Histological Examination Research Articles

Role of LIPIN 1 in regulating metabolic homeostasis in the retinal pigment epithelium.

Dysregulated lipid metabolism, characterized by the accumulation of lipid deposits on Bruch's membrane and in drusen, is considered a key pathogenic event in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The imbalance of lipid production, usage, and transport in local tissues, particularly in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), is increasingly recognized as crucial in AMD development. However, the molecular mechanisms governing lipid metabolism in the RPE remain elusive. LIPIN1, a multifunctional protein acting as both a modulator of transcription factors and a phosphatidate phosphatase (PAP1), is known to play important regulatory roles in lipid metabolism and related biological functions, such as inflammatory responses. While deficits in LIPIN1 have been linked to multiple diseases, its specific roles in the retina and RPE remain unclear. In this study, we investigated LIPIN1 in RPE integrity and function using a tissue-specific knockout animal model. The clinical and histological examinations revealed age-dependent degeneration in the RPE and the retina, along with impaired lipid metabolism. Bulk RNA sequencing indicated a disturbance in lipid metabolic pathways. Moreover, these animals exhibited inflammatory markers reminiscent of human AMD features, including deposition of IgG and C3d on Bruch's membrane. Collectively, our findings indicate that LIPIN1 is a critical component of the complex regulatory network of lipid homeostasis in the RPE. Disruption of LIPIN1-mediated regulation impaired lipid balance and contributed to AMD-related pathogenic changes.

Perforation of the Sigmoid Colon in Vasculitis in COVID-19 Patients

The aim of the study was to investigate the main manifestations and pathological changes in the tissues under the sigmoid colon perforation in patients with COVID-19. Materials. The study involved analysis of medical histories of 40 patients with sigmoid colon perforation associated with COVID-19. All patients showed similar symptoms (increasing respiratory failure, dyspnea, high body temperature), followed by the development of the sigmoid colon perforation due to the violation of intravascular hemostasis. In 25% of patients, perforation developed already on the second or third day from the onset of ARVI symptoms, in 75% - on the fifth or sixth day from the onset of the disease. Results. The analysed case histories and the results of histological examination of biopsy or pathological material demonstrated similarities in the clinical presentation of the disease and morphological changes in the affected area of the sigmoid colon. The main symptoms and syndromes are presented using the example of a clinical case. Conclusion. The patient developed complications at the final stage of COVID-19 disease and this was associated with inflammation of the mesentery arteriole walls and the formation of occlusive blood clots in their lumen, which led to the development of the sigmoid colon perforation.

Synchronous Parathyroid Carcinoma and Breast Carcinoma: A Case Report.

The occurrence of parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is rare, which can lead to difficulties in diagnosis and complicate treatment. However, synchronous PC and breast carcinoma (BC) are rarer, which makes diagnosis and development of a treatment plan more difficult and requires the assistance of clinical evidence, imaging data, and histological examination results. This case report presents a patient with a final diagnosis of synchronous PC and BC.

Dermoid Cyst of Conjunctival Origin Attached to the Tarsus in a Pediatric Patient.

Dermoid cysts of cutaneous origin are common orbital lesions, whereas dermoid cysts of conjunctival origin are rare. The authors present a case of a dermoid cyst of conjunctival origin that was attached to the tarsus in a pediatric patient. A 2-year-old boy presented to the clinic with an approximately 2 cm in diameter mobile nodule in the upper eyelid on the temporal side that distorted the eyelid architecture with temporal ptosis. During surgical excision, the lesion was firmly adherent to the tarsal plate. The mass was a conjunctival dermoid cyst lined by nonkeratinizing squamous epithelium with goblet cells and hair follicles on histological examination. This case represents the first report of a conjunctival dermoid cyst attached to the tarsus.

