Hippotherapy has been used as a rehabilitative treatment in several pathologies, with behavioral and cognitive changes. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the profile of hippotherapy practitioners in Brazil and identify the effects of hippotherapy on the cognitive aspects of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Intellectual Disability (ID). Mixed procedures were carried out with professionals and guardians of practitioners present in centers located in the state of Paraíba, Brazil, and application of online questionnaires based on pre-existing assessments. Resulting in a neurological clinical profile of the practitioners and a similarity between the structures and organization of the analyzed riding therapy centers. There were significant responses in the cognitive areas associated with behavior, environmental interaction and empathy of practitioners with ASD and ID. These results indicate that hippotherapy promotes the cognitive development of children with ASD and ID.