History Of England Research Articles

“Travel Inter-City like the men do”: Marketing British Rail’s Inter-City in Britain 1964–1979

The change in brand from British Railways to British Rail (BR) marked an important moment in the history of Britain’s railway. Running alongside BR’s modernization was a wider process of “professionalization” within the field of marketing. This paper explores how the wider professionalization of marketing impacted BR’s own marketing practices, showing that after 1965 BR opened its doors to new methods, means, and perhaps most importantly, specialists from outside the railway industry. Such marketing efforts helped to frame the railway in terms of individual travelers’ specific economic needs: by 1968 it had effectively segmented its passengers into demographic audiences, and by 1975, BR had a much better understanding of its markets. These individual economies were often highly gendered and saw only mixed success, but ultimately demonstrated an application of research, advertising, and promotion.

Future-Oriented Science Learning and its Effects on Students’ Emotions, Futures Literacy and Agency in the Anthropocene

AbstractScience education bears the broader objective of nurturing students today to be scientifically-literate citizens of tomorrow who are able to foresee challenges, invent solutions and make responsible decisions for global issues. As a prelude to the new focus of agency in the Anthropocene, this paper presents an intervention on climate change with upper secondary students in a museum of natural history in England. Instructional strategies such as infusing scenarios and arts into scientific discussions were adopted to induce imagination, future-oriented thinking and emotional responses. Statistical results showed that the intervention significantly enhanced participants’ futures literacy, environmental agency and positive emotions. However, it did not increase their interests in learning science in out-of-school context. Implications of this study will shed light on futurising science and climate education in research and practice.

English Nationalism and the Study of the History of Anglo-Saxon England

The author in the presented article analyses the features and directions of development of English academic historiography, focused on the history of England before 1066, as a form of political memory. It is assumed that UK political elites do not pursue memorial politics in its classical forms. Therefore, the author notes that the role of a similar historical policy in Europe and in England is played by academic historiography.The purpose of the study is to analyse the role, place and significance of research focused on the history of Anglo-Saxon England in the context of the development of memory policy and memorial culture. The novelty of the research lies in the study of academic historiography as a form of historical policy in a society where there are institutions of memory and memorial laws.The article shows that 1) Anglo-Saxon narratives in modern memorial culture have become a form of nationalist historical interaction, 2) actors and agents of English politics are both historians and the intellectual community in general, since the ruling elites distance themselves from participation in the politics of collective historical memory, 3) Anglo-Saxon narratives in the historical general began to show interest in English cultural nationalism, since its political forms and dimensions are undeveloped.It is suggested that academic historians in modern England have become both important and forced participants in the politics of history, nationalizing history before 1066, drawing attention to the significance of the past in modern identity.The article shows that modern English historiography in the field of memory and memorial culture actually plays the role of a political expert and agent who shapes and promotes ideas about the past, instrumentalizing history as a political resource.

Tobias Smollett’s and John Campbell’s Contributions to the American Volumes in The Modern Part of an Universal History

ABSTRACT The second edition of the influential An Universal History (1747–1754) was entitled The Modern Part of an Universal History (1759–1766). Modern Part’s volumes 38–41, in octavo, cover the discoveries, settlements and conquests of the Americas. These American volumes were written, according to Guido Abbattista, by the mid-eighteenth-century Scottish-born historian, John Campbell (1708–1775). Tobias Smollett (1711–1771) will be shown, however, to be a significant contributor to the American volumes, which is most evident in passages or sections that draw from his histories, A Complete History of England (1757–1758, 2nd edition 1758–1760) and Continuation of the History of England (1760–1765). Smollett’s contributions to the American volumes likely prompted him to borrow from them to write his American section in his later work, The Present State of All Nations (1768–1769). Smollett’s politics and correspondence, along with textual and stylometric analysis, specifically the “rolling classify” function in R, will demonstrate Smollett’s contributions to Modern Part’s American volumes.

Heroines and Villains, Orphans and Thieves: The Motley Melodramas of Oliver Twist

Abstract This essay examines Charles Dickens's incorporation of Georgian- and early Victorian-era theatrical melodrama into his 1837–39 novel Oliver Twist. It studies Dickens's text against genre theories of melodrama, Dickens's own staged readings of Twist, social histories of contemporaneous England, and highlights from the era's English melodramas (including The Castle Spectre and A String of Pearls; or, The Fiend of Fleet Street). Crucial to Twist's literary history was Dickens's engagement with a pervasive London theatrical culture, a move that both trained his readers and led to the book's enduring afterlife as a melodrama itself. The essay argues that Dickens utilizes consumers’ preconceived understandings of popular theatrical tropes to guide their expectations when reading Twist. Moreover, by tweaking recognizable melodrama tropes—altering genders, multiplying villainies—Dickens finally suggests that familial reconstruction and moral collectivity can counter society's ills.

