Hinterland Development Research Articles

AHP기법을 활용한 국내 중소항만의 경쟁력 제고 방안에 관한 연구

Purpose: This study derives the factors necessary for the Pohang Yeongilman Port to secure competitiveness as a small or medium-sized port.
 Research design, data, and methodology: By conducting AHP and IPA, the model from this study sets the top factors in four areas: specialized port development, port operation efficiency, port hinterland development and strengthening of connections, and activation of marine tourism and water-friendly functions.
 Results: Among the top factors, specialized port development was identified as the most important, and results were derived in the following order: development and strengthening of the port hinterland, port operational efficiency, and activation of marine tourism and waterfriendly functions.
 Conclusions: All Pohang Yeongilman Port stakeholders recognize the important factors for port development, but perceive low satisfaction with performance.

Petroleumscapes and the urban fabric: a study of hinterland development in Cepu, Indonesia

ABSTRACT The petroleumscape has been comprehensively studied downstream from refineries to the retail and administrative footprints of oil space that are generally related to urban agglomeration. Upstream, however, there is less analysis of onshore oil’s origins, typically located in the hinterland and associated with rural areas. This article elaborates on the concept of the petroleumscape in oil and gas extractive areas, which are perceived and conceived of as non-urban, as a nonetheless urban phenomenon. It employs the lens of planetary urbanization by using the term ‘urban fabric’. To illustrate how the urban fabric was produced, appropriated, and contested, the Cepu region and its oil mining were analyzed using previous studies, secondary documents, and news. The results show that the Cepu petroleumscape is a blurred capitalist urban fabric determined by local social and political processes.

The Effects of Seaport-Inland Port Dyads on Container Seaport Hinterland Delimitation

The emerging seaport-inland port dyad contributes greatly to the development of seaport hinterlands. However, little research has examined its influence on container hinterland delimitation. This paper used an improved radiation model to study the effects of seaport-inland port dyads on the container seaport hinterland delimitation in the context of a Chinese multi-port system. The radiation of each seaport was estimated to track changes in the seaport superior hinterlands and hinterland ratings and discover the patterns of the effects. The results show that the formation of dyads expands the scope of superior hinterlands and improves the hinterland ratings of seaports. The provinces close to inland ports and far from seaports were significantly affected and the same inland port influenced seaports differently. These results demonstrate that establishing a seaport-inland port dyad is a good way to compete with other seaports for larger market shares. These different effects can serve as a guideline for seaport authorities to choose suitable dyads to achieve their hinterland targets.

Evaluation of Port–Hinterland Synergy Level Considering Fixed Asset Allocation and Social Commodity Circulation under the “Dual Circulation” Development Pattern

“Port–hinterland synergy” means the development of port and hinterland should promote each other. The “dual circulation” development pattern indicates the requirement of exploring the domestic transportation demand and promoting the integration between ports and hinterlands. However, the current research on the synergy level between ports and hinterlands is not enough to meet the needs of constructing a “dual circulation” development pattern, and few studies have explored the influencing factors of port–hinterland synergy level directly, especially in the context of the new development pattern of “dual circulation”. After investigating the synergetic mechanism between ports and hinterlands, this study proposes to further consider the influence of fixed assets allocation and social commodity circulation on the synergy level under the “dual circulation” pattern. So, fixed asset investment and three different forms of commodity circulation activities are selected to represent the corresponding hinterland’s economic activities and added into the evaluation indices. To assess ports’ responsiveness to different kinds of transport demand, throughputs of each port are divided into those of domestic and foreign countries. Then this paper evaluates the level of port–hinterland synergy by the coupling synergy model, and the influence degree of these activities on the synergy level was studied with the partial least squares regression (PLS). The results show that there is heterogeneity in regional and port positioning in the port–hinterland synergy level, and that four selected economic activities’ improvement can enhance the port–hinterland synergy level. Among them, retail industry has the strongest positive effect, followed by tertiary industry, import and export trade, and fixed asset investment.

