Histological Pattern Of Tumor Research Articles

Oesophageal cancer in Bahrain

ABSTRACT Data from all 148 cases of oesophageal cancer in Bahrain during 1952-99 were analysed according to patient sex and age and site and histological pattern of tumour, and compared with other Gulf countries. In Bahrain, oesophageal cancer accounted for 2.6% of malignant neoplasms. The female:male ratio was 1.8:1, and the majority of patients were > or =51 years and < or =70 years of age. The lower and upper third of the oesophagus were the most and least frequently involved sites, respectively. Squamous carcinoma (males) and adenocarcinoma (females) were the main histological types. There is varying consistency between these data and those of other Gulf countries having similar anthropological and demographic profiles. A prospective study may help to better understand the aetiology of the disease and inform preventive policies.

Implantation of VPS in the early postoperative period following removal of posterior cranial fossa tumors in children

We performed a retrospective analysis of the treatment outcomes in 155 children operated on at the Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute between 2012 and 2014. All children were operated on by a single surgeon. Factors, such as the patient age, histological pattern of tumor, and primary/repeated surgery, were analyzed. A total of 13 (8.4%) patients needed shunt surgery. An analysis demonstrated no need for shunt surgery in children with piloid astrocytomas. In children with medulloblastoma, the need for a permanent shunt occurred in 5 (9.1%) cases; all these children were older than 3 years. A group of anaplastic ependymoma included 23 children; of these, 13 children were older than 3 years, and 10 children were under the age of 3 years. Five (21.7%) patients required shunt surgery. Shunting was needed in 3 children from group 4. In one case, a child younger than 3 years of age who was operated on for a dermoid cyst of the PCF, and in 2 children older than 3 years of age who were operated on for ganglioastroscytoma and atypical teratoid-rhabdoid tumor (ATRT). At present, the risk of persistent hydrocephalus in children after removal of PCF tumors is lower than that reported in the literature. In our study, it was 8.4%. The age of children under 3 years and repeated operations do not statistically significantly increase the risk of persistent hydrocephalus. Only tumor histology is statistically significant: the highest risk of the need for implantation of VPS was found in the group with anaplastic ependymomas, and the minimal risk was in the group of piloid astrocytomas.

SY 03-3 OVERVIEW OF SOMATIC MUTATIONS AND EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF ALDOSTERONE PRODUCING ADENOMA (APA)

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CELL KINETICS STUDY OF A MOUSE SUBCUTANEOUS SARCOMA INDUCED BY 4NQO WITH THE BROMODEOXYURIDINE/IODODEOXYURIDINE DOUBLE LABELING METHOD

We studied cell kinetics of a mouse sarcoma induced by a subcutaneous injection of 4-nitroquioline 1-oxide by an immunohistochemical method. A mouse bearing a sarcoma received intraperitoneal injections of two thymidine analogues, iododeoxyuridine (IdUrd) and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) 3 hr and 1 hr, respectively, before sacrifice, and BrdUrd/IdUrd double immunostaining using anti-BrdUrd monospecific antibody and anti-BrdUrd/IdUrd bi-specific antibody was performed to evaluate BrdUrd labeling index (LI), S-phase duration (ts), cell cycle time (Tc), and turn-over time (To) in the tumor cells and to characterize changes of these parameters in the different histological tumor patterns. Histologically, the sarcoma was composed of spindle cells and giant cells, and resembled malignant fibrous histiocytoma. The spindle cells formed two different histological patterns; fascicular and hemangiopericytomatous patterns. In the spindle tumor cells in the fascicular region, LI was 21.8%, is was 7.2 hr, Tc was 26.5 hr, and To was 3.1 hr. In the spindle cells in the hemangiopericytomatous region, LI was 14.2%, ts was 9.5 hr, Tc was 46.8 hr, and To was 66.8 hr. In the giant tumor cells, LI was 38.7%, ts was 24 hr, Tc was 25.4 hr, To was 31.7 hr. Thus, in this study, we revealed that the cell kinetics parameters were dependent on the histological tumor pattern and the tumor cell type in a sarcoma with heterogeneous histological components. The BrdUrd/IdUrd double immunostaining method is an easy and reliable method, and is useful to gain various cell kinetics parameters of animal tumors