Shensu IV maintains the integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier and exerts renal protective effects by regulating endogenous hydrogen sulfide levels

BackgroundNephrotic syndrome has a significant impact on global health, often leading to cardiovascular disease and high mortality due to limited effective treatments. This study investigates the efficacy of Shensu IV in a puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN)-induced rat model of nephropathy.MethodsRat models and in vitro podocyte PAN nephropathy models were established with PAN and treated with Shensu IV. Renal function was evaluated by measuring urine output and protein content, while hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and oxidative stress markers were quantified in serum and podocyte lysates. We conducted histological examination on kidney tissues and analyzed molecular markers (CD2AP, nephrin, and PI3K/AKT pathway) using RT-qPCR and Western blot.ResultsShensu IV significantly improved urine output and proteinuria, and attenuated glomerular damage, fibrosis, and mitochondrial swelling in PAN-treated rats. Mechanistically, Shensu IV enhanced endogenous H2S production, reducing oxidative stress and activating the PI3K/AKT pathway in vivo and in vitro. This facilitated the upregulation of the target genes CD2AP and nephrin, which are critical for maintaining glomerular integrity and improving renal function in PAN nephropathy models.ConclusionShensu IV and NaHS confer renal protection primarily by modulating oxidative stress and restoring the integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier through mechanisms involving the enhancement of the PI3K/AKT pathway and modulation of H2S levels. These findings suggest a promising therapeutic potential for these metabolites in the treatment of nephrotic syndrome.

Digital Papillary Adenocarcinoma Is HPV-42-Associated and BRAFV600E Negative: Perspectives for Diagnostic Practice

Digital papillary adenocarcinoma (DPAC) is a rare, low-grade sweat gland carcinoma primarily found on the hands, fingers, or toes and predominantly affecting males. Distinguishing DPAC from benign sweat gland tumors can be challenging. We present the case of a 52-year-old patient with a progressive tumor on the finger initially misdiagnosed as a viral wart. Histological examination revealed a cytologically basophilic sweat gland tumor with tubular structures, papillary protrusions, and a characteristic immunohistochemical staining pattern for CK 7 and Actin. HPV-42 positivity and molecular analysis confirmed the diagnosis of DPAC. HPV-42 has been strongly associated with DPAC. Additionally, p16 positivity and BRAFV600E negativity were observed. These findings aid in the differential diagnosis of acral sweat gland tumors and guide clinical management, including with respect to the potential for recurrence and metastasis.

Age and growth of American Eel in lower St. Johns River in northeast Florida

AbstractObjectiveLittle is known about American Eel Anguilla rostrata populations across much of the species' large geographic range. This study aimed to collect important information on the life history and population biology of American Eel in a northeast Florida river.MethodsDuring two 12‐week periods, from August to November 2021 and September to December 2022, American Eel were collected from a ~90‐km stretch of the lower St. Johns River via boat electrofishing. Data on length, weight, age, Anguillicoloides crassus parasite infection, and swim bladder condition were recorded for American Eel collected in both years, and additional data on sex, sexual maturity, and fin and eye morphology were recorded for American Eel collected in 2022.ResultOverall, biologists spent more than 63.5 h of effort over 42 sampling days to collect 297 American Eel, ranging in size from 150 to 705 mm total length (TL) with a continental age ranging from 0 to 8 years. American Eel catches were low and varied by section of river and over time; however, no differences in the length–weight relationship or size structure were observed between river sections. Adult parasites were observed in swim bladders of 36% of American Eel, and 57% of eel exhibited some level of swim bladder damage. Although length–weight relationships were similar regardless of swim bladder condition, relative swim bladder length was lower for fish with severe damage. Histological examination of gonads from 160 American Eel in 2022 revealed that the male : female sex ratio was 0.9:1 and nearly all eel were sexually immature. The majority of fish were 2–4 years of age; average growth was modeled with a von Bertalanffy curve for American Eel aged 1–8: TL = 740 × [1 – e−0.12(age + 1.98)].ConclusionGiven the paucity of information about American Eel in this region, the data provided in this study will be critical to informing future decisions on the management of the American Eel stock.

Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis in pediatric patients: A Chinese single center observational study and literature review.

Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) is a rare autoinflammatory disorder that commonly poses diagnostic challenges due to its atypical symptomatology. This observational study aimed to investigate the clinical features, laboratory test results, imaging features, and treatment strategies for pediatric patients with CRMO. We retrospectively analyzed 7 pediatric patients with CRMO treated at the Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine between January 2018 and February 2022. This study aimed to enhance current understanding of CRMO by exploring in-depth clinical data. The study cohort comprised 5 males and 2 females, aged 3 to 13 years. All patients experienced symptoms for a median duration of 6 months prior to hospitalization, at which point they presented with recurrent pain and various accompanying signs including hypothermia (14.28%), swelling (42.85%), localized skin warmth (42.85%), and plantar pustules (14.28%). The femurs (71.42%) and tibia (71.42%) were frequently affected. Radiographic and computed tomography scans revealed osteosclerosis and osteolytic lesions, while magnetic resonance imaging revealed bone marrow edema. Histological examination of bone biopsies from 4 patients revealed fibrous tissue hyperplasia and lymphocytic and neutrophilic infiltration, despite negative bacterial cultures. Laboratory test results were either normal or slightly elevated. Symptomatic improvement was observed in 6 patients (85.72%) treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, while 1 patient (14.28%) resistant to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs responded well to tumor necrosis factor inhibitors. The clinical presentation of CRMO lacks specificity, with unexplained bone pain being the most common symptom. Precise diagnosis and timely intervention depend on a thorough magnetic resonance imaging evaluation for lesion detection, which facilitates CRMO diagnosis. This study offers valuable insights into the clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, imaging features, and treatment strategies of CRMO in pediatric patients.

Disseminated proliferative mesocestoidosis caused by Mesocestoides vogae (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidae) in a French bulldog in Japan.

This report describes a case of disseminated proliferative mesocestoidosis in a French bulldog from Aichi, Japan. In July 2023, the dog presented with chronic enteritis, and histological examination of the endoscopic biopsy specimen revealed parasites with suckers. Three months later, numerous tetrathyridia were detected in the inguinal mass. In April 2024, polymorphic tetrathyridia were detected on the visceral organs. These parasites were identified as Mesocestoides vogae (Cyclophylidea: Mesocestoididae) based on morphological features and sequence analyses. In Japan, M. vogae has only been reported in domestic dogs, with five cases of intestinal infection and one case of abdominal infection. This report is the first case of both intestinal and extraintestinal infections in the westernmost region of Japan.

Modified Tou Nong Powder Obstructs Ulcerative Colitis by Regulating Autophagy and Mitochondrial Function.

Modified Tou Nong Powder (MTNP) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula widely used for treating body surface ulcers. Since colonic ulcers share similar pathological characteristics, MTNP has shown promising results in alleviating ulcerative colitis (UC) and has been safely used in clinical practice. This study aims to investigate how MTNP alleviates experimental colitis by inducing autophagy through the regulation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) signaling pathway. In this study, UC rat models were created using 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS). The therapeutic effects of MTNP on TNBS-induced colitis were evaluated through various methods such as disease activity index, visual examination, and histological examination of the colon. An inflammation model was also established in Caco-2 cells using H2O2. Western blot analysis was used to assess the expression of autophagy-related proteins, while immunofluorescence detection was employed for protein localization. Furthermore, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was performed to analyze the expression of autophagy-related genes, confirming the role of MTNP in modulating the AMPK/PGC-1α signaling pathway. In vivo, oral administration of MTNP led to a remarkable reduction in colonic injury, inhibition of inflammatory infiltration, and improvement in the abnormal expression of inflammatory factors in colonic tissues. Furthermore, MTNP stimulated autophagy by activating the AMPK/PGC-1α signaling pathway, thereby mitigating mitochondrial dysfunction. In vitro, exposure to MTNP drug-containing serum (MTNP-DS) resulted in a reduction of reactive oxygen species levels, improvement in mitochondrial membrane potential, and activation of the AMPK/PGC-1α pathway, leading to the promotion of mitochondrial autophagy. The results indicate that MTNP triggers autophagy and enhances mitochondrial function, leading to the alleviation of UC in both in vitro and in vivo. These benefits are strongly linked to the activation of the AMPK/PGC-1α signaling pathway.

