Historical Appraisal Research Articles

Ethno-religious factors in Buhari’s administration: a historical appraisal and suggestions for national integration

Ethno-religious factors in Buhari’s administration: a historical appraisal and suggestions for national integration

Periareolar Mastopexy: A Historical Appraisal of Technique and Further Technical Refinements Toward Reliable, Lasting, and Reproducible Results

Introduction: Since its first description in 1976, periareolar mastopexy has attained a negative perception due to perceived high rates of unsatisfactory outcomes. The 2 main reported problems are (1) periareolar scar widening and (2) poor breast shaping. It is the author’s experience that with appropriate refinements in surgical technique based on sound anatomical and surgical underpinnings, good breast shaping and areolar aesthetics can be reliably achieved. This article describes innovations in the technique to improve outcomes, followed by a description of our own technique and refinements over the senior author’s 40-year journey. Materials and methods: A literature review of technical refinements in periareolar mastopexy surgical technique was undertaken. Suggested refinements from various authors were then placed in the context of the senior author’s own clinical experience and evolution of technique over 40 years. Representative case studies from the author’s personal series are then presented to illustrate technical pearls and results. Results: Four illustrative cases are discussed, along with a comprehensive description of the senior author’s technique and underlying principles. Discussion: Early techniques of periareolar mastopexy were plagued by poor breast shaping and areolar distortion. Progressive refinements in technique over the last 50 years have steadily improved surgical outcomes. Conclusion: By combining various published refinements into a single operation, it is now possible to reliably achieve good aesthetic outcomes and avoid previous problems, as shown by the author’s own case series.

A historical appraisal of positive change among youths for sustainable development in the Benue valley: A study of Benue state, Nigeria, 1976-2023

A historical appraisal of positive change among youths for sustainable development in the Benue valley: A study of Benue state, Nigeria, 1976-2023

“How public is public health?”: A historical appraisal of public health services in colonial Enugu-Nigeria, 1917–1960

“How public is public health?”: A historical appraisal of public health services in colonial Enugu-Nigeria, 1917–1960

The contentious Ghanaian: An historical appraisal of social movements in Ghana

AbstractIdeas of freedom, liberty, and social justice are germane to most societies, including African societies. The quest for these values also often involves contentions, dialog, and compromise. Sadly, the often‐told stories of political and social change in Africa are brush‐stroked with bloodshed, tears, and anguish. This Africa of pessimism, unfulfilled dreams, state‐sponsored violence, and civil wars is a familiar headline in the global North. This work, however, proposes that African countries such as Ghana have been resolving their disagreements and contentions through other means. These range from subtle, subversive, noncompliant and complex responses to the less preferred direct and open confrontation with authority. Secondly, the historiography of protest movements in Ghana reveals a lingering preference for twentieth century social movements, neglecting nineteenth century forms of protest and social movement bases, which employed subtlety, noncompliance, and sometimes, direct confrontation. Lastly, initial social movement literature showed a preponderance of male‐dominated narratives, which eventually led to the creation of female‐inspired alternate narratives. Using selected works in social movement theory, general surveys on the history of Ghana, monographs, journal articles, book chapters and unpublished theses, this article seeks to offer a panoramic view of the history‐writing of social movements and its prospects in Ghana.

Axioms and Postulates as Speech Acts

We analyze axioms and postulates as speech acts. After a brief historical appraisal of the concept of axiom in Euclid, Frege, and Hilbert, we evaluate contemporary axiomatics from a linguistic perspective. Our reading is inspired by Hilbert and is meant to account for the assertive, directive, and declarative components of modern axiomatics. We will do this by describing the constitutive and regulative roles that axioms possess with respect to the linguistic practice of mathematics.

Modified Asparaginase for Treatment of Cancer Historical Appraisal and Future Perspectives

Abstract: Asparaginase (ASNase) is widely used as an important component of first-line treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Although it is associated with a high rate of complete remission (~93%), challenges remain due to several side effects ranging from immune reactions to severe toxicity, largely associated with its higher immunogenicity and glutamine coactivity. Innovative products have therefore been devised to minimise these adverse reactions while increasing the enzymes’ pharmacokinetic properties, stability, and efficacy. This review focuses on commercially available formulations and others that remain in development, discussing the most recent strategies for preparing alternative formulations of the enzyme to be less immunogenic and have low glutaminase coactivity by using site-specific mutagenesis, PEGylation, and encapsulation techniques.