The Influence of Motivation and Work Experience on Employee Performance at a Logistics Service and Hinterland Development Company

The Influence of Motivation and Work Experience on Employee Performance at a Logistics Service and Hinterland Development Company

Urban Form Dynamics and Modelling towards Sustainable Hinterland Development in North Cianjur, Jakarta–Bandung Mega-Urban Region

The urban form is the physical configuration of a city, developed over time and space. Urban form can be considered at different scales, from region to neighborhood, each carrying a different focus. North Cianjur serves as the hinterland and one of the conurbation corridors of the Jakarta–Bandung Mega-Urban Region, meaning that the balance between its function as an environmental buffer area and the destination of urban growth needs to be planned carefully. This paper explores the dynamics in North Cianjur and employs several model scenarios as a planning intervention using landscape dynamic tools and land-change modeling, with three scenarios employed: Business as Usual (BAU), Spatial Planning Policy (SPP), and Urban Containment (UCT). The result show that North Cianjur has transformed into a polycentric region with two urban zones, a peri-urban zone, and a rural zone in the northernmost part of the region. Urban form trends show a sprawling built-up pattern outside urban zones, and a compacted trend in urban zones due to expansion from the Jakarta and Bandung Metropolitan Area. UCT models appear to be the most optimal for implementation in North Cianjur, representing a way to accommodate urban growth and expansion inside the urban center while still maintaining regional sustainability.

Forecasting the Logistics Demand of Guangxi Beibu Gulf Port

Objective - The objective of this paper is to establish the forecasting models of port cargo throughput and container throughput in Guangxi Beibu Gulf Port in the next 5 years, and to put forward the countermeasures of port logistics development in Guangxi Beibu Gulf Port according to the forecast results. Methodology/Technique – The data of cargo throughput and container throughput of Guangxi Beibu Gulf Port and 3 port areas of Beihai, Fangcheng and Qinzhou in 2009-2020 are collected through the data of Guangxi Statistical Yearbook and Guangxi Statistical Bulletin. Based on 2019 and 2020, the forecasting models of cargo throughput and container throughput in Guangxi Beibu Gulf Port and 3 port areas of Beihai, Fangcheng and Qinzhou are establishe using a weighted moving average forecasting method. The cargo throughput and container throughput of Guangxi Beibu Gulf Port and 3 port areas of Beihai, Fangcheng and Qinzhou in 2020/2021-2025 are predicted. Findings – The forecast results show that by 2025, the cargo throughput of Guangxi Beibu Gulf Port is expected to exceed 400 million tons, and the container throughput is expected to exceed 10 million TEU. According to the fitting diagram of forecast results and actual data, it can be seen that the accuracy of the forecast results is very high. Novelty – It is innovative to select 2 base years in 2019 and 2020 to establish forecasting model. Based on the comparative analysis of the forecast results, this paper puts forward various measures to promote the development of port logistics of Guangxi Beibu Gulf port, such as strengthening the construction of port self-condition, strengthening the co-ordinated development of port and economic hinterland, speeding up the construction of port collection and distribution system, training and introducing all kinds of high-quality port logistics talents. Type of Paper: Empirical. JEL Classification: C53, R41. Keywords: Logistics Demand Forecast; Cargo Throughput Forecast; Container Throughput Forecast; Weighted Moving Average Forecasting Method; Guangxi Beibu Gulf Port Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Yue, N. (2021). Forecasting the Logistics Demand of Guangxi Beibu Gulf Port, GATR Global J. Bus. Soc. Sci. Review, 9(1): 73 – 89. https://doi.org/10.35609/gjbssr.2021.9.1(9)

Sustainable Urban Development of Hinterlands in the Delta of Egypt Using Renewable Energy Techniques Case Study: AL-Burullius Area. (Dept. A)

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Port-hinterland concept evolution: A critical review

Hinterland transport connectivity is being acknowledged as the second most important factor driving port competitiveness after port costs. Deepening the existing understanding on how the port-hinterland concept has evolved over time, as a result of disruptive changes on trade and transport, can provide a solid basis for ports to enhance their hinterland intelligence, and thus devise better informed and more effective hinterland development strategies. The main aim of the paper is therefore to provide a comprehensive and critical review of port-hinterland related research. It starts from early approaches introduced at the beginning of the previous century. It proceeds to the late 1960s, when containerization significantly transformed port-hinterland networks, and continues till today examining contemporary port-hinterland relationships. The latter have driven the transition from distance-decay to more functional approaches for port-hinterland analysis, within which the role of distance still remains valid but valued differently and within a broader context, where a number of additional parameters are also taken into consideration. With hinterland network dynamics playing now a more important role than the individual performance of ports, forward-thinking approaches need to benefit from enhanced extended and regional network intelligence, deepening the understanding and facilitating the timely evaluation of network impacts resulting from new business trends and models, market developments and innovative technology adoption, which are now taking place a lot faster than before.