Reninoma: Radiological Approach for a Rare Kidney Tumor (Case Report)

Reninoma (juxtaglomerular cell tumor) is a rare and benign kidney tumor responsible for renin–mediated hypertension. We report a case of severe hypertension in a female child. Contrast-mediated CT scan especially in the delayed phase was the key of diagnosis. Different elements helped with the diagnostic approach, including clinical and biological data, especially severe hypertension and elevated blood levels of renin and aldosterone. Histological examination after tumor enucleation confirmed the diagnosis.

Diagnostic errors in assessing magnetic resonance imaging semiotics of primary extracerebral tumors: a case series

Primary extracerebral tumors are represented by benign and malignant neoplasms of the meninges and cranial nerves. Their presurgical differential diagnosis is based on the analysis of magnetic resonance imaging semiotics. The critically significant aspects for classifying tumors of this group include the following: neoplasm structure, contrast enhancement type, delimiting from the brain tissue, and relationship with the meninges or cranial nerves. Differential diagnosis of extracerebral tumors based on visual analysis of magnetic resonance imaging data is generally not challenging because most tumors have typical magnetic resonance imaging semiotics. However, in cases with atypical magnetic resonance imaging signs, reliable differentiation of tumors can be challenging. Moreover, the greatest complexity is the differentiation of meningioma grades, distinction between solitary fibrous tumors and meningiomas, and identification of the tumor type when localized in the cerebellopontine angles. The case series presented the most typical features leading to errors in the differential diagnosis of primary extracerebral tumors. All the presented tumors were verified with postsurgical histological examination. The analysis of the case reports demonstrates that a review of the combined semiotic signs can lower the number of diagnostic errors.

Boron-Doped Nano Hydroxyapatite Grafts for Bone Regeneration in Rat Mandibular Defects.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential effects of boron-doped nano hydroxyapatite grafts on craniofacial bone regeneration in critical bone defects in the mandibular corpus of rats, in terms of scintigraphic and histopathological aspects. Forty Wistar albino rats, with an average weight of 200-220g, aged 16-18weeks, and all male, were used in the study. The rats were randomly assigned to five groups, each containing 8 rats, as follows: group C1 (no procedure applied to the mandible), group C2 (surgical defect created in the mandible but no treatment applied), group nHA (nano hydroxyapatite applied to the surgical defect area), group nHA + B1 (nano hydroxyapatite + 1% boron applied to the surgical defect area), and group nHA + B2 (nano hydroxyapatite + 2% boron applied to the surgical defect area). A standard 4 × 4mm full-thickness transosseous bone defect was created in the mandibular corpus of all rats, except for those in group C1. The bone defect in the rats in group C2 was left to heal naturally. Nano hydroxyapatite (nHA), nano hydroxyapatite + 1% boron, and nano hydroxyapatite + 2% boron were applied to the surgical defect areas of the other three groups, respectively. Bone scintigraphy was performed on all rats on days 0 (following the surgical procedure) and 28 of the experimental period. At the end of the 28th day, the animals were sacrificed, and tissue samples were collected for histological examination. A standard grading system was used to evaluate fracture healing. When the groups were compared in terms of bone healing histopathological scores, a statistically significant difference was observed between group C1 and the other groups (p < 0.005). In the statistical evaluation made according to the histopathological mean scores, the least improvement was observed in group C2. No statistically significant difference was observed between group nHA and group nHA + B1 and group C2 and between group nHA and group nHA + B1 in terms of bone healing scores (p > 0.005). A statistically significant difference was found between group nHA + B2 and group C2 (p = 0.026). Although there was no statistically significant difference in histopathological scores, the mean score closest to group C1 was observed in group nHA + B2. A statistically significant difference was observed between the groups in the scintigraphic evaluation performed on the 28th day of the experimental procedure, and the difference was between group C1 and group nHA + B1 and between group nHA and group nHA + B1 (p = 0.004; p = 0.028, p < 0.005). In the comparison of the values obtained on days 0 and 28 within the group, a statistically significant change was observed in group nHA + B1 and group nHA + B2 (p < 0.005). When the results of the present study were evaluated, it was thought that the boron-doped nHA graft biomaterials may have positive effects on bone healing. Providing a different perspective for the development of an alternative new treatment modality that can be locally applied in the treatment of fractures a serious and common health problem can be interpreted as an important outcome of the present study. We believe that this study will serve as a preliminary study for more comprehensive future studies on this subject.

