Skin Histology Research Articles

Facile fabrication of degradable, serrated polyethylene diacrylate microneedles using stereolithography

Microneedles have the potential for minimally invasive drug delivery. However, they are constrained by absence of rapid, scalable fabrication methods to produce intricate arrays and serrations for enhanced adhesion. 3D printing techniques like stereolithography (SLA) are fast, scalable modalities but SLAs require non-degradable and stiff resins. This work attempts to overcome this limitation by utilizing a poly (ethylene glycol diacrylate) (PEGDA, F3) resin and demonstrating its compatibility with a commercial SLA printer. FESEM images showed high printing efficiency of customized bioinks (F3) similar to commercial resins using SLA 3D printer. Mechanical endurance tests of whole MNA showed that MNs array printed from F3 resin (485 ± 5.73 N) required considerably less force than commercial F1 resin (880 ± 32.4 N). Penetration performance of F1 and F3 was found to be 10.8 ± 2.06 N and 0.705 ± 0.03 N. In-vitro degradation study in PBS showed that MNs fabricated from F3 resin exhibited degradation after 7 days, which was not observed with the commercial F1 resin provided by the manufacturer. The histology of porcine skin exhibited formation of triangular pores with pore length of 548 μm and efficient penetration into the deeper dermal layer. In conclusion, PEGDA can be used as for fabricating degradable, serrated solid MNs over commercial resin.

Challenges in Diagnosis and Management of SLE in Africa: An Online Survey.

We surveyed African physicians about challenges in diagnosis and management of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We used a cross-sectional, online questionnaire-based survey of African specialist physicians on availability of laboratory tests, medications, and specialized services for the diagnosis of SLE. Our 226 respondents from 31 countries were dermatologists (38%), rheumatologists (28%), and nephrologists (23%), the majority practicing at university/state-funded hospitals (80.8%), but over half of patients (59.6%) were self-funded for laboratory tests and medications. Antinuclear antibody (ANA), antiphospholipid antibody, and complement tests were available to 79.4%, 67.6%, and 62.3% of respondents, respectively, but fewer in the East and West African regions. Median turnaround time for the ANA test was within two weeks but more than four weeks for 5.6% of respondents, and longer in West Africa compared with other regions (P = 0.0002). Availability of urine protein-to-creatinine test, skin and renal histopathology was 82%, 82.5%, and 76.2%, respectively. Median turnaround times were within one to two weeks, but more than four weeks for 13.8% of respondents for skin histology results and usually within four weeks but more than four weeks for 24.5% of respondents for renal histology. Glucocorticoids and antimalarials were readily available across all regions, with variable availability of immunosuppressants from 93.7% for methotrexate to 65% for calcineurin inhibitors and only 58.4% for the biologic rituximab. Intensive care units/high care facilities, hemodialysis, and renal transplantation were available to 69.8%, 91.9%, and 56.5% of respondents, respectively. Variable availability of laboratory tests, medications, and supportive services coupled with cost constraints are major impediments to early diagnosis and optimal management of SLE in most of Africa and are likely factors contributing to underreporting and poor prognosis of SLE in Africa.

Characterization of Endothelial Cell Subclusters in Localized Scleroderma Skin with Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Identifies NOTCH Signaling Pathway

Localized scleroderma (LS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation and fibrosis, leading to severe cutaneous manifestations such as skin hardening, tightness, discoloration, and other textural changes that may result in disability. While LS shares similar histopathologic features and immune-fibroblast interactions with systemic sclerosis (SSc), its molecular mechanisms remain understudied. Endothelial cells (EC) are known to play a crucial role in SSc but have not been investigated in LS. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) now allows for detailed examination of this cell type in the primary organ of interest for scleroderma, the skin. In this study, we analyzed skin-isolated cells from 27 LS patients (pediatric and adult) and 17 healthy controls using scRNA-seq. Given the known role of EC damage as an initial event in SSc and the histologic and clinical skin similarities to LS, we focused primarily on endothelial cells. Our analysis identified eight endothelial subclusters within the dataset, encompassing both disease and healthy samples. Interaction analysis revealed that signaling from diseased endothelial cells was predicted to promote fibrosis through SELE interaction with FGFBP1 and other target genes. We also observed high levels of JAG in arterial endothelial cells and NOTCH in capillary endothelial cells, indicating the activation of a signaling pathway potentially responsible for epidermal abnormalities and contributing to LS pathogenesis. In summary, our scRNA-seq analysis identified potential disease-propagating endothelial cell clusters with upregulated pathways in LS skin, highlighting their importance in disease progression.

