Historical Impact Research Articles

Beyond the 9-to-5: Unravelling the Pros and Cons of Moonlighting in Today’s Job Market

In current years, moonlighting, defined as the practice of performing multiple tasks simultaneously, has gained prominence as an integral part of the evolving business environment. The first section explains the meaning and theoretical basis of moonlight. We explore its historical background, legal implications, and impact on employee well-being through established research. The second section focuses on our research methodology, highlighting the data selection criteria included in this study, which are carefully detailed. Strong research practices ensure the accuracy of our findings. The third category classifies motivations for moonlight behaviour. From economic incentives to personal preferences, we explore why individuals choose to balance multiple roles. The fourth section includes sector-specific research that sheds light on broad moonlighting across sectors. We explore how moonlight and gig economy trends align with traditional employment models. The relationship between moonlighting and organizational commitment is explored in Section V. We examine whether moonlighting affects loyalty, participation, and performance in an employee’s primary job. Our paper concludes by summarizing the main takeaways and proposing avenues for future research. Moonlighting is a multifaceted phenomenon, and understanding its implications is critical for employees and employers alike. This study contributes to the ongoing discourse on career mobility, and provides insights for policy makers, HR professionals, and scholars alike. As organizations adapt to the changing landscape, acknowledging and addressing moonlighting practices becomes essential for sustainable workforce management.

Long-term Holocene warming trend in Southern China revealed by corrected pollen data

Holocene temperature changes and their forcings serve as pivotal references for current and future warming trends. However, significant discrepancies exist between proxy reconstructions and model simulations of Holocene temperature evolution. Pollen evidence, often central to these discrepancies, have been criticized for potentially reflecting human influence rather than pure temperature variations, complicating our understanding of Holocene temperature changes. Our study focuses on southern China, a region with pronounced discrepancies between models and proxies. We introduce and validate a novel methodology to isolate genuine temperature signals from pollen data. This approach employs an arboreal pollen-based temperature index and correct biases inherent in raw pollen data using the Regional Estimates of Vegetation Abundance from Large Sites (REVEALS) model. Applying this method, we present a new winter/annual temperature record for the past 10,000 years based on two fossil pollen data from the Luoxiao Mountains. Simultaneously, we reconstruct the historical impact of human activities in the region. Our temperature records reveal a sustained warming trend during the Holocene, closely matching model-simulated mean annual temperatures (R = 0.97), and temperature reconstructions based on branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers from regional terrestrial and marine archives. In contrast, uncorrected pollen data indicate a cooling trend during the late Holocene, coinciding with significant human impact since approximately 3 ka BP. Our analysis and regional comparison with existing temperature records indicate that such contrasting temperature trends stem from a human-induced cooling bias, particularly pronounced in uncorrected pollen data. We infer that the early to middle Holocene warming was due to various factors, while late Holocene warming was predominantly driven by local annual insolation changes. Our findings challenge previously widely identified late-Holocene cooling trends based on uncorrected pollen data, demonstrating that the correction of pollen data can effectively mitigate human-induced cooling biases in temperature reconstructions. This study confirms the accuracy of climate models in simulating a Holocene warming trend, both temporally and spatially, at least in southern China.

ALÉM DAS MARCAS: UMA ANÁLISE CRÍTICA DAS TEORIAS DE CESARE LOMBROSO SOBRE AS CARACTERÍSTICAS FÍSICAS E SUA RELEVÂNCIA NA CRIMINOLOGIA CONTEMPORÂNEA

This scientific article investigates the evolution and contemporary relevance of Cesare Lombroso's theories, with emphasis on his proposals on the relationship between physical characteristics and criminal behavior. The theory of the born criminal, proposed by Lombroso, which suggests that certain physical characteristics could indicate an innate predisposition to criminal behavior, is critically examined. The objective is to evaluate the validity of these ideas, exploring whether there is a significant correlation between physical characteristics and propensity for crime, as suggested by Lombroso. To this end, historical materials on Lombroso and his criminological school were reviewed, as well as contemporary studies on the influence of biological factors on criminal behavior. The methodology included a critical analysis of academic and historical literature. The results indicate that while Lombroso's ideas were pioneering, they have been widely discredited due to their biological determinism and the lack of conclusive evidence linking specific physical characteristics to criminal behavior. The discussion underscores the importance of understanding the historical impact of these theories and the advancement of criminology towards a more balanced approach, considering both genetic and environmental factors. In conclusion, the work emphasizes the need for a critical analysis of Lombroso's theories and suggests that current criminology should integrate a more holistic and scientific perspective on the causality of criminal behavior.