The extracellular matrix in hepatocellular carcinoma shows different localization patterns depending on the differentiation and the histological pattern of tumors: immunohistochemical analysis

This study investigated cells producing type I, III, and IV collagens, laminin, and fibronectin, the major components of the extracellular matrix, and compared their localization patterns in relation to the grade of tumor differentiation and the histological pattern of hepatocellular carcinoma. Type I, III, and IV collagens, laminin, and fibronectin were produced by tumor, endothelial, and Ito cells. Regarding their localization pattern in relation to the histological pattern of tumors, although the extracellular matrix was present in the subendothelial spaces of sinusoids in every histological pattern, the localization of these components in the intercellular spaces of tumor cells was most marked in hepatocellular carcinoma with a compact pattern. These results suggest that the extracellular matrix produced by tumor, endothelial, and Ito cells is deposited in appropriate positions in hepatocellular carcinoma to sustain the tissue structure showing different histological patterns. In relation to the grade of tumor differentiation, in most cases, Type I, III, and IV collagens and fibronectin were present in the subendothelial spaces of sinusoids and the intercellular spaces of some tumor cells, while little laminin was observed in well-differentiated small hepatocellular carcinoma (less than 10 mm diameter). In undifferentiated hepatocellular carcinoma, little extracellular matrix was observed, except around vessels. These results suggest that sinusoidal capillarization may not yet have occurred in the early stage of hepatocarcinogenesis, although it develops as the tumors increase in size and the tumor cells dedifferentiate. In undifferentiated hepatocellular carcinoma, tumor cells are too atypical to produce each extracellular matrix component.

Monoclonal Antibody KI-67 Defined Growth Fraction in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Prostatic Cancer

Growth fractions were assessed immunohistochemically in prostatic tissues with benign glandular hyperplasia (BPH) and in specimens of prostatic cancer using the monoclonal antibody Ki-67. This antibody is specific for a proliferation-associated nuclear antigen. In BPH tissues about 0.3% of nuclei of epithelial cells was reactive with Ki-67. The Ki-67 positive nuclei were distributed equally among the basal and luminal cells of the hyperplastic prostatic acini. In prostatic cancer the Ki-67 defined growth fraction ranged from 0.4% to 9.1% (mean value 2.9%). Cancers with a cribriform growth pattern and tumors composed of solid areas of undifferentiated cancer cells showed the highest growth fraction (average values 4.0%, respectively 7.6%). The investigated four tumors composed of undifferentiated solitary tumor cells with diffuse infiltration of the stroma demonstrated an unexpectedly low growth activity (average 1.2%). In cancers with a glandular growth pattern the Ki-67 defined growth fraction of tumor cells varied from 2.2% to 5%. Compared with other epithelial tumors these values are low, but they are in agreement with the earlier findings on prostatic cancer obtained with 3H-thymidine labeling and bromodeoxyuridine incorporation. The observed variation in the level of Ki-67 defined growth activity partly related to the histological tumor pattern suggests that Ki-67 labeling may serve as a prognostic factor additional to the current histopathological grading criteria of prostatic cancer. (J. Urol., 142: 1342–1346, 1989)

Tumor hypercalcemia and "ectopic hyperparathyroidism".

1. All available evidence for and against the concept of ectopic hyperparathyroidism, including 307 case reports of tumor hypercalcemia, was collated. 2. Of 104 combined cases of tumors of the kidney, lung, liver, head, neck and esophagus, 91 (88%) were in men. 3. The parathyroid glands were examined in 170 of 307 cases and parathyroid hyperplasia or adenoma were described in 34 cases. This high frequency may reflect higher likelihood of reporting such association. 4. Analysis of the histological pattern of tumors associated with humoral hypercalcemia revealed a marked association with certain histological types in different organs, such as clear-cell carcinoma of the kidney and ovary, hepatocarcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma, pheochromocytoma, and squamous-cell carcinoma of the lung, head, neck, esophagus, and urogenital tract. This histological correlation is not compatible with the "random derepression" hypothesis. 5. The existence of tumor humoral hypercalcemia is well documented, as 61 of 74 operated patients sustained remission of hypercalcemia following tumor removal. 6. The evidence for ectopic PTH being produced by tumor is not well documented and is based on conflicting radioimmunoassay results. We have found no case in the literature which fulfilled unequivocally criteria of ectopic production of biologically active PTH. There has been a lack of studies of tumors for the presence of biologically active hypercalcemic factors because only relatively insensitive bioassays are available at present. More information is also required on microscopic bone changes in tumor hypercalcemia as x-ray studies alone are inadequate. 7. On the basis of the present evidence, causes and mechanisms of tumor hypercalcemia are likely to be multiple.