Skin lesion segmentation using deep learning algorithm with ant colony optimization

BackgroundSegmentation of skin lesions remains essential in histological diagnosis and skin cancer surveillance. Recent advances in deep learning have paved the way for greater improvements in medical imaging. The Hybrid Residual Networks (ResUNet) model, supplemented with Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), represents the synergy of these improvements aimed at improving the efficiency and effectiveness of skin lesion diagnosis.ObjectiveThis paper seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of the Hybrid ResUNet model for skin lesion classification and assess its impact on optimizing ACO performance to bridge the gap between computational efficiency and clinical utility.MethodsThe study used a deep learning design on a complex dataset that included a variety of skin lesions. The method includes training a Hybrid ResUNet model with standard parameters and fine-tuning using ACO for hyperparameter optimization. Performance was evaluated using traditional metrics such as accuracy, dice coefficient, and Jaccard index compared with existing models such as residual network (ResNet) and U-Net.ResultsThe proposed hybrid ResUNet model exhibited excellent classification accuracy, reflected in the noticeable improvement in all evaluated metrics. His ability to describe complex lesions was particularly outstanding, improving diagnostic accuracy. Our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed Hybrid ResUNet model outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods, achieving an accuracy of 95.8%, a Dice coefficient of 93.1%, and a Jaccard index of 87.5.ConclusionThe addition of ResUNet to ACO in the proposed Hybrid ResUNet model significantly improves the classification of skin lesions. This integration goes beyond traditional paradigms and demonstrates a viable strategy for deploying AI-powered tools in clinical settings.Future workFuture investigations will focus on increasing the version's abilities by using multi-modal imaging information, experimenting with alternative optimization algorithms, and comparing real-world medical applicability. There is also a promising scope for enhancing computational performance and exploring the model's interpretability for more clinical adoption.

Scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy of tongue, fingers, toes, nuptial pad, and humeral gland in Sylvirana nigrovittata (Anura: Ranidae)

The micromorphology and histology of anuran skin, particularly in Thai species, remain relatively understudied. Anurans use their tongues for prey capture and their hands and feet for adhesion and mating, suggesting a close relationship between micro-surface features and histological structure. Information on Sylvirana nigrovittata is particularly limited. This study provides a detailed examination of the micro-surface and histological characteristics of the tongue, fingers, toes, nuptial pad, and humeral gland in S. nigrovittata. Specimens collected from Phu Luang Wildlife Sanctuary in Loei province, northeastern Thailand, were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for micro-surface features and H&E staining for histological details. SEM micrographs revealed that the tongue was cordate-shaped, with about 75% of its surface covered by filiform papillae and 25% by fungiform papillae housing taste buds. Filiform papillae were trapezoidal, averaging 23.88±5.68 µm in width and 38.83±6.57 µm in length, while fungiform papillae were disc-like, averaging 52.95±14.64 µm in width and 66.70±15.88 µm in length. Digital pads on fingers and toes presented prismatic cells, with fingertip cells averaging 7.09±0.97 µm in width and 11.81±1.24 µm in length, and toe cells averaging 8.40±1.37 µm in width and 11.28±1.63 µm in length. Subdigital surfaces were smoother, containing squamous cells with dimensions of 10.65±3.21 µm in width and 21.29±4.35 µm in length. Subarticular tubercles were composed of prismatic cells with hexagonal or pentagonal surfaces, averaging 10.02±2.85 µm in width and 13.08±1.94 µm in length. Nuptial pad displayed cylindrical structures with dome-like tips, averaging 24.01±3.96 µm in width and 21.16±4.37 µm in length, and feature mucous openings. They consisted of a thick keratinized stratified squamous epithelium and a dense dermis with specialized mucous glands. Humeral gland exhibited rough surfaces with squamous cells and microridges, showing both small and large mucous openings, with average cell dimensions of 16.23±1.70 µm in width and 19.11±2.05 µm in length. Histological analysis confirmed that these structures were predominantly composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, with variations in dermal collagen density and mucous gland distribution. This study enhances our understanding of the skin and gland morphology in S. nigrovittata, highlighting on its anatomical and functional adaptations.

