Histopathological Changes In Spleen Research Articles

Effects of humic acid and organic acids supplements on performance, meat quality, leukocyte count, and histopathological changes in spleen and liver of broiler chickens

The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of Humic Acid (HA), Organic Acids (OA), and their combination (HAOA) on the growth performance, meat quality, leukocyte count, and histopathological changes in the liver and spleen of broiler chickens. A total of 2100 one-day-old mix-sexed broiler chickens were randomly divided into 4 groups with 5 replicates per treatment using 105 birds per pen (pen is used as an experimental unit). Treatments were: 1) Control (basal diet without additives), 2) Basal diet +0.1% HA, 3) Basel diet +0.1% HA+ 0.02% OA, 4) Basel diet +0.02% OA. Growth performance was not significantly affected by all dietary treatments during the experiment period. Sensory evaluation of breast meat indicated a significant positive response for color and smell corresponding to treatment 2) Basal diet +0.1% HA and treatment 3) Basel diet +0.1% HA+ 0.02% OA (P < 0.05). Birds receiving HA and HAOA developed fewer hepatic lesions compared to the control group (P < 0.05) and showed normal spleen structure with the extension of the white pulp area. Supplementation of HAOA corresponds to a lower heterophil to lymphocyte (H/L) ratio. The combination of HA and OA improves sensory attributes of cooked breast meat, H/L ratio, and preserves the histological structure of the spleen and liver of broiler chickens. HAOA can be recommended as a combined feed additive to improve broiler chickens' health.

Histopathological Effects of Prazosin Drug on Lung of Rats

This study was conducted at the laboratory of histology and anatomy, Faculty of Medical and Health Techniques/Kufa, and laboratory of post Graduate/ Department of biology, Faculty of Science/University of Kufa, The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of Prazosin hydrochloride on some organs in male rats (Rattus norvegicus), about 25 mature male rats with the average body weight of 210-290gram and three months age were randomly divided into four groups (5rats / group). The first group was given orally with distilled water as a control group and the other groups (second, third, and fourth) were also given orally with three doses of Prazosin (25, 50,75 mg /kg. b.wt.) daily for a period of eight weeks. At the end of the treatment period (eight weeks), rats were sacrificed, blood samples obtained, and organs lung, and spleen. The histopathological changes of lungs in the rats treated with prazosin at dose 25 mg/kg.b.wt for 8-weeks showed emphysema and dilation in some of the alveoli, hemorrhage distributed inside the tissue of the lung, polymorphic nuclear infiltration due to pneumonia, the pulmonary artery revealed degenerative changes in the tunica media structure (smooth muscle) and hyperplasia in the connective tissue around pulmonary artery and alveoli. These symptoms which occur in rats treated with prazosin at dose 50 and 75 mg/kg b.wt. as well as the histopathological changes of rat lung demonstrate severe hemorrhage, emphysema, thickening in the wall of some alveoli, pneumocyte necrosis (pneumocyte type 1 and pneumocyte type 2), and showed exudate among lung tissue. Histopathological changes of Spleen in the rats treated with prazosin at doses(50 and75)mg/kg b.w. for 8-weeks revealed histopathological changes, which represented by proliferation in the white pulp lead to fused white pulp together and destruction of some components of red pulp, stenosis in many splenic venous sinuses, the germinal artery show thickening in the tunica media and stenosis occurs, degenerative change in many nuclei of lymphocytes, and proliferation in the component of the white pulp.

A C21-Steroidal Glycoside from Cynanchum atratum Attenuates Concanavalin A-Induced Liver Injury in Mice.