Wine lovers: their interests in tourist experiences

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the intrinsic components of wine tourism products that satisfy the consumers and analyze the economic development of wine regions, away from consolidated tourist destinations.Design/methodology/approachThe objective of the study is fulfilled by reviewing the literature on culture and gastronomy as tourism-driving forces of hinterland development and the needs of wine lovers in their tourism experiences and then using it to design appropriate research tools to collect empirical data through a survey within the context of a single case study. Thus, the specific case of wine origin certification, denomination of origin (DO) in the Catalan regional area of Pla de Bages (Barcelona) is the successful case analyzed, through 210 valid questionnaires.FindingsWine tourism has a long history, although it may appear to be quite recent and innovative. Today’s visitors are well travelled and seek new experiences, authentic contexts and particular or exceptional activities. The findings show that the intrinsic components of wine tourism products that satisfy these consumers are critical to develop wine regions, focusing on the design of activities with significant dose of local identity and wine and gastronomic pairing. Definitely, participation, hedonism, significance, knowledge, nostalgia, tasting, novelty and local culture are the basic ingredients of a memorable and satisfying wine tourism experience.Research limitations/implicationsThe present study has several limitations that need to be mentioned. First, this research is a single case study; the Pla de Bages DO serves as the case, focusing on one cultural heritage experience, the large wine vats walking visits. This fact can put the study’s validity in question. Another limitation is that this study is not a longitudinal one, the latter could lead to more accurate findings. It would be interesting to ad in-depth interviews to advance the understanding about how to enhance visits according to the analyzed components.Practical implicationsSustainable governance of destinations implies the cooperation of private businesses, the public government and the support of the population of the territory, to develop creative and successful tourist products. Economic, social and cultural networks are necessary to create collaboration and innovation, following its mutual interests. The new governance approach based on networks that combines creative, sensorial and locally specific experiences is essential and offers many business opportunities and entrepreneurial options in hinterland regions, located near consolidated tourist destinations. Destination management organizations and private businesses should take into account the structure of the eight aforementioned components when they design oenological tourism activities.Originality/valueThe originality of the paper lies in the knowledge of the crucial components of memorable wine tourism experiences to satisfy visitor expectations. They have to include participation, hedonism, significance, knowledge, local culture, novelty, tasting and nostalgia.

Smaller ports’ evolution towards catalysing sustainable hinterland development

ABSTRACTFrom simple organizations as gateways for goods and passengers, ports have evolved and transformed into complex organizational systems with multiple functions. Besides providing cargo, logistics, and other kinds of services to its customers, modern ports engage in the development of their hinterlands. Sustainability, evolving from environmental actions over the years, has become the core of many modern ports’ approach towards hinterland development and port competitiveness. While the literature is concerned with and presents examples of large ports implementing sustainability initiatives, the literature is scarce on smaller ports. This article addresses this gap by exploring qualitatively the case of the Port of Aalborg, a medium-sized port in Denmark, and its evolution towards using sustainability for port and hinterland development. The research focuses on the actions behind environmental development at the port. Its evolution is mapped and explored using the analytical framework developed based on the (larger) ports’ development and their roles. The findings from the Port of Aalborg case exemplify how smaller ports can evolve to drive the sustainable development of their hinterlands and contribute to a better understanding of this kind of port.

Spatial and Temporal Agglomeration Characteristics and Coupling Relationship of Urban Built-Up Land and Economic Hinterland—A Case Study of the Lower Yellow River, China