Between Concealment and Disclosure: Approaches to the History of Privacy in Knowledge-Making

Between Concealment and Disclosure: Approaches to the History of Privacy in Knowledge-Making

An overlooked gem in Llandaff, Cardiff: Rookwood Hospital history and heritage significance

The purpose of this article is to register for the academic community the uncertain future of the historic site of the former family home, then rehabilitation house - Rookwood Hospital. The Rookwood Estate comprises a complex of buildings arranged in a 26 acres’ site, Grade II listed land located on Fairwater Rd, Llandaff, Cardiff. The buildings date from the 19th century to prefabricated wooden buildings from the 20th century. In addition, the Hospital Gardens are a CADW Register of Landscape Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in Wales Grade II. The methodology consisted of a detailed desktop research and literature review in scientific databases, followed by documental research in the archives and repository of Glamorgan, in search of maps, drawing plans and photographs. Then, site visits were carried out to record the state of the buildings. All of these steps provided the basis for this article, which includes a historical appraisal, a study of the morphology of the complex and a visual record and description. Finally, considering its rich and complex history, this article aims to give visibility and raise awareness about the importance of Rookwood Hospital to the community of Llandaff.

Science as Arbitrator on Arctic Land-Use Issues: а Historical Appraisal

The article offers a historical review of the practice of prioritizing scientific advice in land-use policies of the Arctic. It uses the high-arctic Svalbard archipelago as its main case study. It articulates the need for historians to contribute insights into the ways scientific communities have set much of the international agenda of Arctic and Antarctic matters over the last century. From a cultural heritage standpoint, today’s situation on Svalbard illustrates some problems of the currently widely accepted ideas of global (Arctic) governance. The author raises the question, according some points of view, whether the idea of Circumarctic, globally governed by scientific diplomacy, will not turn into something “sectorally” divided — a future that, as Arctic historians know, has a past in Arctic geopolitics from which lessons can be learned.

The Resilience and Survival of Traditional Medicine in the Oku Fondom of Cameroon

Traditional medicine is a holistic discipline that involves indigenous herbalists and African spirituality and has been practice in Cameroon for centuries. This study examines the historical resilience and survival of traditional medicine in Oku, Cameroon. The study traces the historical development of tradi-medical practices, identifying the key historical events and social factors that have influenced their resilience and survival and assessing their effectiveness in meeting the health care needs of the local population. To achieve this, the research used qualitative approach based on historical analysis and archival research. The findings show that traditional medicine in Oku has a long history deeply rooted in local culture and community practices. The resilience and survival of traditional medicine in Oku has been shaped by complex interplay of historical events and social factors such as colonialism, modernization and globalization. Despite the challenges posed by these factors, traditional medicine in Oku has continue to adapt and evolve, demonstrating its resilience and effectiveness in addressing the health needs of the local population. The study concludes that a historical appraisal of tradi- medical practices in Oku provides valuable insight into the broader issues of cultural heritage, health equity and sustainable development of rural communities. The findings of this study have important implications for policy and practices of TM, healthcare, and cultural preservation. It is hoped that the findings of this study will inform policy and practice in the fields of TM, healthcare, and cultural preservation as well as contribute to the overall well-being of the local population in Oku.

로잔 운동의 역사적 평가와 제4차 로잔 대회의 과제

로잔 대회는 선교계의 월드컵이라 불릴 만큼 세계적인 복음주의 선교 운동이다. 감사한 것은 2024년 9월 22일부터 28일까지 로잔 운동 50주년을 기념해 제4차 로잔 운동이 한국에서 열린다. 하지만 제4차 로잔 대회는 한국의 단독 개최가 아니라 한국·일본 등 아시아 교회가 공동 주최하지만 한국교회가 호스트를 맡았다. 주제는 “함께 듣고, 모이고, 행동할 기회”이다. 국제로잔운동의 신임 총재로 한국계 미국인인 마이클 오(Michael Young-suk Ok) 박사가 선임된 것은 뜻깊은 일이며, 약 5천 명이 참석할 예정이다. 현재 전 세계가 코로나19, 지구 온난화, 전쟁, 가뭄, 홍수로 몸살을 앓고 있다. 더욱이 인공지능(AI)과 메타버스와 같은 제4차 산업혁명을 맞이해 교회의 새로운 변화가 요구되는데 제4차 로잔 대회가 이에 대한 방향을 제시해 주었으면 한다. 무엇보다 제4차 로잔 대회가 한국에서 개최된 것은 한국교회에 감사한 일이자 축복이다. 코로나19를 겪으면서 추락한 한국교회의 이미지를 회복할 수 있는 절호의 기회이기 때문이다. 물론 한국교회가 로잔 대회를 교세자랑이나 업적주의에 빠지지 않고, 철저한 준비를 한다면 위기를 기회로 만들 수 있다. 따라서 본고는 제1차 로잔 대회의 로잔 언약, 제2차 로잔 대회의 마닐라 선언문, 제3차 로잔 대회의 케이프타운 서약을 ‘교회-복음-세상’의 관점에서 분석·평가한 뒤, 제4차 로잔 대회의 주요 과제를 제시하는데 그 목적을 두고 있다. 바라기는 본고를 통해 한국교회가 로잔 운동의 정신을 재발견하여 한국 선교를 다시 일으킬 수 있는 계기가 되었으면 한다.