Cynatratoside A (CyA) is a C21 Steroidal glycoside with pregnane skeleton isolated from the root of Cynanchum atratum Bunge (Asclepiadaceae). This study aimed to investigate the effects of CyA on concanavalin A (Con A)-induced autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and the underlying mechanism. CyA was orally administered to mice at 10 and 40 mg/kg 8 h before and 1 h after Con A treatment. The effects of CyA on Con A-induced spleen and liver in mice were assessed via histopathological changes, T lymphocyte amounts and the expressions of IL-1β and ICAM-1. Con A-induced L-02 hepatocytes were used to evaluate whether CyA (0.1–10 μM) can directly protect hepatocytes from cytotoxicity and the possible mechanism. The results revealed that CyA treatment could significantly improve the histopathological changes of spleen and liver, reduce the proliferation of splenic T lymphocytes, and decrease the expressions of IL-1β and ICAM-1 in liver. The experiment in vitro showed that CyA inhibited Con A-induced hepatotoxicity in a concentration-dependent manner. CyA (10 μM) significantly increased/decreased the expression of Bcl-2/Bax and reduced the levels of cleaved caspases-9 and -3. Our study demonstrated for the first time that CyA has a significant protective effect on Con A-induced AIH by inhibiting the activation and adhesion of T lymphocytes and blocking hepatocyte apoptosis.

Immunotoxic and genotoxic potential of arsenic and its chemical species in goats

The study investigated the immunotoxic and genotoxic effect of arsenic and its different species on goats. It was found that arsenic causes haematological crisis. Histopathological changes in spleen and reduced serum immunoglobulin G level without any changes in formazan production in arsenic-treated animals indicated that arsenic is toxic to the humoral immune system. Increased caspase-3 production and higher number of TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling)-positive bone marrow cells along with oligonucleosomal DNA fragmentation on agarose gel suggested apoptosis induction by arsenic in the bone marrow cells of goat. Total arsenic concentration in the plasma, bone marrow, and spleen of the exposed group was, respectively, 1.22 ± 0.11, 2.20 ± 0.21, and 3.39 ± 0.14 ppm. Speciation study revealed that arsenite and organoarsenic were the major arsenic species in these samples, suggesting their role in immunotoxic and genotoxic potential in goats.

Low Selenium Diet Alters Cell Cycle Phase, Apoptotic Population and Modifies Oxidative Stress Markers of Spleens in Broilers

The purpose of this 42-day study was to investigate the effects of low selenium (Se) on histopathological changes of spleen, cell cycle and apoptosis of splenocytes, and oxidative status of the spleen. One hundred twenty 1-day-old avian broilers were randomly divided into two groups of 60 each and were fed on a low Se diet (0.0342 mg/kg Se) or a control diet (0.2 mg/kg Se), respectively. The weight and relative weight of the spleen were significantly decreased in the low Se group when compared with those of the control group. Histopathologically, splenic lesions in low-Se chicken were characterized by lymphocyte depletion and congestion of red pulp. As measured by flow cytometry, splenocytes in G(0)/G(1) phase were significantly increased, while splenocytes in S phase and G(2) + M phase were obviously decreased in the low Se group. The percentage of apoptotic splenocytes was greatly increased in the low Se group when compared with that of control group. At the same time, the occurrence frequencies of apoptotic splenocytes was markedly increased in the low Se group with the appearance of condensed nucleus ultrastructurally. Oxidative stress in the spleens of the low Se group was evidenced by decrease in glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities and increase in malondialdehyde contents. The results showed that low Se diet intake caused increased apoptosis, arrested cell cycle, and obvious oxidative stress, which provided a possible pathway for the injured structure and immune function of the spleen in chickens.

Expression of NALP3 in the spleen of mice with portal hypertension

This study examined the mRNA expression of NALP3 in the spleen of the mice with hypersplenism due to portal hypertension (PH). The mouse hypersplenism models were established by oral administration of tetrachloromethane (2 mL/kg/week for 12 weeks by oral gavage). All the mice were randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group. The blood routine test was conducted, spleen index was calculated and spleen was histologically examined. Portal vein sera were taken for detection of the level of uric acid. The mRNA expressions of NALP3 and IL-1beta in the spleen were detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The results showed that the platelet count was significantly lower in the experimental group [(674 + or - 102) x 10(9)/L] than in the control group [(1307 + or - 181) x 10(9)/L] (P<0.05), while the spleen index was significantly higher [(9.83 + or - 1.36) microg/g] in the experimental group than in the control group [(4.11 + or - 0.47) microg/g] (P<0.05). The histopathological changes of spleen followed the pattern of congestive splenomegaly. No significant difference was found in the uric acid level in the portal vein between the control group and the experiment group. The mRNA expressions of NALP3 and IL-1beta were up-regulated significantly in the spleen in the experimental group as compared with those in the control group (P<0.05). It was concluded that NALP3 and IL-1beta may play important roles in the pathogenesis of hypersplenism.