Structural racism: A concept analysis

BackgroundDespite the broad agreement that structural racism is problematic, there remains significant confusion as to what structural racism means and how to research it. PurposePerform a comprehensive concept analysis of structural racism and propose an operational definition. MethodWalker and Avant’s eight-step, iterative method was used for conducting the concept analysis. FindingsStructural racism has five defining attributes: oppressive racial ideologies, dynamic state, inverse-related influence, temporality, and a false sense of “racial equity.” Structural racism has six antecedents: explicit racial bias, implicit racial bias, racial discrimination, institutional racism, cultural racism, and systemic racism. There are three consequences of structural racism: group categorization, unequal treatment, and racial inequities. DiscussionTo combat and defeat the historical and ongoing impact of structural racism, conceptual clarity must be established. Only then can an operational definition be proposed and instruments developed that correspond with the nature of structural racism.

Enormous headward and gully erosion in a floodplain area reclaimed for open-cast lignite mining during the July 2021 flood in the Inde River valley (Western Germany)

BackgroundThe July flood 2021 at the mountain front of the Eifel-Ardennes Mountains and their foreland resulted in the flooding of the lignite mining area of Inden in Germany. The mining activities resulted in large-scale anthropogenic changes to the relief and fluvial system, leading to a landscape that is no longer adjusted to the recent process-response system. This paper concentrates on the Inde River, where lignite mining led to the relocation of a 5-km-long river section. The flood event resulted in the temporary avulsion of the Inde River into the former channel and, ultimately, in the flooding of the open-cast lignite mine Inden.ResultsThe flooding of the open-cast lignite mine Inden led to headwall erosion and enormous sediment mobilisation, mobilising more than half a million cubic metres of sediment within a few hours, forming a 700-m-long deeply incised channel cut. Thereby, the underlying bedrock, near-subsurface man-made structures, and former river channels influence the erosional processes to different degrees. Surface erosion is likely to be the decisive process, and subsurface erosion is likely to play a secondary role. In both cases, former channels and mill ditches were likely impacting the course of erosional processes.ConclusionsDuring high flood events open-cast mining sites in floodplains are endangered by enormous erosion and sediment transport within a short period of time (several hours). Understanding such complex erosion and depositional processes in open-cast mining areas could provide a blueprint for geomorphological processes and hazards in these anthropogenically shaped fluvial landscapes. Further, information on historic impact in the area is crucial to estimate potential risks.

French colonialism and neocolonialism in Africa: A comprehensive analysis

The study examined how French colonialism has shaped political, economic, and social structures across the continent, focusing on the exploitation of resources, suppression of indigenous governance, and cultural imposition. It further delves into neocolonialism, where former colonies, despite gaining independence, remain economically dependent and politically influenced by France through mechanisms such as economic aid, military interventions, and Francophone networks. The study was qualitative in nature and the research design was descriptive as well as analytical which aimed to describe and analyze the historical and contemporary impacts of French colonialism and neocolonialism. The study was conducted within four selected universities under social sciences departments specifically. Purposive sampling was used to select participants who understand the historical impact of French colonialism and how it continues to influence African nations under neocolonial structures. The study consisted 100 respondents; University Lecturers, Students and selected members from Civil Society Organizations. The data collection process involved documentary review, literature review and conducting individual interviews on the participants. The collected was analyzed using themes and content analysis from the objectives of the study. The findings revealed that French colonialism imposed direct rule, extracting natural resources and exploiting labor, while reshaping social and political structures to align with French interests. Additionally, even after the formal end of colonialism in the mid-20th century, neocolonialism emerged, with France maintaining influence through economic dependencies, political alliances, and military interventions. This neocolonial dynamic has continued to shape the trajectory of African nations, as they navigate sovereignty within a globalized economy still influenced by their colonial past. The study therefore recommended for African nations to prioritize economic self-sufficiency and diversify their trade relationships to reduce dependence on France.

Main aspects of the historical and legal impact of public international law on the national legal order

Main aspects of the historical and legal impact of public international law on the national legal order

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Turnover Rates Among Staff in Community Mental Health and Substance Use Organizations.

