Hisar City Research Articles

Peri-urban Delineation and Urban Expansion Quantification from 2001 to 2021 of Hisar City, India, using Geospatial Techniques

Peri-urban Delineation and Urban Expansion Quantification from 2001 to 2021 of Hisar City, India, using Geospatial Techniques

Prevalence and Risk Factors of β-Lactamase Genes of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases-Producing Escherichia coli From Dairy Farm Environments of Haryana, India.

Presence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae in the dairy farm environment and food chain could be a possible interface for the exchange of antimicrobial resistance genes between humans and animals. A total of 600 samples comprised of raw bovine milk, faeces, feed, environmental swabs and water samples from 20 different bovine dairy farms in and around Hisar city, Haryana, India were analysed for presence of ESBL encoding genes. Out of 240 isolates of Escherichia coli obtained, 74 isolates were found to be ESBL producers. Maximum number of ESBL isolates were found from faeces (40.5%) followed by raw milk (37.8%) and environmental swabs (17.5%). Most of the ESBL E. coli isolates were sensitive to chloramphenicol (82.4%) and gentamicin (77.0%) antibiotics. The bla CTX-M gene was found to be most prevalent (52.0%) followed by bla TEM (9.45%) while bla SHV gene alone was not detected in any sample by simplex PCR. However, the co-expression of blaCTX-M + blaTEM (21.6%) and blaCTX-M + blaSHV (4.05%) genes were also observed. The housing system, milking method and the hygienic mangement practices followed at farm level are found to be significant risk factors of ESBL-producing E. coli in dairy farms of Haryana.

Comparative Study on Snacking Behaviour and Pattern of Working and Non-Working Women of Hisar City, India

The present study was conducted to assess and compare the snacking behavior of working and non-working women of Hisar City. The aim of the present study was to compare snacking behavior of working and non-working women of Hisar City. For this study, a sample of one hundred and twenty women in age 25-45 years, 60 each working and non-working women were drawn randomly from Hisar city. The sample of working women included 20 each engineer, advocates, and teaching professionals. Non-working women were selected having an income, and age similar to their counterparts. Information on snacking behavior like the preference for snacks over regular meals, time and place of snacking, types of snacks taken, and source of procuring snacks, etc. were recorded in the questionnaire. The data indicated that mere 15 percent of working and 23.3 percent of non-working women preferred snacks over regular meals. The majority (90.0%) of respondents preferred to take salty snacks followed by sweet (85.0%) and sweet and salty (56.7%). The result revealed that non-working women have more cravings for snacks than working women but they prefer more of homemade snacks to outside snacks.

Physico-chemical, sensory, and microbiological quality of raw chicken meat: an exploratory study in the Hisar city of Haryana, India.

A survey was conducted in Hisar, located in Haryana, India, to assess the quality of raw chicken meat. To ensure comprehensive coverage, healthy broiler chickens were obtained from various meat retail outlets in Hisar city, encompassing the majority of such establishments. Additionally, a sample of control chickens was obtained from the Livestock Farm, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (LUVAS), Hisar, Haryana, India. The raw chicken meat was grouped into two categories, breast cut and thigh cut. The breast muscles, which include pectoralis major and pectoralis minor, and the thigh muscles, which include the abductor muscles, were chosen as the samples for proximate analysis, which included physico-chemical, sensory, and microbiological analyses of raw chicken meat. The analysis of the raw meat in the laboratory revealed inconsistent variations between the control and retail samples in terms of parameters, such as proximate composition, pH, the water-holding capacity (WHC), thiobarbituric acid (TBA), instrumental color analysis, and sensory evaluation. The moisture content of the control breast sample was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of the samples from shops 2, 3, and 5. However, it was statistically similar to that of the samples from shops 1, 4, and 6. The total plate and psychrotrophic counts of the control thigh sample were significantly lower than those of the samples from shops 3, 4, 5, and 6. Among the thigh pH values, the samples from shops 1, 2, 5, and 6 had significantly higher pH values than the control sample. The variations in the various parameters were multifactorial and established the superiority of birds slaughtered under laboratory conditions and grown in university farms compared to the raw chicken meat available in retail outlets in Hisar city.

Assessment of urban sprawl, land use/land cover changes and land consumption rate in Hisar City, Haryana, India

Assessment of urban sprawl, land use/land cover changes and land consumption rate in Hisar City, Haryana, India

A Novel Fuzzy Based Solar Irradiation Prediction Approach for Selection of Solar Panels in Hisar (Haryana)

This paper proposes an ANN-based framework for forecasting the daily solar irradiance with the meteorological data collected over 10 years for Hisar city, located in Haryana. Meteorological information like temperature, relative humidity, and average wind speed is used as input variables for estimating sun irradiation in order to obtain high accuracy under various weather situations. Meteorological information is used as input variables for estimating the solar irradiation in order to obtain acceptable accuracy in a variety of weather circumstances. In addition, it was suggested in this paper that the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model be trained using the Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO) Algorithm. The following task is to choose the best solar panel (SP) out of the thousands that are currently on the market. Due to a crucial component like weather, choosing the finest SP is important. Hence, this paper introduces a score-based model for selecting the best panel by considering the different criteria of the eleven SPs that are used as test panels. The annual power produced by panel P11 is 79.67% better than panel P1. Finally, based on the average power generated, the proposed panel P11 is regarded as the best panel when compared to other panels.

