Histological Sections Of Kidney Research Articles

Prophylactic effects of Combretum molle boughs on changes in the hematological, biochemical, and histological parameters in dexamethasone-induced insulin-resistant rats

BackgroundCombretum molle (Combretaceae) is a plant used in Cameroon traditional medicine to treat diabetes mellitus. To our knowledge, no studies have been performed on the preventive effects of C. molle on change in hematological, biochemical, and histological parameters of insulin-resistant rats. The aim of the study was to evaluate the preventive effect of C. molle on changes in the hematological biochemical, and histological parameters of insulin-resistant rats. MethodsInsulin resistance was induced for 10 days by subcutaneous injection of dexamethasone (1 mg/kg), one hour after oral pretreatment of animals with distilled water, metformin (40 mg/kg), and C. molle extract (250 and 500 mg/kg). Hematological profile (red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and their indices), biomarkers of renal and hepatic function, hepatic glycogen level, activity of hepatic enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism, and histological sections of kidney, liver and pancreas were assessed. ResultsC. molle extract (250 and 500 mg/kg) caused a significant decrease (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001) in white blood cells, platelets count, and the activities of fructose 6-diphosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and transaminases. It also caused significant increase (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001) in red blood cells, hemoglobin, albumin, glycogen, urea, uric acid, and creatinine values, and fructose-1,6-diphospatase and glucokinase activity. Histological examination revealed regeneration of beta-cells of the pancreatic islets and preventive renal and hepatic tissues against damages caused by impact of dexamethasone. ConclusionC. molle extract protected insulin-resistant patients from hematological, biochemical, and histopathological changes, there by validating the merits of the use of this plant in traditional medicine to treat diabetes mellitus and its complications.

Radiation Nephropathy in a Nonhuman Primate Model of Partial-Body Irradiation With Minimal Bone Marrow Sparing-Part 2: Histopathology, Mediators, and Mechanisms.

Male rhesus macaques were subjected to partial-body irradiation at 10, 11, or 12 Gy with 5% bone marrow protection. Animals were euthanized when dictated by prospectively determined clinical parameters or at approximately 180 d following irradiation. Histological sections of kidney were stained with hematoxylin and eosin as well as a battery of histochemical and immunohistochemical stains. Histopathological alterations were centered on glomerular changes and fibrosis of glomeruli and the interstitial compartment. These changes were first noted in animals necropsied approximately 100 d postirradiation and continued in animals necropsied through the observation period. Glomerular changes included congestion, thrombosis, erythrocyte degeneration, capillary tuft dilation, fibrin deposition, altered quantity and dispersion pattern of von Willebrand factor, increased mesangial matrix, and mesangial deposits of material that stained positively with periodic acid-Schiff staining. Areas of interstitial and glomerular fibrosis, as demonstrated by Masson's trichrome staining, were topographically associated with increased immunohistochemical staining for connective tissue growth factor, alpha smooth muscle actin, and collagen 1, but there was little staining for transforming growth factor beta. Fibrotic glomeruli had reduced microvascularity as demonstrated by reduced CD31 immunohistochemical staining. Vascular congestion was commonly noted in the region of the corticomedullary junction, and proteinaceous casts were commonly noted in cortical and medullary tubules. Longitudinal analysis of histopathological alterations provided evidence defining the latency, severity, and progression of delayed radiation-induced kidney injury.

UPLC-MS/MS analysis of antibiotics in pharmaceutical effluent in Tunisia: ecotoxicological impact and multi-resistant bacteria dissemination.

The UPLC MS/MS analysis showed the presence of the two antibiotics in the pharmaceutical industry discharges during 3 months; norfloxacin and spiramycin which were quantified with the mean concentrations of 226.7 and 84.2ngmL-1, respectively. Sixteen resistant isolates were obtained from the pharmaceutical effluent and identified by sequencing. These isolates belong to different genera, namely Citrobacter, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Delftia, Shewanella, and Rheinheimera. The antibiotic resistance phenotypes of these isolates were determined (27 tested antibiotics-discs). All the studied isolates were found resistant to amoxicillin and gentamicin, and 83.33% of isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin. Multiple antibiotic resistances were revealed against β-lactams, quinolones, and aminoglycosides families. Our overall results suggest that the obtained bacterial isolates may constitute potential candidates for bioremediation and can be useful for biotechnological applications. Genotoxic effects were assessed by a battery of biotests; the pharmaceutical wastewater was genotoxic according to the bacterial Vitotox test and micronuclei test. Genotoxicity was also evaluated by the comet test; the tail DNA damages reached 38 and 22% for concentrated sample (10×) and non-concentrated sample (1×), respectively. However, the histological sections of kidney and liver's mice treated by pharmaceutical effluent showed normal histology and no visible structural effects or alterations as cytolysis, edema, or ulcerative necrosis were observed. Residual antibiotics can reach water environment through wastewater and provoke dissemination of the antibiotics resistance and induce genotoxic effects.