The neuropathological basis of elevated serum neurofilament light following experimental concussion

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) or concussion is a substantial health problem globally, with up to 15% of patients experiencing persisting symptoms that can significantly impact quality of life. Currently, the diagnosis of mTBI relies on clinical presentation with ancillary neuroimaging to exclude more severe forms of injury. However, identifying patients at risk for a poor outcome or protracted recovery is challenging, in part due to the lack of early objective tests that reflect the relevant underlying pathology. While the pathophysiology of mTBI is poorly understood, axonal damage caused by rotational forces is now recognized as an important consequence of injury. Moreover, serum measurement of the neurofilament light (NfL) protein has emerged as a potentially promising biomarker of injury. Understanding the pathological processes that determine serum NfL dynamics over time, and the ability of NfL to reflect underlying pathology will be critical for future clinical research aimed at reducing the burden of disability after mild TBI. Using a gyrencephalic model of head rotational acceleration scaled to human concussion, we demonstrate significant elevations in serum NfL, with a peak at 3 days post-injury. Moreover, increased serum NfL was detectable out to 2 weeks post-injury, with some evidence it follows a biphasic course. Subsequent quantitative histological examinations demonstrate that axonal pathology, including in the absence of neuronal somatic degeneration, was the likely source of elevated serum NfL. However, the extent of axonal pathology quantified via multiple markers did not correlate strongly with the extent of serum NfL. Interestingly, the extent of blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability offered more robust correlations with serum NfL measured at multiple time points, suggesting BBB disruption is an important determinant of serum biomarker dynamics after mTBI. These data provide novel insights to the temporal course and pathological basis of serum NfL measurements that inform its utility as a biomarker in mTBI.

Potential Effects of Clitoria ternatea on Rotenone-Induced Rat Model of Parkinson Disease

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterised by motor dysfunction due to the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Clitoria ternatea (CT), a medicinal plant used in Ayurvedic medicine, has shown promising neuroprotective properties that may be beneficial in the context of PD. This study investigates the potential effects of CT on a rotenone-induced rat model of Parkinson's disease. Sixty adult male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into six groups: the normal control group, the positive control group treated with Levodopa, the negative control group, and three experimental groups treated with CT extract at doses of 150 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg, and 500 mg/kg, respectively, for 28 days. Behavioural analyses, including motor and cognitive assessments, and histological examinations were performed. The group treated with the highest dose (500 mg/kg) showed the most significant reduction in immobility time from day 1 to day 28. Anxiety-like behaviour was assessed using the open field test, and motor impairment was evaluated with the beam walking test. The highest dose group showed a significant increase in total distance travelled, from 72.3% to 95.4% over the treatment period, compared to the control groups. Histological analysis revealed that the 500 mg/kg treatment group had the most substantial reduction in Lewy bodies. Overall, the administration of CT extract at 500 mg/kg improved motor deficits, neurobehavioral performance, and reduced neurodegeneration. These findings suggest that CT could be a promising natural therapeutic agent for the treatment and management of PD.