Infant mortality and social causality: Lessons from the history of Britain's public health movement, c. 1834-1914.

What are the historical conditions under which a sociologically informed understanding of health inequality can emerge in the public sphere? We seek to address this question through the lens of a strategically chosen historical puzzle-the stubborn persistence of and salient variation in high infant mortality rates across British industrial towns at the dawn of the previous century-as analysed by Arthur Newsholme, the Medical Officer of the Local Government Board. In doing so, we retrace the historical processes through which the evolving public health movement gradually helped crystallise a scientific understanding of the social causes of excess mortality. We map the dominant ideology of the public sphere at the time, chart the shifting roles of the state, and retrace the historical origins and emergence of 'public health' as a distinctive category of state policy and public discourse. We situate the public health movement in this historical configuration and identify the cracks in the existing ideological and administrative edifice through which this movement was able to articulate a novel approach to population health-one that spotlights the political economy of social inequality. We relate this historical sequence to the rise of industrial capitalism, the social fractures that it spawned, and the organised counter-movements that it necessitated.

Violence in the History of England's Christianity: A Study on the Basis of Religious and Literary Discourse

The current article is concerned with the dialectics between power, society and religion at a most dramatic period of the English history – the Tudor Reformation, a time when prevalent Catholic ideas were challenged by the new faith creating a conflict which could not be reconciled for centuries. The transition to a new social order took a strongly religious character. The schism triggered a tsunami of violence that permeated and shaped all aspects of life, polity, and culture. In the current article, politico-theological foundations of violence are viewed in historical perspective including both ideology and practice. Making violence a focal point of the research, we study all the means mobilized to justify it as well as mechanisms and venues of propaganda whose aim was to exert influence on people's mind-set.

Roundtable: Four Nations.

Nations have long since preoccupied historians. Histories of how nations came to be, how they persisted, and how nations were unmade are innumerable. As a political unit of analysis, the nation has fascinated and divided. On the one hand, histories of the nation have traced the origins of particular nation states, analysing how a large body of people becomes united within a geographic territory through a shared language, a shared identity, and a shared culture. On the other hand, such histories have been criticized for reifying the nation-state, stressing the majority over the minority, and ultimately for obfuscating differences. The nation as a structure can indeed serve the needs of the ruling establishment to create a governing society. How then, can historians retain the nation as a unit of analysis without for example valorizing England in histories of the UK? Why is it so often that in histories of Britain, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales are mentioned as a comparable case and not the focus itself? Is it possible to ensure that histories of the British Isles reject and refuse implicit hierarchies that routinely prioritize one nation over other nations? Fundamentally, is it even worthwhile to study the nation instead of, for example, focusing on specific gendered groups, or ethnic communities or labour movements for instance? By focusing on thematic experiences rather than the nation-state can historians avoid inadvertently reproducing structural inequality in twenty-first-century Britain?

Finding modernity in England's past: Social anthropology and the remaking of social history in Britain, 1959–77

British historians drew on anthropological exemplars to remake social history between 1959 and 1977. Eric Hobsbawm's ‘primitive rebels’, Peter Laslett's World We Have Lost, Keith Thomas’s studies of witchcraft, and E. P. Thompson's ‘moral economy’ were all inspired by contemporary social anthropology, and they transformed historians’ understanding of the past. Reconstructing this moment of cross-disciplinary research contributes to our understanding of broader changes in the mid-century human sciences. This was a moment of grand theorizing about ‘modernization’, capitalism, and industrialization. Social historians responded to these concerns by drawing analogies between the past and the ethnographic present. The result was a number of hugely influential studies of social change that posed new questions to those seeking to create abstract models of modernization out of the English past.