New tissue culture cell lines derived from human squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix and vagina: Squamous cells in tissue culture

Two new cell lines of human squamous cell carcinoma have been established in culture. One line, designated EC-50, was derived from cells of the ascitic fluid in a woman with recurrent carcinoma of the uterine cervix. The other line (EC-82) was derived from tissue obtained by biopsy of a primary vaginal carcinoma. Cells from ascitic fluid and vaginal carcinoma were grown in culture as monolayers, with the use of enriched Waymouth's medium (MB 752/1) containing serum. When cells from the thirteenth passage of the EC-50 line and seventeenth passage of the EC-82 line were injected subdermally into the cheek pouches of cortisone-treated hamsters, tumors developed. The histologic pattern of tumor grown from EC-50 cells and that of the biopsy of the original carcinoma of the uterine cervix were indistinguishable. In addition, the histologic pattern of tumor grown from EC-82 cells was indistinguishable from that of the biopsy of the original vaginal carcinoma. When cells from passage 54 or 72 of the EC-50 line or from passage 47 or 70 of the EC-82 line were injected subcutaneously into nude (athymic) mice, tumors developed. The histologic pattern of each tumor was indistinguishable from that of the biopsies of the original tumors. The EC-50 cells had 65 to 70 chromosomes; the EC-82 cells had 83 to 87 chromosomes. The doubling times of the EC-82 cells in culture were 16 and 20 hours, respectively. The EC-82 cells produced chorionic gonadotropin. When an ultrastructural analysis of EC-50 cells at passage 82 and of EC-82 cells at passage 78 was performed, the squamous epithelial origin of these cell lines was confirmed. At present, the EC-50 cells have undergone 123 passages; the EC-82 cells have undergone 114 passages. These cells have maintained their tumorigenic capacity despite prolonged maintenance in culture and may be of utility in investigations of sensitivity to radiation and chemotherapeutic agents, immunotherapy and immunodiagnosis, ectopic hormone production, and tumor-specific antigens.

Reexpression of the Original Tumor Pattern by a Human Breast Carcinoma Cell Line (MCF-7) in Sponge Culture 2

A stable cell line (MCF-7), derived from a pleural effusion of a patient with metastatic breast carcinoma, was maintained in these laboratories for more than 3 years in conventional monolayer culture. To further characterize the tumor origin of the MCF-7 line, cells were grown on collagen-coated cellulos sponges. On the three-dimensional sponge matrix, the cells formed clusters, ductlike structures, and lumina similar to the patterns observed in the antecedent primary tumor and in the pleural metastasis. The similarity between the original tumor and the cells grown in sponge suggested that the MCF-7 cells did in fact retain the potential to express the histologic patterns of tumor, even in the absence of stroma support. This study confirmed the utility of sponge culture for the investigation of the retention of tumor characteristics by cultured cells of neoplastic origin.

Demonstration of alpha-Fetoglobulin in hepatoma tissue by fluorescent antibody technique.

The fluorescent antibody technique with specific conjugate of antiserum to alpha-fetoglobulin was applied to five hepatoma tissues, of which three cases showed positive α-f globulin identified by a modified Ouchterlony immunodiffusion technique; two cases were negative. Various histologic patterns of tumor tissue were present both in α-f globulin positive and negative cases. The intensity of the total area of fluorescence in tumor tissue was found to be well correlated with the quantitative aspects of serum α-f globulin, but bore no relationship to the various histologic patterns of tumor. The two negative serum α-f globulin cases also showed small limited areas of faint fluorescence in tumor tissue.