Morphological and morphometric study of protective effect of green tea in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats

AimsOne of the most popular beverages worldwide, green tea, was investigated for its potential protective effect in a rat model of gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity by monitoring functional and morphological changes in kidneys. Main methodsThe study was conducted on four groups of rats: control group (C), treated with only gentamicin (GM), treated with only green tea (GT) and treated with both gentamicin and green tea (GT+GM). Kidney function, oxidant and antioxidant parameters of renal tissue, as well as histopathological studies were assessed. Morphometric analysis was used to quantify these histopathological changes. Key findingsGentamicin caused significant elevations in serum creatinine and urea and oxidative stress parameter (AOPP), while antioxidative enzyme catalase was significantly decreased. Histological sections of kidneys in GM group revealed necrosis of proximal tubules, vacuolation of cytoplasm and massive mononuclear inflammatory infiltrates in interstitium. Coadministration of green tea with gentamicin histologically showed renoprotective effect. Histological results were confirmed and quantified by morphometric analysis. Also in this group we measured ameliorated parameters of renal functions and antioxidative defense. SignificanceRegenerative potential of green tea after renal injury induced by gentamicin could be explained through the decrease of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. Green tea is a natural antioxidant, with many health promoting effects, widely available and in accordance to that affordable. Because of the established habits, people largely consume it as a beverage. It could be beneficial in the reduction of oxidative stress and changes caused by it primarily in renal tubules and interstitium.

Beneficial Effects of Green Tea Extract in Gentamicin-Induced Acute Renal Failure in Rats / Povoljni efekti ekstrakta zelenog čaja na akutnu bubrežnu insuficijenciju uzrokovanu gentamicinom kod pacova

Summary The aim of this study was to investigate whether green tea extract has beneficial effect on gentamicin-induced acute renal failure. The investigation was conducted on thirty-two Wistar rats divided into four groups of 8 animals each. Control (C) group received normal saline. GT group received green tea extract orally, 300mg/kg. GM group received gentamicin intraperitoneally, 100mg/kg and GT+GM group received both gentamicin and green tea extract. Histological sections of kidney in GM group revealed necrosis of proximal tubules, vacuolization of cytoplasm and massive mononuclear inflammatory infiltrates in interstitium. Coadministration of green tea with gentamicin had renoprotective effect and showed only mild infiltrations, normal glomeruli and alleviated tubular degeneration. Analysis of biochemical parameters showed significantly higher urea and creatinine serum concentrations in GM group in comparison with C group and GT+GM group (p&lt;0.001). Plasma lipid peroxidation biomarker MDA was significantly higher in GM group than those in C group (p&lt;0.001), whereas the values for GT+GM group were significantly lower than MDA recorded for GM group (p&lt;0.001). Beneficial effects of green tea on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity is explained through decrease of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation.Our results indicate that green tea administration has nephroprotective effect on oxidative stress and acute renal failure caused by gentamicin.

Protective role of turmeric on histological, ultrastructural and sero-biochemical changes in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in female rats

Aim: Protective role of turmeric was assessed against cisplatin-induced histological and ultra-structural changes in kidney. Materials and Methods: A total of 48 rats were divided into 4 groups of 12 rats in each. Group 1 was kept as sham control, group 2 was treated with cisplatin (@ 2 mg/kg b.wt, intraperitoneally on day 1, 7, 14 and 21), group 3 with turmeric (@ 0.05 mg/kg b.wt. p.o. once daily for 28 days) and group 4 with cisplatin + turmeric (as per above schedule). Blood was collected at fortnight intervals and serum was separated for estimation of kidney biomarkers. Six rats in each group were then euthanized on day 14 and 28 for histopathology, and tissue parameters were assayed on day 28. Results: Thibarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS), protein carbonyls, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were significantly (P < 0.05) increased, while GSH was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in group 2 as compared to other groups. Histological sections of kidney from group 2 rats showed marked inter-tubular haemorrhages, congestion, marked dilation of tubules, and other lesions of pathological significance. Ultrastructural changes of pathological significance were also recorded in group 2. Kidney sections of group 4 showed nucleus with uniform size with well differentiated nuclear membrane and nucleolus, and prominent inter tubular and inter cellular junctions. Conclusion: The study revealed that cisplatin induces nephrotoxicity due to oxidative stress and turmeric was found beneficial in countering the adverse effects.

Toxicological effects of alpha-solamargine in experimental animals.