PM SVANIDHI AND ITS ROLE IN RESURRECTING THE SELF-EMPLOYED INFORMAL BUSINESSES AFTER THE COVID -19 CRISIS

The present study is based on the awareness and understanding of street vendors towards the Pradhan Mantri Street Vendor’s AtmaNirbhar Nidhi. This scheme was aimed at resurrecting the businesses of street vendors who were drastically affected by the covid-19 related measures i.e., lockdown. The purposive sampling technique was employed for data collection in Hisar city of Haryana state and 100 street vendors were selected randomly. The descriptive statistics results show that the awareness and reach of the PM SVANidhi scheme among street vendors was poor. Only 26 per cent of respondents got the loan under this scheme. Achieving eligibility criteria for availing the credit under this scheme seemed almost impossible. Lack of awareness about the scheme and difficulties in meeting the eligibility conditions, made difficult to the street vendors to avail the scheme. The vendors were harassed by the long process of obtaining the loan. Further remedial measures are required to rebuild self-employed informal businesses sustainably.

Statistical Analysis and Development of Accident Prediction Model of Road Safety Conditions in Hisar City

The severity of road accidents is a big problem around the world, particularly in developing countries. Recognizing the major contributing variables can help reduce the severity of traffic accidents. This research uncovered new information as well as the most substantial target-specific factors related to the severity of road accidents. T-stat, P-value, Significance and other test values are determined to check the dependency of dependent variable on independent variable in order to obtain the most significant road accident variables. In this research, a comparative analysis of accident data from Hisar and Haryana are compared. According to the findings, Haryana’s accident severity index (46.20) was higher in 2019 than Hisar’s (36.01), while Hisar had fewer accidents per lakh population (33.34) than Haryana (38.40). The outcomes of the study were used to develop an effective and precise accident predicting model is developed for Hisar city and state Haryana using a statistical method. Four models were created using linear regression analysis, two each for Hisar and Haryana. These models produce good results with a margin of error that is within acceptable bounds (0-5%), allowing them to be used to predict future traffic accidents and deaths.

Factors Influencing Consumer’s Choice of Streaming Over the top (OTT) Platforms

With the rapid advancement in technology, penetration of smart phones and increase in levels of affordable internet facilities resulted in the rise of OTT media services. OTT platforms gives freedom to their users to watch T.V. series, movies, etc.at their own convenience. The study was conducted to find out the factors influencing consumer’s choice of streaming OTT platforms. Convenience sampling technique was used for the study and response from 200 respondents (students, working people/ staff, homemakers and entrepreneurs), was collected in Hisar city, through semi-structured questionnaire. The variations in the factors (Growth, Benefits of OTT, Integrated marketing and communication) were 41.321, 6.621, 5.977, and 5.378 per cent, respectively. As per factor analysis, all four factors were most important that influenced consumers’ choice of streaming OTT services, and the Cronbach alpha values were 0.844, 0.812, 0.798 and 0.629, respectively.

The carbon footprint of household energy use among different income groups in Hisar city

A carbon footprint can be a broad measure or be applied to the actions of an individual, a family, an event, an organization, or even an entire nation. In this research a sample of 40 households each from low, middle and high income groups of Hisar will be selected randomly thus making a total sample of 120 households and data will be collected online on knowledge of homemakers regarding carbon footprints and practices followed by them for reducing household energy consumption and hence reducing the carbon footprints.

Consequences of micro-system setting on different component of learning disability

Learning disability refers to a neurological disorder. This disability affects childs’ thinking and learning process. It affects childs’ ability to learn and engage in activities, his or her self-esteem and ability to evaluate difficult situation and make choices. This can lead to trouble with learning new skills and information. Families of learning disabled child also suffer a lot. They find it difficult to deal with the situation. Present study was carried out in Haryana state on learning disabled boys. Hisar district from Haryana state was selected purposively. From Hisar district Block I was selected on random basis. Hisar city was also selected purposively for urban sample. From Block I five villages named Kaimari, Mangali, Harikot, Daya and Singran were selected randomly. A sample of 60 boys (30 from urban and 30 from rural) with learning disability was selected for the study. Learning disability among boys of 10-12 years age group was taken dependent variable. Indian Adaptation of Stanford – Binet (1971) was administered for diagnosis of learning disability among boys of 10-12 years of age. It has the following components: Language, Mathematics, and Creativity. Different micro system variables were considered as independent variable. Results discovered that majority of the respondents were found in below average category for language and mathematics components of learning disability. Result further found that most of the boys were found in above average category in creativity component of learning disability.