This article explores the historic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on turnover rates among staff in community mental health and substance use organizations in the United States. While existing literature extensively covers turnover in physical healthcare settings, the mental health and substance use sector's unique challenges have received less attention. The study utilizes a six-year dataset from a large multi-service organization in the northeast to analyze turnover patterns before, during, and after the pandemic. Key findings include a spike in turnover during the pandemic, particularly in Hospital Diversion Programs, and significant variations by age and gender. Despite the pandemic not significantly affecting overall turnover rates, the results offer insights into specific groups at risk for turnover, such as staff under 29 years old. The study concludes by discussing the implications for targeted retention strategies, especially as mental health organizations nationwide adopt the Certified Community Behavioral Health Center model.

Merging modelled and reported flood impacts in Europe in a combined flood event catalogue for 1950–2020

Abstract. Long-term trends in flood losses are regulated by multiple factors including climate variation, demographic dynamics, economic growth, land-use transitions, reservoir construction and flood risk reduction measures. The attribution of those drivers through the use of counterfactual scenarios of hazard, exposure or vulnerability first requires a good representation of historical events, including their location, their intensity and the factual circumstances in which they occurred. Here, we develop a chain of models that is capable of recreating riverine, coastal and compound floods in Europe between 1950 and 2020 that had a potential to cause significant socioeconomic impacts. This factual catalogue of almost 15 000 such events was scrutinized with historical records of flood impacts. We found that at least 10 % of them led to significant socioeconomic impacts (including fatalities) according to available sources. The model chain was able to capture events responsible for 96 % of known impacts contained in the Historical Analysis of Natural Hazards in Europe (HANZE) flood impact database in terms of persons affected and economic losses and for 81 % of fatalities. The dataset enables the study of the drivers of vulnerability and flood adaptation due to a large sample of events with historical impact data. The model chain can be further used to generate counterfactual events, especially those related to climate change and human influence on catchments.

Exploring the Historical Development and Impact of the Ancient Roman Period

Exploring the Historical Development and Impact of the Ancient Roman Period

A Review on Electric Vehicles for Holistic Robust Integration in Cities: History, Legislation, Meta-Analysis of Technology and Grid Impact

Electric vehicle technology is transitioning from mobility based on fossil fuel combustion to one based on vehicle electrification, in which the primary energy is increasingly renewable, and the generation of pollutants and CO2 emissions is being reduced. This paper provides a tour of the key aspects of these systems, reviewing their most important historical, legislative, and grid impact topics. For this purpose, a literature review of publications up to 2022 is conducted. The last decade is the subject of a deeper analysis, shedding light on the essential characteristics of this technology and fundamentally focusing on its integration into electrical distribution networks. This work is carried out based on a review of a selection of articles written by authors worldwide who have researched these topics. We ordered and analyzed the temporal evolution of the defined categories, obtaining their research line direction. A meta-analysis of grid impact was also carried out, prompting clear conclusions about the state of the art and potential future works.

Analysis of a large buried impact crater and vertical mineral composition at the Chang'E-4 landing site by multi-source remote sensing data

Exploring the concealed subsurface structures and materials beneath the lunar surface can reveal significant insights into geological history. This study offers a comprehensive analysis of the stratigraphic interpretation and subsurface material composition at the Chang'E-4 landing site, integrating both in-situ and orbital radar with multispectral datasets. We report the identification of a subsurface structure, which resembles a buried impact crater (∼420 m in diameter) under the Yutu-2 rover's path. This crater could degrade over a period of 0.42 to 0.53 Ga, with an initial diameter of 293 to 323 m and an initial depth of 45.9 to 51.4 m. Surface material above the buried crater, evaluated by the in-situ visible and near-infrared imaging spectrometer (VNIS) detector, shows a higher abundance of clinopyroxene compared to surrounding areas, where a near-equal mix of clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene is observed. Assessment of crater diameters in proximity to the Chang'E-4 landing site, along with the mineral compositions at their epicenters, reveals a decrease in the abundance of clinopyroxene and plagioclase with depth. Conversely, the quantities of orthopyroxene and olivine increase, implying that orthopyroxene-rich Finsen ejecta significantly influenced the Chang'E-4 landing site's geological composition. Two potential stratigraphic boundary depths are identified at 13.5 and 22 m, based on pronounced variations in mineral abundance, offering fresh insights into subsurface delineation beyond radar data. Considering the VNIS and vertical mineral composition, we propose the buried crater's formation resulted from Finsen crater's ejecta. Also, we identify eight potential historical impacts by comparing subsurface relief variations with mineral composition ratios between clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene. The integration of subsurface structure, along with surface and subsurface mineral composition, enables a more robust stratigraphic interpretation, facilitates shallow material source analysis, and allows for historical impact tracing.