Morphological analysis of wound healing with the use of aloe extract, hydrogel and their combination (experimental research)

BACKGROUND: Currently, there remains a high incidence of skin damage due to trauma, chronic diseases, burns, so it is important to study the issues of regeneration and treatment of skin wounds. AIM: Conduct a morphological analysis of wound healing when using aloe extract, hydrogel and their combination in the experiment. METHODS:. The subjects of the study were 40 mature guinea pigs, which were divided into control and 4 experimental groups (independent wound healing, application of aloe extract, hydrosorb gel, layer-by-layer application of drugs). Histological skin preparations were prepared on days 7, 14, and 28 of the experiment. In each microslide, in 10 fields of view of the microscope at a magnification of x50, morphometric parameters were measured in micrometers (µm): the thickness of the purulent-necrotic scab, inflammatory (leukocyte) infiltrate, granulation tissue, the length of the newly formed epithelium on days 7, 14; the thickness of the epithelium, its length and the thickness of the connective tissue in the central part of the regenerate on the 28th day. All data were subjected to statistical processing. RESULTS: The use of drugs led to a decrease in the inflammatory reaction, acceleration of the formation of granulation tissue, and partial epithelization of the wound by the 7th day of the experiment, however, more pronounced signs of wound healing were observed with layer-by-layer application of aloe extract and hydrogel. The use of medications, regardless of the method of application, showed signs of more effective wound healing by day 14. Thus, the length of the epithelium increased by 1.2-1.6 times, the depth of granulation tissue by 1-1.2 times compared to the control. By the end of the experiment, all animals had complete closure of the wound defect with the formation of a scar, but in the experimental groups of the study there were signs of remodeling of the skin with appendages. CONCLUSION: Morphological analysis showed that the use of aloe extract, hydrosorb gel and their combination accelerates the wound healing processes of full-thickness skin wounds in the experiment.

Oral magnesium reduces levels of pathogenic autoantibodies and skin disease in murine lupus

BackgroundSystemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) has a strong genetic susceptibility, but little is known about the impact of diet on disease severity. The Western diet is typically deficient in magnesium (Mg), and given the immunomodulatory effects of Mg, we hypothesized that the low Mg intake increases disease risk and that increasing Mg intake would reduce severity of murine lupus. Here, we placed 12-week old MRL/lpr female lupus mice on a normal (Mg500) or a high (Mg2800) Mg diet for 9 weeks. Urine and blood were collected during the study for quantification of urinary albumin, BUN, anti-dsDNA antibodies, and immune phenotyping.ResultsMRL/lpr lupus mice on high Mg2800 diet had significantly fewer skin lesions and less severe skin histology score, and reduced levels of pathogenic anti-dsDNA antibodies, compared with the Mg500 group (143.8±75.0 vs. 47.4±36.2 × 106U/ml; P < 0.05). The high Mg2800 group had a nearly two-fold increase in the percentage of CD4+FOXP3+ Treg cells compared to controls (19.9±5.4 vs. 11.4±5.5%; P < 0.05). Treg percentages inversely correlated with the concentration of anti-dsDNA. None of the mice developed arthritis during the observation period and there were no significant differences in weight, proteinuria, BUN or kidney histology.ConclusionIn conclusion, oral supplementation of Mg has a protective effect in a murine lupus model and may represent an inexpensive and safe adjuvant in the treatment of SLE.

Histology of skin, gill, liver, and kidney of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus exposed by azo dyes acid red 88.

Abstract Coloring is one of the main process in textile production. Using azo dyes type are the first pick of textile industries. Therefore, the disposal of dye waste containing high levels of azo can increase the toxicity level also impact the fish. Acid Red 88 is an azo type dye which provides a red color as the basic color for coloring textile products. Acid Red 88 are left behind as much as 60% of textile waste. the textile factories wastewater in Indonesia contains an average of 750 mg/L suspended solids. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of azo dye Acid Red 88 exposure to tilapia by the histology of its skin, gills, liver and kidneys. The method used was experimental method with 4 different exposure concentrations of Acid Red 88 P0 (0 mg/L), P1 (75 mg/L), P2 (150 mg/L), P3 (225 mg/L), and P4 (300 mg/L). The damage is identified on the histology of the organs and then measured using a scoring method. The results showed that several damages were found such as epithelial erosion, edema, hyperplasia, telangectasis, hemorage, fatty degeneration, congestion and necrosis.