Impact Assessment of Goods and Services Tax (GST) on Shopkeepers

India has got a well-structured and simplified taxation system, where authoritative segregation has been done among the Central government, state governments and local bodies. But with the implementation of GST, the harmonization of tax rules, regulations, rates, processes and procedures across the states was expected to improve the ease of doing business in India. The removal of cascading of taxes and transaction costs associated with inter-state transactions was also expected to encourage investment and therefore, the economic growth of country. With the objective of the impact assessment of Goods and Services Tax on shopkeepers the present study was carried out. The study was conducted in Hisar city of Haryana state where the findings highlighted that shopkeepers had highly increased tax burden and legal compliances, followed by increase in workers hiring capacity and no impact on ease of doing business, no loss and transparency in business. Further, results also showed that there was decrease in profit as they have to pay taxes more than 6 times in a year. With the implementation of GST, shopkeepers were having constraint in filing GST as now is getting a complicated process and due to changing GST rates they were facing high competition amongst the market.

Problems Faced By Construction Workers Of Hisar City

A large number of workers are engaged in the construction sector. Out of them approximately 30% are women workers. Construction industry is the major source of employment for workers in the unorganized sector. In India, construction industry is the second largest employer when compared to agriculture and covers others allied field of activities in the civil, mechanical and electrical area also. The Indian construction labor force is 7.5% of the total world labor force and it contributes to 16.4% of fatal global occupational accidents. A study was conducted on 30 construction workers working on different sites of hisar city. A questionnaire was used for collecting general information and for specific information. Data reveals that 56.66% of the respondents were in 26-35 years of age group followed by 86% of the respondents were married. 63.33% of the respondents were living in village. 83.33% of the respondents’ family consists of more than 5 members followed by 73.33% of the respondents’ family has two earning members. Body discomfort level was also analyzed by using Relative Important Index. Conclusively, Construction sector falls under unorganized sector of an economy. They are working under unsecured environment or work culture. The scenario only can be changed with the government intervention, by implementing the policies strictly.

Metacognition Of Adolescents In Relation To Their Gender And Residential Area

Adolescence is the most vulnerable stage to the physical, emotional, social and cognitive problems. Cognitive changes that occur during adolescence are increased in abstract, idealistic and logical thinking. Metacognition is a subdivision of cognition, or a type of cognition. Metacognition is one’s ability to use prior knowledge to plan a strategy for approaching a learning task, take necessary steps to solving the problem, reflect on and evaluate results, and modify one’s approach as needed. Cognition helps to generate new knowledge through mental processes and also helps to use the knowledge that people have in daily life. This study examines the assessment of metacognition in relation to residential area and gender of adolescents. The study was conducted in Hisar district of Haryana state. Two areas were selected purposively i.e., rural and urban. From urban area Hisar city and from rural area three villages namely Kharia, Dhobi and Kirtan were selected for collection of data. From each schools 25 boys and 25 girls of 14-16 year were included in the study. The total sample comprised of 300 adolescents. Metacognition Awareness Inventory (MAI) by Schraw and Dennison (1994) was used for assessing metacognition. Results disclosed that status of male respondents on ‘knowledge about cognition’ confirmed moderate level of metacognition on procedural knowledge, conditional knowledge and total knowledge about cognition whereas, about declarative knowledge female respondents had moderate level of metacognition. The status of male respondents on other component of metacognition i.e. ‘regulation of cognition’ confirmed that majority of respondents had moderate level of metacognition viz: information management strategies, debugging strategies, evaluation, total regulation of cognition. The results further divulged that on total sample the status of respondents on metacognition confirmed that more percentage of the respondents had moderate level of metacognition depicting high percentage among males than females. The results divulged that on total sample the status of respondents on metacognition indicated that higher percentage of the respondents had moderate level of metacognition showing higher percentage of urban adolescents as compare to rural respondents.

Readership and Women: A Study to Analyze Newspaper Reading of Haryana's Women

Print media is widely used and accepted in every section of society having the advantage of cheap cost and vast readership with availability in multiple languages. The present study was aimed to analyze the newspaper readership of adult women of Hisar city of Haryana state. Moreover, this study also aimed to measure the dependence of personal profile variables on newspaper readership of respondents. The findings revealed that a large number of respondents were of 40–50 yr (29.0%) in age had school high school/intermediate (28.0%) level of education. Equal numbers of respondents were employed and unemployed. Family occupation of majority of respondents was business (39.0%) had family monthly income more than 75,000/- (29.0%). Education (0.6) of the respondents was positively correlated with time spent on newspaper readership. Monthly income (0.72) and education (0.60) of the respondents were positively dependent on perceived importance of newspaper readership.