On the ambivalence of granivorous carabids: Weed seed bank regulators, potential crop pests or both?

Carabids have long been beloved by collectors and have recently gained much attention in research as beneficial natural enemies of pests and weeds. With agricultural transformation towards lower herbicide use, carabids are expected to help carry the burden of weed regulation. While there is good evidence to found these expectations on, relying on seed-consuming carabids for natural weed regulation also has clear limitations. One of these is the fact that many carabids can be crop pests themselves, often in addition to their beneficial roles as natural enemies of pests or weeds. In a qualitative review, we gathered the available evidence for 72 carabid species acting as crop pests in 27 crops by damaging crops or consuming their seeds. Based on selected examples from different crops, we portray the historical impact and current state of carabids as crop pests. Due to the scarcity of recent reports, we expect that most carabids acting as crop pests are not a currently relevant economic problem across regions and crops, with beneficial ecosystem services provided by carabids outweighing possible damages. Yet, given the abundance of historical evidence and the current trajectory of agriculture towards a more sustainable management that aims to decrease chemical crop protection and increase carabid populations, we see a need to consider that carabids can, under certain conditions, act as crop pests. In this context, it will be crucial to get a better understanding of potential carabid crop pests around the globe, to identify under which conditions carabids switch roles from ecosystem service provides to ecosystem disservice providers and to understand how this role switching will be affected by climate change and agricultural transformation.

Multiple Secularities in Africa – An Introduction

Abstract Raising timely and urgent questions about the forms, scope and boundaries of religious authority and practice, this article offers novel ways for the study of secularities and secularisms in contemporary African societies. In recent scholarly debates on secularity, Africa has been marginal. Part of the reason, it was suggested was that African ways of being in, and knowing, the world lay outside the religious-secular divide. We contest such positions. Secularism was clearly part of modernists colonial ideologies that called for the eradication of African beliefs described as backward and irrational. We find that the colonial encounter had a powerful historical impact, essentializing and othering African societies as marked by holistic indigenous cultures rather than differentiated religions. We suggest that the complex interplay of different African and European cultures has simultaneously shaped the social construction and historical development of multiple secularities. We propose that the concept of multiple secularities provides creative avenues to rethink religion, political authority and belonging. We consider secularities as contested arrangements of religious and other spheres whose dynamics include processes of de-differentiation and de-secularization.

Tropical Cyclones in Nicaragua: Historical Impact and Contemporary Exposure to Disaster Risk

In tropical regions such as Nicaragua, the population’s vulnerability to hazards has escalated in recent decades. This increase in vulnerability has led to a surge in disasters, particularly those triggered by intense hurricanes. The implications at the national level are still poorly understood. The aim of this article has, therefore, been two-fold. First, to present a historical review of the direct effects of tropical cyclones on society in Nicaragua from 1852 to 2020. Second, to analyze the statistical probabilities of future hurricane-spawned high winds over Nicaragua. Data on cyclones hitting Nicaragua’s coasts were collected, including direct effects, wind speed, pressure, category, direction, and time of landfall. A database was created to classify intensity based on wind speed and frequency. Between 1852 and 2020, Nicaragua experienced 58 tropical cyclones with varying degrees of intensity between September and November. The trajectories of six past hurricanes were considered here regarding the areas that might have been under potential threat. Three zones of influence were delimited along each trajectory according to three wind intensities and the trajectory of these hurricanes. The consequent exposure of each Nicaraguan department and autonomous region was established. The findings are essential to delimitating priority areas for attention regarding the likely impact of tropical cyclones, mainly category 4 and 5 hurricanes. Public officials and the general public can use these data to identify the pressing need for enhanced strategies to mitigate disaster risk and avoid potential disasters.