Liberal Islam: A Historical Appraisal

There are many ideologies integrated into the Muslim world through colonialism and modernization. Particularly, after the collapse of the Islamic regime, we have witnessed a few trends within the Muslim community over the past 2 centuries like liberal Islam, modern Islam, and radical Islam. Liberal Islam is one of them which is trying to solve the social and religious problems through the reinterpretation of Islam. In other words, their proponents claim that if Muslim Ummah wants to bring back Ummah culture and civilization, the Muslim community must adapt to western modernization and should use an integration policy with western philosophy. This paper goes with the thought of Islamic scholars in the modern context. The article uses a qualitative methodology and comparative and content analysis are used to understand the trend of liberal Islam in the contemporary world. This study attempts to assess the authenticity of liberal Islam and how Muslims are affected by liberal Islam.

Ernst-Wolfgang Böckenförde: Scholar of Law, Religion, and Democracy - Discussed: Religion, Law, and Democracy: Selected Writings. By Ernst-Wolfgang Böckenförde. Edited by Mirjam Künkler and Tine Stein. Translated by Thomas Dunlap. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020. Pp. 480. $65.00 (cloth); Oxford Scholarship Online by subscription (digital). ISBN: 9780198818632. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198818632.001.0001.

AbstractErnst-Wolfgang Böckenförde (1930–2019) was one of Germany’s foremost postwar legal scholars. He coined or popularized key terms and ideas that have left their mark on postwar German political debate to an extent matched by only few, from the chain of legitimation to the concept of the constitution as an ordering frame, the importance of the idea of subsidiarity in the European Union’s political competency, and his insistence that society must continuously work toward agreement on the things that cannot be voted on: the ultimate agreements in society that lie beyond the ballot box. Böckenförde was a lifelong commentator on Catholic affairs in Germany and involved in several important inner-Catholic reform initiatives. At the age of thirty-one, he became known to a wider German public with an article that presented a critical historical appraisal of the role of the Catholic Church under National Socialism. While still a postdoc, he co-authored a widely publicized critique of Jesuit Gustav Gundlach’s justification on theological grounds of a war of nuclear deterrence. In 1968, he was the first to publish a German edition of De Libertate Religiosa, the final declaration of the Second Vatican Council (Vatican II), and provided an authoritative commentary.

Women and Mass Media Development in the 21st Century: Viz A Viz

Women have employed the various channels of communication that covers broadcasting, newspapers, television, radio, internet for creating awareness, to express opinions, to educate the general public and enlighten women themselves on their rights and privileges. The current state of the media as against what existed in the pre-colonial and colonial era has triggered participation of women in the development of the sector. While there are bourgeoning literatures on women generally, their role in education, home, economy, governance, agriculture, food security, child bearing and rearing, a narrower study focuses on the role of women in the development of mass media from a historical perspective, thus creating a gap in literature. To this end, this study delves into a historical appraisal of women and mass media development in the 21st century. The paper reviews existing debates on women and mass media development and goes further to assess their contributions to one another.

Taxonomy of Material handling equipment selection methods at distribution centers

The current paper presents a taxonomy of material-handling-equipment for distribution centers, based on a Systematic Literature Review of previous works on both Material Handling Equipment in real picking-intensive logistics contexts and the Decision Support Systems [DSS] employed to solve this type of problem. The current review work intends to sort the literature on the topic through a Material Handling Equipment taxonomy supported on a Systematic Literature Review. A historical appraisal of the problem is complemented by the corresponding synthesis, conclusions and future research perspectives. The current study presents an overall view of Material Handling Equipments in real picking-intensive logistics contexts and Decision Support Systems employed to solve this type of problem. New research perspectives and future recommendations aim at a more thorough integration with expert systems (or any more efficient hybrid method) for candidate equipment assessment and final selection. This could be done by using MCDM techniques like to Stochastic Multicriteria Aceptability Analysis [SMAA].