Suggestions and Constraints Perceived by Shopkeepers towards Goods and Services Tax

The Goods and Services Tax (GST), implemented on July 1, 2017 is regarded as a major taxation reform till date implementedin India since independence. The primary objective behind development of GST was to subsume number of indirect taxes under one umbrella which simplifies taxation system for service and commodity businesses. GST was expected to convey various advantages to economy as an indirect tax and simplifies the workload of shopkeepers but it resulted in lack of clarity and time consuming process. With this assumption, study was planned to find out the constraints faced by shopkeepers and suggestions given by them regarding the implementation of Goods and Services Tax (GST). The study was carried out purposively in Hisar city of Haryana State, where, thirty shopkeepers from five respective section were selected i.e. Foods, Clothing and Textiles, Electrical appliances, Medical and Cosmetics and Communication and Transportation; thus making total sample of 150 respondents. Results from data inferred that majority of the respondent’s complained that filing GST has been more complicated now, there is increased tax compliance, high competition faced by shopkeepers and changing tax rate slabs by the central government is confusing them and making it difficult to understand the process. Furthermore, majority of the shopkeepers also suggested that there should be reduction of legal formalities, tax should be collected by the government at the manufacturing level itself and they don’t have to file for returns at later stages. They also suggested that registration should be there for all the traders and service providers with exemptions for small scale suppliers from collecting and remitting GST and casual trade category should be abolished.

Aflatoxin M1 in milk in Hisar city, Haryana, India and risk assessment

ABSTRACTAflatoxin M1 (AFM1) contamination in 150 samples of milk, sold in market of Hisar city of Haryana, India, was investigated by using High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Out of these, 40 samples contained AFM1 at a concentration below the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.052 μg/kg. Among the AFM1 contaminated samples, 46 raw milk samples contained a concentration above the LOD but less than the limit of quantitation (LOQ), whereas 64 samples were above the LOQ. Of these samples, 31 exceeded the maximum limit of 0.5 μg/kg prescribed by FSSAI, India. Based on this study, the dietary intake of AFM1 for adults through consumption of milk was estimated. The results indicated that AFM1 contamination can be a food safety issue for raw and pasteurised milk consumed in India. Therefore, there is a need for a national monitoring programme to control the level of mycotoxins in milk.

Emotional Intelligence of Adolescents

Emotional intelligence is one of the key components for a successful, fulfilling, and happy life. Aperson is said to be emotionally intelligent when he feels proper emotion in a proper situation and express it in a proper quantity. The present study was undertaken in Hisar district of Haryana state. Two schools of Hisar city and two Govt senior secondary schools of Kaimri from Block-I and Rawalwas from Block-II, were selected randomly. Emotional intelligence scale (EIS) developed by Hyde et al. (2001) was used to measure the emotional intelligence. A sample of 120 rural and 120 urban respondents including equal number of males and females of 14-16 year age were taken, thus to make a total sample of240 adolescents. Majority of males and females living in rural area had normal level of emotional intelligence followed by above average and below average. Similar trend was observed for urban respondents. Mean scores of females were slightly better in some aspects of emotional intelligence with their counterpart's, viz., overall emotional intelligence and its aspects self-awareness, empathy, emotional stability , managing relation, integrity and commitment.

Dynamics of Urban Growth in Hisar City of Western Haryana, India

Dynamics of Urban Growth in Hisar City of Western Haryana, India

Enhancing the parents-child communication skills providing favourable home environment in Haryana state

Home environment provided by the parents, parental behaviour, their interaction with child and related factors tend to influence the cognitive development and socialization of children. The present study was conducted purposively in Hisar district of Haryana state. From Hisar district two areas were selected i.e., urban and rural. The sample consist 100 girls between the age group of 7-8 years and their parents (both mother and father). 50 girls and their parents were selected randomly from Hisar city and 50 girls and their parents were selected randomly from rural area. A total of 50 boys between the age group of 7 to 8 years with both of their parents were selected randomly from each location. Hence, the total sample was 600 including (200 children and 400 their parents). Home observation for measurement of the environment (HOME) by Bradley and Caldwell (1984) and Parenting Style and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ) by Robinson et al. (1995) were used to measure home environment and Parenting Style and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ) by Robinson et al. (1995) was used to measure parenting style i.e. authoritative, authoritarian and permissive. Vineland adaptive behaviour scale by Sparrow et al. (1984) used to measure the communication skill of children. Result revealed that aspect of home environment responsivity, encouragement of maturity, learning material and opportunities, enrichment were significantly associated with adaptive behaviour. Emotional climate, learning material and opportunities, Family integration, family companionship, physical environment and composite home environment were non-significantly associated with adaptive behaviour.