Effect Of Colchicine On The Histology Of Spleen And Testis Of Albino Rats

The aim of this work is to study the effect of colchicine administration on the histology of spleen and testis of albino rat. Colchicine was given in a daily dose of 3mg/kg body weight for five days. Animals were sacrificed at 1, 4 and 7 days following treatment. Histopathological studies of the spleen and testis were undertaken. Histological examination of spleen showed that colchicine caused histopathological changes in spleen manifested by massive haemorrhage, highly expanded red pulps accompanied by reduced white pulps with multi small degenerated areas, disturbed architecture, degenerated areas wer occupied by the hemorrhagic areas, prominent haemosiderin deposition, increased number of megakaryocytes in red pulp and subcapsular edema. These histopathological changes depend on the duration of colchicine intake. Histological examination of the testis one, four and seven days post treatment with colchicine showed dilatation and congestion of interstitial blood vessels, moderate degeneration of spermatogoneal cells, debris of spermatozoa could be detected in the lumen of the seminiferous tubules. The testis also suffered from interstitial edema with signs of fatty degeneration and degeneration of spermatogoneal cells lining some seminferous tubules. Complete destruction with hypocellularity in the spermatogenic layers in some seminiferous tubules and others contained only the debris of germ cells and disturbed nuclei of spermatogoneal cells with appearance of giant cells with highly reduced number of Leydig cells which contained pyknotic nuclei were also noticed in some examined sections. These results indicate that colchicine is considered as a toxic drug to the spleen and testis at double therapeutic doses as indicated by the histological changes.

Immunotoxicity of cupravit and previcur fungicides in mice

Female mice received either cupravit or previcur at dose levels of 300 ppm and 1000 ppm, respectively, for 8 weeks. Humoral immune response was evaluated by measuring the plaque-forming cell (PFC) response and hemolysing antibody titers against sheep red blood cells (SRBCs), a T lymphocyte-dependent antigen. In addition, the hemagglutinating antibody titers against Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a T cell-independent antigen, were determined. Both cupravit and previcur suppressed the PFC response by 74% and 78% of control values, respectively. The primary hemolysin antibody titers were reduced to 62% and 76% of control values, respectively. The hemagglutinating antibody titers were decreased to 66% and 77% of control values, respectively. Memory function was reduced as evidenced by inhibition of secondary hemolysin titers to SRBCs. Cell-mediated immunity was inhibited by both cupravit and previcur as evidenced by reduced delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction to tuberculin to 77% and 76% of control values, respectively. Decreases in total leukocytic and lymphocytic counts were recorded together with histopathological changes in spleen and thymus gland of intoxicated animals.

Haemolytic activity and nephrotoxicity of 2‐hydroxy‐1,4‐naphthoquinone in rats

The short-term toxicity of 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (lawsone) and 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (menadione) has been compared in rats. 2-Methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone has been shown previously to cause haemolytic anaemia in animals, and this was confirmed in the present experiment. 2-Hydroxyl-1,4-naphthoquinone was found also to cause haemolysis, in a dose-dependent manner, as reflected by decreased blood packed cell volumes and haemoglobin levels and by histopathological changes in spleen, liver and kidney. With both naphthoquinones, the haemolysis was of the oxidative type, characterized by the presence of Heinz bodies within erythrocytes. Haemolysis was the only toxic change identified in rats dosed with 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone. In contrast, 2-hydroxyl-1,4-naphthoquinone was not only a haemolytic agent but also a nephrotoxin, causing renal enlargement, elevated plasma levels of urea and creatinine and histologically-identified tubular necrosis, largely confined to the distal segment of the proximal convoluted tubules. The relationship between the in vivo toxic effects of these naphthoquinones and previously-reported data on their in vitro cytotoxic action is discussed.