity and body to the concept of intelligent accountability proposed by the British philosopher Onora O’Neill. Such a historical prism offers the opportunity to illuminate past experiences and debates which can then be used as vehicles for gaining insights into the pitfalls and opportunities in terms of accountability in education. The empirical documents under investigation stems from the OECD archive in Paris as well as the national archives of Australia. The material has been selected from a database of OECD archival documents consisting of some 1908 documents on various programmes and activities in education in the period 1961 to 2015. The search criteria in the database has been that ‘accountability’ and ‘Australia’ should occur in the document which has generated some 165 documents. The article argues that a clear distinction can be drawn between accountability to the local stakeholders with the purpose of creating transparency and best practices in terms of running a school in a community versus accountability for external purposes like measuring the performance level of a nation’s labour force, ranking schools, school districts and/or nations against each other. In this light, the article identifies a need for a ‘co-creation’ approach to the development of accountability practices which can serve to establish a fair balance between input and output focus.

Research on the emergency management pattern and adjustment system for urban waterlogging

Urban waterlogging events have become more frequent in big cities, causing a considerable economic loss and casualties. Waterlogging disasters exert increasingly severe influences on cities, which has become a research hotspot under changing environment. In view of that problem of insufficient information in the waterlogging emergency management, it is necessary to build emergency management pattern to adapt to the changing environment of urban waterlogging and design support emergency management pattern implementation of adjustment system. Through the process of "pre-event, in-event and after-event", a set of emergency pattern is designed to face the urban waterlogging event, which ensures that the management personnel could grasp the state of the occurrence of the event at each stage of the event and take countermeasures for the occurrence of the event quickly. The digitalization and visualization of urban waterlogging emergency management can be realized by using customized components, drawing knowledge map and designing adjustment system. According to the urban waterlogging emergency management pattern, the Beijing emergency plan component and the component based on similar historical case analysis are customized, and the functions of the components are realized through the integrated adjustment system. The application shows that emergency management adjustment system of urban waterlogging can realize the quick use of information, offer users customized waterlogging emergency management services, and provide the management with the support of effective emergency management decision. The results can provide conceptual and technical support for urban emergency management. It can also improve the timeliness of urban response and the level of urban flood control.

Партійні бойові групи в Россії.

The aim of the article is to verify the hypothesis about the significant influence of party militias on the formation of the Russian political scene, while assuming that the greater their participation, the more the ruling class in Russia is organized as a totalitarian party-state apparatus.The newest world’s scientifical literature on party militias is largely focused on the analysis of historical cases (including the history of tsarist Russia at the beginning of the 20th century) and modern examples concerning mainly African and South-American countries. There is a lack of theoretical approaches concerning the role of party militias in the totalitarian party-state apparatus and hard military authoritarianism. The paper about Russian party militias is supposed to fill the gap regarding not only party militias in contemporary Putin’s Russia, but also their place in creating or stabilizing non-democratic political regimes.The authors analyzed the activity and character of the most important party militias currently operating in Russia. It was also examined what institutions of the state apparatus control individual militias. The following militias were analyzed: SERB (Russian liberation movement) – South-East radical block, NOD (National liberation movement), Anti-Maidan, Sorok sorokov (equivalent to a “large number”), Russia Officers (All-Russian civic organisation «Russia Officers») and Neo-Kazachestvo (New-Cossacks).A careful analysis of the most important organizations fighting with opposition activities and intimidating oppositionists proves that this hypothesis should be in great part falsified. Diverse organizations that also function as party militias are few, not subordinated to one institution and, in addition, their effectiveness is not too high.