Astragaloside IV suppresses the proliferation and inflammatory response of human epidermal keratinocytes and ameliorates imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin damage in mice.

The primary pathological features of psoriasis include excessive epidermal keratinocytes and infiltration of inflammatory cells, which are pivotal targets for psoriasis therapy. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV), the principal active compound of astragalus, exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immune-modulatory properties. This study aims to investigate AS-IV's anti--psoriatic effects and underlying mechanisms. Normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) were stimulated with a combination of TNF-α, IL-17A, IL-1α, IL-22, and oncostatin M (M5) to replicate psoriatic keratinocyte pathology in vitro. Cell proliferation was assessed using CCK8 and EDU staining. Pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were measured via qRT-PCR. In addition, an imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis mouse model was utilized. Skin histology changes were evaluated with HE staining, while IL-6 and TNF-α levels in mouse serum were quantified using ELISA. NF-κB pathway protein expression was analyzed by western blotting. The results demonstrated that AS-IV inhibited M5-induced proliferation of NHEKs. AS-IV reduced M5-stimulated IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IL-23, and MCP-1 expression in NHEKs. Moreover, M5-induced phosphorylation of IκBα and p65 was significantly attenuated by AS-IV. Furthermore, AS-IV application ameliorated erythema, scale formation, and epidermal thickening in IMQ-induced psoriasis-like mouse models. AS-IV also decreased IL-6 and TNF-α levels in mouse serum and inhibited IκBα and p65 phosphorylation in skin tissues. However, prostratin treatment reversed these effects. These findings underscore AS-IV's capacity to mitigate M5-induced NHEK proliferation and inflammation. AS-IV shows promise in alleviating IMQ-induced psoriasis-like skin lesions and inflammation by suppressing the NF-κB pathway.

Silicone dressing combined with topical oxygen therapy alleviates incontinence-associated dermatitis via NF-κB p65/STAT1 signaling pathway.

Incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) is a tough problem in clinical settings, not only increasing the risk of complications like catheter-related urinary tract infections and pressure ulcers in elderly and critically ill patients, but also prolonging hospital stays, raising hospital costs, and possibly leading to medical disputes. This study is aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of silicone dressing combined with topical oxygen therapy on IAD in a rat model. An IAD rat model induced by synthetic urine with trypsin was established. Hematoxylin & eosin staining was carried out to examine skin histology. Using immunofluorescence, the microvessel density in the affected skin tissues was determined. ELISA was performed to measure the concentrations of inflammatory cytokines and angiogenic factors in serum. The mRNA expression of EGF, PDGF, and VEGF was detected via qRT-PCR. Western blotting was employed to determine NF-κB p65/STAT1 pathway-related protein levels. Compared to single therapy, silicone dressing combined with topical oxygen therapy could significantly reduce the severity of IAD, improve skin histology, inhibit inflammation, and promote angiogenesis in IAD rat models. Additionally, the results showed that relatively speaking, the combined therapy suppressed the NF-κB p65/STAT1 signaling pathway more effectively. These findings indicated that silicone dressing combined with topical oxygen therapy can alleviate IAD through promoting wound healing and inhibiting inflammation via NF-κB p65/STAT1 signaling pathway in a rat model, which provided a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of IAD in clinic.

Study of Histological Skin Structure of Python reticulatus and Varanus salvator

Reptile skin is covered with scales that form a protective barrier, making it waterproof and enabling life on land. The present study investigated the histological structure of the skin of the Python reticulatus and Varanus salvator. The samples used were Python reticulatus and Varanus salvator skin taken from the dorsal region. Preparations were made using the hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining method which was carried out at the Microbiology of the leather processing technology, Politeknik ATK Yogyakarta. The results showed that the histological structure of Python reticulatus skin consisted of two layers, epidermis and dermis. The epidermis was composed of stratum corneum, stratum granulosum, and stratum basale. The dermis consists of an outer layer called the stratum laxum (stratum spongiosum) and an inner layer called the stratum compactum. Meanwhile, the histological skin structure of Varanus salvator skin consists of epidermis which included oberhautchen, α-keratin layer, β-keratin layer, supra basale layer, and basale layer. The dermis consists of superficial dermis and deep dermis. There are differences between Python reticulatus skin that is distinguished by its ability to ecydis (skin shedding) the epidermis and Varanus salvator skin have osteoderm (OD) within their dermis layer