Historical Appraisal of Chief Obafemi Awolowo and Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe’s Contributions to Nigeria’s Journalism

Founding fathers of the Nigerian press have made tremendous contributions to journalism practice in the country. This paper takes a look at the contributions of two towering founding fathers of the Nigerian press- Chief Obafemi Awolowo and Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe, from historical research perspective, digging into archival materials from media historians and evidences from the duo major publications: Nigerian Tribune and The West African Pilot respectively. The work which is anchored on the gatekeeping concept of the media has put in proper perspective the contributions of two media icons of the mid-twentieth century Nigeria’s journalism for academic and professional scrutiny. Lessons from the professional ups and downs of the probed veteran journalists and their relationship with their audience will, in no small measure, justify the social relevance of the discourse. The study recommends among other things that journalism institutions in the country should identify and teach contributions of the founding fathers of the Nigerian press to enable young journalists have a solid foundation in their profession. The study also recommends among other things that modern day journalists in Nigeria should sustain the fire brand journalism practice of the duo which appears to have gone into extinction.

A Historical Appraisal of Ethics and Civilization in Malaysia from Pre-Colonial to Post-Colonial Era

This paper discusses the development of ethics and civilization with regards to Malaysia’s history from its pre-colonial to post-colonial times. This paper analyses the meaning of ethics in Ancient Greek and its relationship to civilization and how ethical framework has changed throughout particular civilizations. It also discusses how the religious ethical framework as well as local culture and customs in Malaysia were affected when Western modernity was introduced to this region. It is argued that both the Hindu-Buddhist period and the Muslim sultanates period have a similarity in their ethical framework in that both frameworks are informed by a belief in the divine, much like the Homeric period in Ancient Greece. On the discussion on the colonial period, this paper emphasizes and draws distinctions between the Portuguese, the Dutch and the British taking into consideration the main events that had happened in Europe between the Portuguese’ conquest of Malacca in 1511 and the British colonization in Malaya in 1824. Finally, this paper discusses on what this means to post-colonial Malaysia and the challenges it brings to the ethical discussion in Malaysia as well suggestions for possible meeting points to counter these challenges.

A historical appraisal of the techniques of left ventricular volume reduction in ischemic cardiomyopathy: Who did what?

Resection or exclusion of scars following a myocardial infarction on the left anterior descending artery territory started even before the beginning of the modern era of cardiac surgery. Many techniques were developed, but there is still confusion on who did what. The original techniques underwent modifications that brought to a variety of apparently new procedures that, however, were only a "revisitation" of what described before. In some case, old techniques were reproposed and renamed, without giving credit to the surgeon that was the original designer. Herein we try to describe which are the seminal procedures and some of the most important modifications, respecting however the merit of who first communicated the procedure to the scientific world.

How does the extension of existing transport infrastructure affect land value? A case study of the Tyne and Wear Light Transit Metro system

This paper seeks to investigate the timing of land value uplift associated with an extension to an existing light rail transport system. It seeks to understand the amount of land value increase on residential properties at different stages of the infrastructure delivery process of the Tyne and Wear Metro (TWM) system in the North East of England. This is to shed light on the potential use of land value capture methods for subsequent extensions. Whilst there has been substantial international research into transport related land value capture methods, this tends to take place in atypical capital cities with buoyant land markets and/or entire transport systems. This is reflected in England, where research is less frequent in major conurbations outside of Central London, which are more typical of urban areas in this country. In response, the intention is to shed new light on this situation by updating historical research into the impact of the TWM. Its primary focus is the longitudinal performance of the 2002 Sunderland Metro Extension (SME). This historical appraisal of impact is significant because it is important to understand when and how much uplift is generated. This in turn helps to evidence any justifications for subsequent extensions and funding via Land Value Capture. This study uses a novel time based analysis to quantify differences in property prices before, immediately after and fifteen years after the Sunderland Metro Extension (SME) was constructed. The original results show that property values increased immediately after the extension becomes operational, though no significant results were found 15 years later.