Exploring Love and Friendship in Jane Austen's Novels

Jane Austen's early works are contained in three notebooks, all of which still exist today in various museums and libraries. "Love and Friendship" and "The History of England" are the two most notable works from her early writings.” Love and Friendship" is an epistolary novella written when Austen was a teenager. It consists of letters from the heroine, Laura, to Marianne, the daughter of her friend Isabel. The story is a parody of romantic novels of the time. In it, Laura falls instantly in love with a mysterious stranger, Edward, who she almost immediately marries. Laura also meets a friend, Sophia, with whom she instantly connects in a way that is so ridiculous that it is clear that Austen was making fun of conventional stories of the day. The complex story has them undertaking perilous journeys, solving mysteries, and having adventures, all while fainting near-constantly in a clear parody of what women in romance novels would do. Ultimately, Edward and Sophia both die and Laura retires to the countryside to mourn. The story is complete with many of the cliches of Romantic era novels, including falling in love and friendship at first meeting, unexpected inheritances, and others.

Krakowskie tradycje badań nad dziejami Wysp Brytyjskich w XX i XXI wieku

The article is devoted to the presentation of the achivements of historians working in Kraków, which are devoted to the history of England, Scotland, and Ireland in the early modern period. In the inter‑war period (1918‑1939) the works of Władysław Konopczyński and Stanisław Kot are mentioned. The former authored several articles devoted to the English Parliament and English reactions to the partitions of Poland. The latter studied traces of the Polish Brethren in Britain and the consequences of their influence. After World War II it was Stanisław Grzybowski who should be named as the first historian who undertook serious research on British topics. He published a number of popular books, several of which were widely circulated and read, and one original source study on Tudor and early Stuart colonial policy. It is Grzybowski's student, Mariusz Misztal who has published the most widely on the early modern history of England, especially on Mary Stuart, James Stuart to move to 19th century topics connected with Queen Victoria. Andrzej Kuropatnicki is ‑ in turn ‑ Misztal's student. He works and publishes on early modern English cookery and medicine.

Evgenia Vladimirovna Gutnova as a Historiographer of the English Medieval Parliament: The Anglo-American Research Perspective

This article considers the Anglo-American historiography of the early English parliament based on the extensive contribution and heritage of Evgenia Vladimirovna Gutnova (1914–1992), an outstanding Soviet and Russian medievalist and historiographer. E.V. Gutnova was a pioneer and groundbreaker in the historical and historiographical study of the English state and medieval parliamentarism during the 13th–14th centuries. Through her work, she expanded the pool of historiographical sources available to the scientific world. This vast collection included the fundamental works on the English constitutional history of the Middle Ages published by major historians of England and the USA in the middle of the 19th–the first half of the 20th centuries. She performed a detailed analysis of their concepts of the English medieval parliament by comparison of the Whig-liberal (W. Stubbs) and “critical” (F.W. Maitland) models in line with the Marxist methodologies of history. Here, based on the historical-genetic and -comparative methods, along with historical analysis and synthesis, E.V. Gutnova’s role in the study of the early English parliamentarism within the Anglo-American historiography was defined. The conclusion is made that she developed and introduced an innovative historiographical concept, which has become a widely used algorithm for research in the field of foreign history of historical science, with the Anglo-American historiography of early parliamentarism in England as its integral part.

Reconciliation in John Winthrop's History of New England

Abstract: The prominence of dissent and the reconciliation of dissent in John Winthrop's History of New England serves as a useful reminder that Massachusetts was not as monolithic as is often thought and that colony's ability to cope with differences of religious opinion was important to the way it represented itself. Instance of reconciliation in the History also have a face-saving effect in that they cast the colonial government as a reasonable and patient judge of permissible versus intolerable dissent while, at the same time, casting irreconcilable difference as unreasonable and self-interested, and therefore punishable. This essay studies how reconciliation events in the History work rhetorically to validate the colonial government's power both by displaying its capacity for tolerance and by defining the reasonable limits of what is tolerable.

Арт. Феличе. Воспоминания актрисы (Людмила Андреевна Ямщикова-Дмитриева: к 130-летию со дня рождения)