The Role of Vitamin A on the Histology of Skin of Adult Rats After Eposure to UVB

Background: long-term eposure of skin to sun (UV light) may produce different dermatological changes. The aim of this eperiment is to eplore the protective effects of oral vitamin A on skin subjected to UVB. Methods: twenty rats were separated into: group 1 (without UVB eposure), group 2 (eposed to single daily increasing dose of UVB for one week), group 3 (eposed to UVB with oral daily administration of vit A 10000 IU for one week), group 4 (received vit A for one week). The daily doses of UVB were respectively 0.24, 0.36, 0.48, 0.6, 0.72, 0.84 and 0.96 J/cm2. Skin samples were stained with hematoylin-eosin and Masson’s trichrome stains, in addition to Melan-A stain for melanocytes. Results: histopathological results in skin of group 2 demonstrated loss of normal architecture with increase in thickness of epidermis, hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis, moreover, skin sections detected increased number of inflammatory cells with damaged hair follicles. The basal layer shows an increase in mitotic division and necrosis, besides, epidermal edema and vascular congestion. Furthermore, collagen fibers were degraded. Immunohistochemical reaction revealed intense positive epression of Melan-A with increased proliferation and activity of melanocytes, while sections of groups 1 and 4 show normal healthy skin and negative Melan-A epression. In contrast, skin of group 3 reveals mild hyperkeratosis with normal keratin layer, in addition, the infiltration of inflammatory cells was dropped and hair follicles were preserved. Collagen bundles were slightly degraded with normal arrangement. Immunohistochemical results of this group show mild positive epression of Melan A. Conclusion: oral administration of vitamin A decreases the toic effect of UVB radiation on skin and reduces its induced pigmentation.

The Effect of Microneedling on Skin Histology: Review of Literature

The Effect of Microneedling on Skin Histology: Review of Literature

ITRAQ-based quantitative proteomics revealing the therapeutic mechanism of a medicinal and edible formula YH0618 in reducing doxorubicin-induced alopecia by targeting keratins and TGF-β/Smad3 pathway

YH0618, a medicinal and edible formulation, has demonstrated the potential to alleviate doxorubicin-induced alopecia in animal studies and clinical trials. However, the mechanisms underlying its therapeutic effects remain unexplored. The objective of this study was to ascertain possible therapeutic targets of YH0618 in the treatment of doxorubicin-induced alopecia. The assessment of hair loss was conducted through the measurement of the proportion of the affected area and the examination of skin histology. Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) in quantitative proteomics was employed to discern proteins that exhibited variable expressions. The major proteins associated with doxorubicin-induced alopecia were identified using gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. The interaction network of the differentially expressed proteins was constructed using the STRING database and the Python software. The study analyzed a total of 3894 proteins extracted from the skin tissue of mice. Doxorubicin treatment resulted in the upregulation of 18 distinct proteins, whereas one differential protein was found to be downregulated. The above effects were reinstated after the administration of the YH0618 therapy. The bioinformatic study revealed that the identified proteins exhibited enrichment in many biological processes, including staphylococcus aureus infection, estrogen signaling route, pyruvate metabolism, chemical carcinogenesis, and PPAR signaling pathway. The results of Western blot revealed that the levels of keratin 81 (Krt81), keratin 34 (Krt34), keratin 33a (Krt33a), and Sma and MAD-related protein 3 (Smad3) were upregulated in response to doxorubicin treatment, and were attenuated by the administration of YH0618. These four proteins are likely to correlate with DOX-induced alopecia and serve as promising therapeutic targets for YH0618. This work presents significant insights and empirical evidence for comprehending the process underlying chemotherapy-induced alopecia, paving the way for exploring innovative therapeutic or preventive strategies employing herbal items.