Exogenous H2S targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway alleviates chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced myocardial damage through inhibiting oxidative stress and enhancing autophagy.

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a novel gas signaling molecule that has been researched in several physiological and pathological conditions, indicating that strategies targeting H2S may provide clinical benefits in diseases such as chronic cardiomyopathy. Here, we reveal the effect of H2S on chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH)-related myocardial damage and its mechanistic relevance to phosphoinositol-3 kinase (PI3K). Mice were subjected to a 4-week CIH process to induce myocardial damage, which was accompanied by daily administration of NaHS (a H2S donor) and LY294002 (an inhibitor of PI3K). Changes in heart function were evaluated via echocardiography. Histological examination was applied to assess heart tissue lesions. Myocardial apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining and apoptosis-associated protein expression. Furthermore, the effects of NaHS on autophagy and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway were investigated. Finally, the level of inflammation is also affected by related proteins. The CIH group presented increased myocardial dysfunction and heart tissue lesions. Echocardiography and histological analysis revealed that, compared with control mice, CIH-treated mice presented significantly more severe left ventricular remodeling and decreased myocardial contractile function. In addition, the apoptosis index and oxidative markers were significantly elevated in the CIH group compared with those in the control group. The autophagy marker Beclin-1 was decreased, while p62 was elevated by CIH treatment. H2S supplementation with NaHS significantly improved cardiac function and alleviated fibrosis, oxidative stress, and apoptosis but upregulated autophagy in CIH mice, and these effects were also observed in animals that underwent only PI3K blockade. Furthermore, PI3K/AKT pathway-mediated inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and proinflammatory NF-κB activity were shown to play a role in the therapeutic effect of NaHS after CIH stimulation.

Are spinal cord and medulla samples from embalmed donors suitable for histological examination? A pilot study.

A general belief exists that tissue from anatomical donors, especially from the central nervous system (CNS), may not be suitable for histological investigation. This is based on the idea that fixation routinely used in embalming whilst optimal for enabling dissection, insufficiently preserves tissue architecture at the cellular level. However, anatomical donors represent a precious resource for microscopical investigation, provided that preservation is sufficient to enable recognition of structures at the histological level. This could considerably extend the biomedical knowledge currently gained from donations. In this study, we addressed this question and examined histologically, samples of medulla and spinal cord from donors from the Anatomical Gift Programme of RCSI in Dublin. Samples of medulla and spinal cord in the cervical, thoracic and lumbar regions were obtained with appropriate permissions from four different donors that had been previously embalmed for routine anatomical examination. The tissue obtained was processed for paraffin embedding and routine histology. Analysis revealed that several features were identifiable with good histological detail. A scoring system was applied to evaluate the level of histological preservation in the various samples by assessing the following parameters: tissue integrity, presence of leptomeninges along the entire section surface, distinction/adherence grey/white matter, identification of neurons, other cell nuclei, neuropil pattern, capillaries and other intraneural vessels. Lumbar spinal cord and to a lesser extent medulla and cervical spinal cord showed on average good quality of preservation. Conversely, thoracic spinal cord tended, in general, to be less well preserved. We can conclude that spinal cord and medulla samples from embalmed donors can be suitable for histological examination. These findings open new avenues of study of spinal cord and brain stem anatomy on cadaveric tissue from donors already existing in anatomy donation programmes. These results also pave the way for the potential development of new human models of study useful to spinal cord and brain stem researchers. Finally, this expands considerably the impact of the generosity of anatomical donors for the advancement of biomedical knowledge.

Lasia spinosa Stem Aqueous Extract Potentiates Antidiabetic Effects Exhibiting Antioxidant Genes Upregulation and DNA-damage Protection.