Clarifying the development relationship between urban built-up land and economic hinterland can provide decision support for regional sustainable development. Using the improved field model, geographic concentration and elasticity coefficient, and taking the lower reaches of the Yellow River as the study area, this study defines the scope of urban economic hinterland in the lower reaches of the Yellow River in China from 2005 to 2017, further analyzes the dynamic process of urban built-up land agglomeration and economic hinterland agglomeration, and reveals the spatial–temporal coupling relationships of urban built-up land expansion and economic hinterland development. The results revealed the following: (1) From 2005 to 2017, the spatial and temporal change pattern of the economic hinterland of each city in the lower reaches of the Yellow River had basically the same trend, showing a low degree of coincidence with the administrative divisions and obvious differences in scope and change; (2) The geographic concentration of built-up land showed a trend of centering on the cities of Zhengzhou and Jinan, spreading to the periphery, and gradually forming a high-value contiguous area in both cities. The spatial distribution patterns of the geographic concentration of economic hinterland are mainly manifested in Zhengzhou and Jinan, showing a circle structure of areas with “highest-low-higher” concentrations of economic hinterland moving away from the urban center; (3) The spatial–temporal coupling between the expansion of urban built-up land and the development of economic hinterland underwent an obvious transformation process. From 2005 to 2011, the coupling mode was mainly growth, and, from 2011 to 2017, it began to shift to extensive and intensive development. The coupling model of urban built-up land and economic hinterland in the lower reaches of the Yellow River has a good trend.

항만과 지역의 연계 발전 방안 : 주요 항만과 지역의 컨테이너 물동량을 중심으로

Port plays an important role in the development of the national economy. Countries around the world are working to expand port facilities, such as the development of port facilities and the development and operation of hinterlands, in response to changes in the economic environment. In order to expand the port's original functions and enhance the competitiveness of port, it is necessary to develop and operate hinterlands and related-area development. Therefore, this study analyzed the changes in the container trade volume and the items of major ports in Korea, mainly in the domestic area, in order to develop the linkage development between the port and the region, and suggested that the planning and development of port and hinterland considering the change of local industrial structure is necessary.

A conceptual framework for cooperation in hinterland development between neighbouring seaport authorities

ABSTRACTThe hinterland of a port is probably the most important aspect in the competition between gateway ports. This paper, starting with a literature overview, shows how the port authority can extend its hinterland with the aim of increasing its attractiveness and, eventually, its throughput. To achieve this, it can be advantageous to cooperate with adjacent port authorities. Together, through cooperation, economies of scale can be realised that facilitate a modal shift away from road to a more efficient and more sustainable transport. This would reduce the cost of transport to/from the hinterland region from/to these ports consequently increasing the attractiveness and the market share of the cooperating ports for this region. The paper describes a conceptual method to identify and quantify the opportunities for cooperation in the hinterland. The framework starts, after some basic transport economic concepts, from (theoretically available) hinterland data to locate regions that are at the edge of the contested hinterland of a port region and results in a methodology that can be used to generate a quantified list of regions where cooperation will make a difference. Using this methodology, port authorities (PAs), of any region where hinterland data are available, can list, together with their neighbours, the regions where to prioritise their efforts.

An Estimation of Effects of Foreign Direct Investment on Korean Port-logistics Industry

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of inward foreign direct investment and outward foreign direct investment on the growth of port logistics industry through the development of port hinterland and the creation of port trade volume. The method is based on the vector autoregression model (VAR). We estimate the long-term relationship between the growth of the port logistics industry and foreign direct investments through cointegration tests and estimation of cointegration coefficients. We also analyze on short-term dynamics as well as long-term equilibrium relationships through causality tests, impulse response function and forest error-variance decomposition using error correction model. As a result, foreign investment factors have a positive (+) impact on the growth of the port logistics industry in the long term and short term. In particular, the impact of inward foreign direct investment on the port logistics industry is more immediate and impactful over a relatively long period of time and statistically significant than that of outward foreign direct investment. However, the contribution of outward foreign direct investment to the growth of the port logistics industry is larger than that of inward foreign direct investment, but it is decreasing with time. Therefore, it is necessary to raise policy and academic interest on how to link the growth of port logistics industry with the inward foreign direct investment and the outward foreign direct investment.

Shifting Toward the West? An Analysis of Sectoral Employment Growth Across China’s Counties, 2000–2010

ABSTRACTSince the late 1990s, the focus of China’s regional policies has been redirected to coordinate regional development, and a series of policy shifts have been launched to promote the development of hinterland and interregional equity. This study analyzes how the spatial and sectoral patterns of employment growth have changed between 2000 and 2010 by estimating aggregate and sectoral employment growth equations using county-level employment data. The results support significant convergence effects in all sectors in which employment growth is negatively correlated with their initial sectoral shares. Also, preferential policies targeting the western China have successfully stimulated faster sectoral employment growth. However, there are considerable sectoral heterogeneities when examining the effects of policies targeting the central and northeastern China. The results also reveal nonlinear effects of labor pooling economies proxied by initial total employment on sectoral employment growth for the majority sectors. A few other stylized facts are also in line with the expectation.

ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AFFECTING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF PORTS

Globalization and the growth of world trade force ports to change accordingly to changing market conditions. Ship sizes grow rapidly, so ports should deepen the harbour, modify port equipment and train personnel. In other worlds – ports have to be ready to react. The challenge of finding the vectors of development in those changing conditions is a crucial fact.
 
 In the paper, the author analyses the extent of the research work done in the sphere of competitiveness of ports and deals with the main factors influencing the position of ports in the world market. Therefore, the purpose of the work is to highlight the major factors affecting the port competitiveness. The main research method is the theoretical research. The analysis is based on the research carried out by scientists in the field of competitiveness of ports.
 
 As a result, three main factors were identified and described. The most important factor affecting the competitiveness of the port is the development of port hinterlands. Development initiatives of these territories and the relations between them should be laid down in each port’s development plan. Remaining factors are regular shipping lines existence and value added services in ports. Other factors that influence the overall port position on the market are also being reviewed.

Port governance in China since 2004: Institutional layering and the growing impact of broader policies

This paper builds further on the work of Cullinane and Wang (2007) and more recent work on (port) governance in China. We argue that the market environment in which Chinese ports operate is quite different compared to ten years ago. The global and domestic economic slowdown and structural changes in the economic base have affected seaport volumes and freight traffic growth. Fears for port capacity shortages have made room for overcapacity. New geo-economic policies such as the ‘Go West’ strategy and the ‘One Belt One Road’ (OBOR) initiative, the implementation of modern corporate governance principles and the establishment of Free Trade Zones (FTZs) are affecting the Chinese container seaport system. The above factors have triggered a number of strategic and managerial implications on Chinese ports: (a) an increased focus on seaport integration and co-operation, (b) a strong orientation on hinterland development through corridors and dry ports, (c) a two-way opening up of the seaport sector by combining initiatives to attract foreign investments and trade to Chinese ports with an internationalisation of Chinese port-related companies. We demonstrate that these changes have triggered processes of institutional layering in port governance without breaking out of the development path initiated by the Port Law of 2004 and related policy initiatives.

Logistics Hub Strategy of the GCC Countries and Policy Implications: With a Focus on Saudi Arabia and the UAE

The aim of the research is to review strategic policies toward logistics hub of the GCC countries including infrastructure and hinterland development and to suggest government policies to upgrade industrial and logistics cooperation between Korea and GCC countries. In particular, logistics hub policies promoted in Saudi Arabia and UAE are analysed as case studies to draw some implications for the government policies. First, the logistics sector should be considered in connection with industrial sectors, as logistics hubs have been developed as tools for economic diversification. Second, logistics hubs in the GCC countries could be used as a base to re-export Korean products to the Iranian market after international sanctions against Iran are removed. Third, investment by Korean companies is necessary for the establishment of joint ventures between Korea and the GCC countries in logistics related business activities. Fourth, logistics information platforms should be established in major logistics hubs in the region, to help Korean companies seeking information on logistics demand and cooperative partners in the GCC market.

Developing the port hinterland: Different perspectives and their application to Shenzhen Port, China

The management and expansion of the port hinterland is at the core of ensuring the competitiveness of modern ports. Considering the impact of the global supply chain and regional economy development, this study proposes different perspectives to analyse the development of the port hinterland, and applies these perspectives to Shenzhen Port in China. In accordance with the changing nature of a port's function, we view hinterland development from physical, logistics, and macroeconomic perspectives, and analyse the influencing factors from the shippers' viewpoint in terms of three driving forces: spatial, value, and organizational. We find that the influence of these driving forces and their relevant strategies differ from these three perspectives. For Shenzhen Port to develop its hinterland sustainably, its geographical boundaries should be extended in both directions (i.e. inland-bound and foreland-bound), and the structure of container throughput needs to be optimized. Some relevant strategies in this regard are proposed.