Decolonizing nursing for health equity: A scoping review

BackgroundThe recent push to “decolonize nursing” has become a critical movement to address institutional racism, but the term has circulated through nursing circles enough to risk becoming a buzzword. PurposeThis article clarifies “decolonizing nursing” by addressing the following questions: (a) How has “decolonizing nursing” been discussed in nursing research? (b) What specific projects have been implemented to decolonize nursing? (c) How has decolonizing nursing been related to health equity? MethodWe conducted a scoping review and searched CINAHL, PubMed, and PsycINFO databases. FindingsA total of N = 56 records were included. “Decolonization” has referred to a range of ideas related to challenging and resisting Western and European dominance and de-centering Whiteness. DiscussionNursing researchers should collaborate with Indigenous communities and people of color not only to diversify their syllabi, but also to determine ways to redistribute material resources and better understand colonialism's historical context and impact.

Sejarah Eksodus Masyarakat Arab Hadrami Yaman ke Makassar

This research aims to provide deeper insight into the historical dynamics and impact on the region. In analyzing the data, the authors used qualitative methods to understand more deeply the events and motivations behind the exodus of the Yemeni Hadrami Arab Community to Makassar. Primary data from historical documents and trade letters are analyzed narratively and interpreted to identify important patterns and events. Apart from that, secondary data is used to provide a broader picture of the role of the Arab Hadrami Community in Makassar at that time. The exodus of the Arab Hadrami Community to Makassar is an important event in Indonesian history. In the 17th century, they migrated from Hadramaut, Yemen, to Indonesia, especially South Sulawesi. Their goals included trade, the spread of Islam, education, and the formation of mixed families. Hadrami Arab traders brought various trade goods, such as silk cloth and spices, to trade with the local population. This trade had a significant impact on the local economy and helped make Makassar an important trading center.

The role of Baghdad Kurds in writing diaries and memories between the years 1991 - 2003

Writing diaries and memories is an educated attempt by the Kurds settled in Baghdad between the years 1991 to 2003. The Kurds settlements in Baghdad has a long historical root, their footprints can be easily seen in different fields, from the establishment of the Iraqi country in 1921 and the establishments during monarchy all the way to the foundation of the republic in 1958. Kurds have had different role in Iraq till 2003. A number of those Kurd who settled in Baghdad felt the importance of writing their diaries and memories to familiarize the new generation and to create a source for the researchers. Investigations about such a field has a historical significance due to its diverse nature. Besides, the political developments, social aspects, media, economics, education, geography, women, civil…. etc. such, diaries and memories contain significant information that can have a profound historical impact on the modern history. Monarchy era is paid more attention compared to the republican era which shows the monopoly of politicians and military elites in which (5) out of (8) of those diary and memory writers were among them. Women had a narrow space in this field and the writers depended on themselves in writing their diaries and memories.

Stable isotope analysis in soil prospection reveals the type of historic land-use under contemporary temperate forests in Europe

The determination of δ13C and δ15N values is a common method in archaeological isotope analysis—in studying botanical and human remains, dietary practices, and less typically soils (to understand methods of agricultural cultivation, including fertilization). Stable isotope measurements are also commonly used in ecological studies to distinguish different ecosystems and to trace diachronic processes and biogeochemical mechanisms, however, the application of this method in geochemical prospection, for determining historic land-use impact, remains unexplored. The study at hand focuses on a deserted site of a Cistercian manor, dating from the thirteenth to fifteenth centuries. Isotopic measurements of anthropogenically influenced soils have been compared to approximately 400 archaeobotanical, soil, and sediment samples collected globally. The results reveal the potential of isotope measurements in soil to study the impact of past land use as isotope measurements identify specific types of agricultural activities, distinguishing crop production or grazing. δ13C and δ15N ratios also likely reflect fertilization practices and—in this case—the results indicate the presence of cereal cultivation (C3 cycle plants) and fertilization and that the site of the medieval manor was primarily used for grain production rather than animal husbandry.

Red River Jig Family Network

This article describes the first year of a transdisciplinary inquiry into the cultural and historic impact of the “Red River Jig,” a piece of music, dance, and story central to the Michif/Métis peoples. We outline the project’s provenance, review its objectives, and offers four approaches that have emerged in the first year. These include building on visiting as a Métis-specific methodology by applying “visiting way” methodology to the study of music/dance/story while also considering music/dance/story as Métis methodology; moving beyond the disciplinary boundaries; and supporting the flourishment of music/dance/story in Métis communities by building a knowledge-sharing community beyond academic spaces.