Prevalence and clinico-pathology of PSOROPTIC mange in buffaloes of the Amazon region

Scabies is an important skin disease in several species of domestic and wild animals; however, few reports in Brazil have emphasized its occurrence in buffaloes. This article describes the epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects and diagnosis of psoroptic mange in buffaloes in a property in the municipality of Castanhal, PA, Amazon region. Of the 41 buffaloes examined, 38 males and females of the Murrah, Baio, Mediterranean and Carabao breeds and their crossbreeds, aged between 2 and 20 years, had a history of pruritus. Clinical examination was performed to map the lesions, skin scrapings were collected to identify the mites, and a biopsy was performed for histopathological examination. Clinical signs, from mild to severe intensity, varied according to the system of creation and handling of the animals and were more severe in buffaloes raised in bays than those raised under a collective regime (pastures and collective troughs). The characteristic clinical signs were intense itching, extensive areas of alopecia, periocular edema, and thickening of the epidermis with exudative crusts covering the face, chamfer, neck, scapular region, back, base of the horn, thoracic and pelvic limbs and chest. The behavior of rubbing the affected regions of the body against structures (troughs, fence posts, gates) or with the horns was frequently observed and provided relief from itching. In the most severe cases, mites were also noted in the crusts, which were identified as Psoroptes natalensis. Histological skin lesions exhibited alterations consistent with immune-mediated dermatitis, which is typical of hypersensitivity to mite-derived allergens.

Anti-Toxic Principles from Musa Sapientum and Moringa Oleifera Ameliorated Skin Histo-Pathology, Decreased Lipid Peroxidation and Promoted Melatonin/TNF-Alpha/p53-Mediated Apoptosis in Cadmium Chloride-Induced Carcinogenesis in Rats

This study evaluated anticancer potentials of Musa sapientum (MS) and Moringa oleifera (MO) in cadmium chloride (CdCl2)-induced skin and liver carcinogenesis. Musa sapientum fraction-1 (MSF1) and Moringa oleifera fraction-6 (MOF6) were extracted from MS suckers and MO leaves, respectively, using column-chromatography methods. Forty-five adult male rats were randomly divided into 11 groups (n = 5). Cancer-induction was via single intraperitoneal administration of 1.25 mg/kg CdCl2. Groups 1 and 2 received physiological saline and CdCl2 dose, respectively. Groups 3–5 received CdCl2 dose on day 1 but were post-treated on days 15–56 with 15 mg/kg MOF6, 30 mg/kg MOF6 and 10 mg/kg MSF1, respectively. Group 6 received CdCl2dose on day 1 and were post-treated on days 15– 28 with doxorubicin + cisplatin doses. Groups 7–9 received MOF6 dose and MSF1 dose, respectively (days 1–56). Groups 10 and 11 received CdCl2dose on day 1 and were posttreated with 30 mg/kg MOF6 and 10 mg/kg MSF1, respectively (days 1–56). Doxorubicin and extracts doses were administered orally. Skin histo-pathology (haematoxylin and eosin), sera melatonin and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFa) (enzyme linked immunosorbent assays [ELISA]) levels were evaluated. Malondialdehyde (thiobarbituric acid assay) and p53 (ELISA) levels were evaluated in liver homogenates. Data were statistically analysed using ANOVA at p ≤ 0.05. Results showed skin histo-alterations in Group 2, compared with normal skin histology in Groups 1 and 3–11. Statistical analyses showed significant downregulation of p53, non-significant downregulations of malondialdehyde and TNFa, and non-significant upregulation of melatonin in Groups 3–11 compared with Group 2. Overall, post-treatments with MOF6 and MSF1 exhibited possible anticancer potentials of these plants extracts via degrees of amelioration of CdCl2-induced skin histo-pathology and carcinogenesis.

O22 Unravelling the pathophysiology of KLICK syndrome to identify therapeutically targetable pathways