This research elucidated the hypoglycemic effect correlated with DNA protective and antioxidative activity of Lasia spinosa stem aqueous extract (LSSAE) using streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rat models. LSSAE, characterized by phytochemical screening, GC-MS, and FTIR analyses, was investigated for its DNA protective activity by exposing PBR322 plasmid DNA to Fenton's reagents. Long-Evans rats, treated by LSSAE were found to be improved for body weight, fasting blood glucose level, and oral glucose load. A 30-day supplement of LSSAE significantly recovered serum biochemical markers, including hepatic (i.e., ALP, AST, ALT, and TB); renal (i.e., creatinine and uric acid); and lipid profiles (i.e., TC, TG, HDLc, LDLc, and VLDLc). An increased level of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and reduced glutathione (GSH) and a decreased level of malondialdehyde (MDA) were observed in LSSAE-treated rat liver. Antioxidant enzyme activities were evaluated by mRNA expression level of antioxidant genes (CAT, SOD2, GPX1, PON1, PFK1, GAPDH, using the 2-ΔΔCT method, normalized with housekeeping gene, ß-ACTIN) using qRT-PCR. Additionally, histological examination confirmed the restoration of morphology, and function of pancreatic β-cell, kidney, liver, and spleen. Results reveal that LSSAE exerts an antidiabetic effect through upregulation of antioxidant genes, DNA protection and modulation of biochemical and histological parameters.

A Case of Anterior Cingulotomy for Intractable Pain Caused Thalamic Glioma.

Stereotactic bilateral anterior cingulotomy, including lesions in the anterior and midcingulate cortex, is one of the methods used for treating thalamic pain syndrome. In cases of non-ischemic thalamic lesions, simultaneous stereotactic biopsy of the lesion can be performed in combination with cingulotomy. In this paper we present a case of a 45-year-old male with a lesion in the right thalamus, causing a severe contralateral hemi-pain syndrome. Bilateral radiofrequency anterior cingulotomy and stereotactic biopsy were performed during a single surgery. Pain completely subsided within a few days following the anterior cingulotomy. Histological examination identified a diffuse astrocytoma (WHO grade II, ICD-O 9400/3), and the patient was subsequently referred for LINAC-based radiosurgery. The pain syndrome was controlled for 4 years, after which the pain syndrome returned with an increase in tumor size. Simultaneous anterior cingulotomy and stereotactic biopsy of the thalamic lesion represent a safe intervention for thalamic pain syndrome, enabling the alleviation of pain, verification of the lesion's etiology, and the application of appropriate treatment.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of ultrafast urease tests in the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis in children

Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the main causes of gastritis, peptic ulcer and stomach cancer. Ultrafast urease tests (UUT) make it possible to simplify patient management by notifying the result after 5 minutes and entering it into the protocol of endoscopic conclusion. There is no data on the accuracy of UUT in the pediatric population. Aim of the study: to identify the accuracy of UUT in comparison with histological examination in children. Methods: a single-center retrospective study of children (4-18 years old) who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy with biopsy of the gastric antrum mucosa for H.pylori UUT, followed by histological examination. The reaction time stated by the manufacturers was estimated to be no more than 5 minutes for a positive result. Histology was the “gold” standard. Results: 211 patients were examined (boys n=103, 48.8%; girls n=108, 51.2%) average age 11.7 years (±3.5, 4-18 years). H.pylori infection was detected in 31 out of 211 patients. There was a significantly higher number of positive reactions of both UUT’s in the age group of children from 11 to 18 years old compared with the group of children from 4 to 10 years old. The sensitivity of AMA RUT Pro UUT was 18.7%, specificity 93.8%, negative and positive predictive value 82% and 42%, respectively, accuracy 79%. The sensitivity of the BioHit UFT300 UFUT was 40%, specificity 96.5%, negative and positive predictive value 92% and 60%, respectively, accuracy 90%. Conclusion: our data demonstrate the low sensitivity of ultrafast urease tests in children when using a single fragment of tissue from the gastric antrum in the five-minute reaction time allotted by manufacturers to a negative result. Perhaps sensitivity indicators can be improved by placing several fragments of the mucous membrane of the body and the antrum of the stomach on one test, which is a direction for future research.