We dedicate the publication of a fragment of the fictionalized autobiography of Lyudmila Andreevna Yamshchikova-Dmitrieva (1893‒1978), “Aktrisa” (“The Actress”), to her memory and her 130th anniversary. Another forgotten name that did not continue the ancestral branch of its famous ancestors Rokotov and Tolstoy. She left no descendants, was a dramatic actress and writer, made a certain contribution to Russian historical prose for young people in the first half of the 20th century and memorably served the theater, playing the main roles in plays of classical and modern repertoire. According to the memoirs of the playwright V.S. Rozov, who personally knew Lyudmila Andreevna and her mother, Margarita Vladimirovna Yamshchikova (1872‒1959), known in literature under the pseudonym Al. Altaev, Lyudmila shone on the provincial stage for about thirty years, quietly, imperceptibly died within the walls of the Leningrad House of Veterans of the Scene, named after her unforgettable teacher M.G. Savina. In literature, Lyudmila Andreevna performed under the pseudonym Art. Felice: that was the name of the “Ovod” (“Gadfly”) in the novel of the same name by E. Voynich, wrote books from the history of England, Italy, and the Netherlands, small biographies for children about great scientists, inventors, was a co-author of her mother in several works. The manuscript “Aktrisa” (“The Actress”), a fragment of which is offered to readers, has two copies. They are kept in the Altaev Memorial Fund (Coll. 1370) and in the fund of the Altaev Literary Memorial Museum, which is located in the village of Lositsy in the Plyussky district of the Pskov region, in the former Log estate. Lyudmila Yamshchikova herself did not intend for the manuscript “The Actress” to be published, but for those who are engaged in the history of the Russian provincial theater, this material will be very useful both in historical and research terms.

When the Air Became Important: A Social History of the New England and Lancashire Textile Industries by Janet Greenlees (review)

When the Air Became Important: A Social History of the New England and Lancashire Textile Industries by Janet Greenlees (review)

:Two Houses, Two Kingdoms: A History of France and England, 1100–1300

:<i>Two Houses, Two Kingdoms: A History of France and England, 1100–1300</i>

The First Work on Oliver Cromwell in Georgia

In 2022, the publishing house “Logos” published the book “Oliver Cromwell. Puri-tan, Captain, Statesmen” (441 pages) by Ivane Menteshashvili, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Fellow International Napoleonic Society. Ivane Manteshashvili is a Georgian historian, senior scientist at the Georgian National Museum, asso-ciate professor at the University of Georgia, and simultaneous interpreter and poetry translator in Georgian historiography, Iv. Menteshashvili is well-known through his research and works on the history of England and France, mainly: “History of En-gland, “Love and Power. Elizabeth I Tudor”, “Napoleon,” Cardinal Richelieu”- in Georgian, “The Falkland Islands. History of the Conflict,” “Power and Hero. Na-poleon Bonapart,” “Transcaucasia in British Russian Competition in 1880-1914,” “The Contiguity of Civilization of the Western and the Eastern Civilizations During the Activity of the British East India Company in India” -in Russian, etc. By the way, Professor Ivane Menteshashvili partly dealt with Oliver Cromwell in his book “Power and the Heroes Born of Revolution” (in Russian), where he gives portraits of three historical persons: Cromwell, Napoleon, and Stalin.

Archbishop Wulfstan of York and the Danish Conquest of 1016

Abstract Wulfstan, archbishop of York (1002–1023) and bishop of Worcester (1002–1016), occupies a pre-eminent place in the political history of eleventh-century England, yet surprisingly little is known of his life and career. The consequences of this ignorance are particularly acute for the years surrounding the Danish Conquest of 1016. The upheavals of this period led Wulfstan to compose his most well-known homily, the Sermo lupi ad Anglos (1014), resign from the see of Worcester (1016), and transfer his loyalty from the English king Æthelred to the Danish conqueror Cnut. Yet while the years 1013 to 1018 left discernible traces in Wulfstan’s thought, the particular circumstances that produced these traces can be perceived only dimly. The means by which Wulfstan maintained his status through the years of conquest are significant for more than just their impact on his career and evolving political vision. While his role as a leading legislator during the reigns of both Æthelred and Cnut has been taken as evidence that he managed to emerge from the Conquest relatively unscathed, Wulfstan’s influence at the royal court during these years was inconsistent at best and his success in navigating the change in power was not inevitable. Wulfstan’s approach to the complicated politics of the Conquest thus provides a useful case-study of the various ways in which the Church, its leaders as much as its institutions, balanced competing allegiances to king and conqueror.

Hanley, &lt;em&gt;Two Houses, Two Kingdoms: A History of France and England, 1100&amp;ndash;1300&lt;/em&gt; (London: Yale University Press, 2022)

Review of: Catherine Hanley, Two Houses, Two Kingdoms: A History of France and England, 1100–1300 (London: Yale University Press, 2022)

Laura Carter, Histories of everyday life. The making of popular social history in Britain, 1918-1979

Laura Carter, Histories of everyday life. The making of popular social history in Britain, 1918-1979