This paper highlights the practices of shifting cultivation and its implications in North-East India with special references to Manipur hill districts. Agriculture is the main and single largest source of livelihood in the state. About 70 percent of the total population is engaged in agriculture and allied activities. The Manipur Hill region comprises five districts, viz. Chandel, Churachandpur, Senapati, Tamenglong, and Ukhrul. It has a total population of 6, 51,156 which represents 35.45 percent of the state's total population. The hill districts occupy about 90 percent (20089 sq. km) of the total area of the state. The data about the area under shifting cultivation is not the same as it varies from year to year. Out of the total net shown area shifting cultivation covers 46%. Rice is the main staple food crop in this region. Shifting cultivation has both problems and prospects and impact on the forest and landscape in the environment. The average fallow period is 7-8 years as per the data collected through key informant interviews from the study area.