Alpha-solamargine isolated from the fresh fruits of Solanum americanum Miller was studied for its toxicity. Lethality studies in rats showed a dose-mortality relationship with a LD(50) of 42 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally. The chronic and subchronic toxicity investigations indicated that the size of the glycoalkaloid dose was more important than the total glycoalkaloid intake. No appreciable toxic effects were observed at doses below 35 mg/kg body weight as indicated by blood parameters, enzyme levels and histological sections of kidney, liver and cardiac muscle. Alpha-solamargine did not affect the weight of the testes and epididymis or the number of spermatozoa but produced a slight irritation and congestion in the epididymis and testis at doses up to 50 mg/kg body weight.

New nephron development in fish from polluted waters: a possible biomarker

: Recent evidence has shown that fish have the ability to develop new nephrons following renal injury. This study evaluated the usefulness of quantifying developing nephrons in mature fish as an ecotoxicological assessment tool. Histological sections of kidney were prepared from Atlantic tomcod and brown bullhead specimens collected from reference and contaminated streams. The numbers of developing nephrons and basophilic cell clusters from which the nephrons arise per section area were determined by image analysis. The numbers of basophilic clusters and developing nephrons in tomcod kidney were found to be one to two orders of magnitude higher than for the bullhead. In tomcod from the Hudson River, the number of both basophilic clusters and developing nephrons were elevated relative to samples from the less contaminated Saco and Royal Rivers. In bullheads, when analysis was conducted over several seasons, the number of basophilic clusters and developing nephrons from Cuyahoga River samples were elevated relative to samples from the less-contaminated Old Women Creek and Toussaint River. Developing nephrons and basophilic clusters seem to have potential as general indicators of ecological condition, but may be better suited for detection of nephrotoxicity at specific sites.

Autoradiographic measurements of low concentration of alpha active nucleides using CR-39 track detector

A technique is described by which the distribution of radionuclei in histological sections of kidney and liver of male rats are visualised by nuclear track recording plastic. The particles emitted from radionuclei contained within the section are registered as tracks in CR-39. An image of tissue structure is induced superimposed upon particle track distribution by autoradiography. The uranyl acetate was injected intraperitonially into rats with activity 609 Bq. The detection efficiency of CR-39 for α-particles emitted from the prepared solution of uranyl acetate was found to be 0.085. The concentration of α-activity in the ashed samples was found in kidney more than that in liver.

Analysis of the position of segmental lesions in glomeruliin vasculitic‐type glomerulonephritis and other disorders

A method was developed of plotting the position of segmental lesions in glomeruli on histological sections of kidney. Using a Leitz Imagan semi-automatic image analyser, the outline of lesions was traced, as was the outline of Bowman's capsule. The centre of gravity of a lesion, computed by the image analyser, was plotted with reference to the line through the hilum and the centre of gravity of the glomerulus, by taking its angle to that line and its proportional distance between that line and Bowman's capsule. Points representing all lesions were transferred onto a circle graphically representing a glomerulus. Lesions in 11 renal biopsies with the glomerular tip lesion were clustered at the tubular origin. Lesions in four necropsy kidneys from patients with one kidney were clustered at both the vascular pole and the tubular origin. Lesions in 13 renal biopsies with acute vasculitic-type glomerulonephritis were shown to be randomly scattered by nearest-neighbour analysis, after allowance had been made for an edge effect due to the method of plotting lesions and for an area where the arterioles passed through Bowman's capsule. Scientific analysis of the position of segmental lesions is possible and has confirmed previous suggestions that there are at least three general sites in which these lesions can be distributed in glomeruli: at the tip, at the vascular pole, and randomly.

Two erythropoietic microenvironments and two larval red cell lines in bullfrog tadpoles

Previous work has shown that Rana catesbeiana tadpoles have two erythropoietic sites: mesonephric kidney and liver. Both sites apparently are active throughout larval life. Among the pleomorphic larval red blood cells (RBCs) we observe two morphological types which differ in the larval hemoglobins (Hb) that they contain. One type is an oblong, oval RBC with an acentric nucleus and contains the larval Hb which is slowest migrating on electrophoresis at basic pH. This RBC type emanates from the kidneys. The other type, which is elliptical in shape, with a central nucleus, contains three other larval Hbs and emanates from the liver. Histological sections of kidney and liver reveal erythropoietic foci of differing cellular composition and configuration. We have hypothesized that choice of RBC and Hb types is determined in part by the different erythropoietic microenvironments. In support of this hypothesis is our finding that, in organ cultures, liver cocultured with kidney undergoes a shift in its Hb pattern. Part of the shift is toward the Hb type which is the product of kidney erythropoiesis.