Abstract Introduction and aims Keratosis linearis with ichthyosis congenita and sclerosing keratoderma (KLICK) syndrome is an ultrarare genodermatosis associated with a homozygous pathogenic variant, c.-95delC in POMP, which encodes for proteasome maturation protein. Clinical manifestations include linear hyperkeratotic papules in the flexures, palmoplantar keratoderma and pseudoainhum. The pathophysiology of KLICK syndrome is poorly understood, resulting in nonspecific, limited treatment options. The aim of this work is to characterize KLICK syndrome at the cellular and molecular level, with the utilization of transcriptomic techniques for potential drug repurposing. Methods A lesional skin biopsy was obtained, following informed consent, from a 32-year-old female patient with KLICK syndrome. Histology and immunostaining were used to characterize the disrupted skin architecture. RNA sequencing was used to identify key dysregulated pathways and the L1000FWD reverse transcriptomics tool enabled the generation of a shortlist of potential therapeutics for KLICK syndrome. CRISPR editing techniques and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) reprogramming Methods were used to generate cellular based models carrying the pathogenic POMP variant in order to support evaluation of the shortlisted therapeutic options. Results KLICK syndrome skin histology featured hyperkeratosis, hypergranulosis and delayed cellular flattening. Consistent with pathological features, pathway analysis of transcriptomic data revealed keratinocyte differentiation and epidermis development as key upregulated pathways in KLICK syndrome. Interestingly, the Panther pathway analysis tool suggested dysregulation in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signalling, and reverse transcriptomics identified erlotinib, an EGFR inhibitor, as a potential therapeutic treatment for KLICK syndrome. HaCaT keratinocytes were successfully edited using CRISPR-Cas9 to carry the KLICK patient POMP variant and a KLICK patient iPSC line was generated to support in vitro KLICK syndrome modelling. Conclusions KLICK syndrome is a hyperproliferative inflammatory skin disorder associated with a pathogenic variant in POMP. Reverse transcriptomics is a useful tool for shortlisting drugs with biologically relevant mechanisms of action with potential for treatment of rare genetic diseases such as KLICK syndrome.

Anatomy and Histology of the Human Skin and Hair on Thematic Badges

This article presents materials conducted by the author of a study concerning the representation in phaleristics, on thematic, anatomical and histological badges, drawings, the structure of the skin and its elements, as well as human hair and its structure. The text part of the article is supplemented, as illustrations, with screenshot copies, both color and black and white, depicting human skin and hair, in the total number of 48 screenshot-copies.

Exploring the therapeutic potential of allogeneic amniotic membrane for quality wound healing in rabbit model.

The amniotic membrane (AM) has shown immense potential in repairing wounds due to its great regenerative qualities. Although the role of AM as a biological scaffold in repairing wounds has been studied well, the tissue regenerative potential of AM-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and conditioned media (CM) derived from it remains to be discovered as of now. Here, we examined the wound healing abilities of fresh and frozen thawed rabbit AM (rAM) along with the MSCs and their lyophilised CM in rabbits challenged with skin wounds. To elucidate the role of rAM-MSCs and its CM in repairing the wound, we isolated itfrom the freshly derived placenta and characterised their differentiation potential by performing an in vitro tri-lineage differentiation assay besides other standard confirmations. We compared the wound repair capacities of rAM-MSCs and lyophilised CM with the fresh and cryopreserved AM at different timelines by applying them to excision wounds created in rabbits. By monitoring wound contractions and tissue histology of wounded skin at different time points after the application, we observed that rAM-MSCs and rAM-MSC-derived CM significantly promoted wound closure compared to the control group. We also observed that the wound closure capacity of rAM-MSCs and rAM-MSC-derived CM is as efficient as fresh and cryopreserved rAM. Our findings suggest that rAM-MSCs and rAM-MSC derived CM can be effectively used to treat skin wounds in animals and correctly delivered to the damaged tissue using AM as a bioscaffold, either fresh or frozen.

The WD Domain of Atg16l1 Crucial for LC3-Associated Phagocytosis Is Not Required for Preserving Skin Barrier Function in Mice

The skin is a multifunctional organ, forming a barrier between the external and internal environment, thereby functioning as a safeguard against extrinsic factors. Autophagy has been implicated in epidermal differentiation and in preserving skin homeostasis. LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP) uses some but not all components of autophagy. The Atg16l1 ( WD) mouse model lacks the WD40 domain required for LAP and has been widely used to study the effects of LAP deficiency and autophagy on tissue homeostasis and response to infection. In this study, the WD model was used to study the relationship between LAP and skin homeostasis by determining whether LAP-deficient mice display a cutaneous phenotype. Skin histology of wild-type and WD mice aged 1 year revealed minor morphological differences in the tail skin dermal layer. RT-qPCR and western blot analysis showed no differences in key keratin expression between genotypes. Skin barrier formation, assessed by dye permeation assays, demonstrated full and proper formation of the skin barrier at embryonic day 18.5 in both genotypes. Biomechanical analysis of the skin showed decreased skin elasticity in aged WD but not wild-type mice. In summary, the LAP-deficient WD mice displayed subtle alterations in dermal histology and age-related biomechanical changes.