Highway Location Research Articles

ANALYSIS OF PARTICIPATORY-BASED VILLAGE MARKET DEVELOPMENT PATTERNS

This research aims to provide input on the arrangement of the Village Market. The research case study is the Village Market in Serang Regency, Banten Province. The locus was chosen because the Pamarayan Village Market crosses Serang Regency and Lebak Regency and has been running activities since independence. The research approach combines qualitative and quantitative. The research informants amounted to 15 people consisting of market traders associations, village market managers, Village-Owned Enterprises, RT/RW heads, youth leaders, and local community leaders. The main data used are primary data through Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The analysis technique used is MICMAC, by analyzing through a systematic solution to a problem. Research results show: First, based on existing conditions and analysis of Village Markets regulations, Pamarayan Market is a village market whose governance is under the authority of the village government. Second, based on the MICMAC analysis, the research results obtained in quadrant II, namely the relay variables including regional governance arrangements (zoning) of traditional markets, traditional market management (waste management and parking management), increasing trader competence, building revitalization, market trading facilities, and market financial management are seen to significantly affect the arrangement of the Pamarayan Market in Serang Regency. Third, the existence of Pamarayan Market is considered by stakeholders in the long term of around 3-6 years requires relocation due to the current conditions that harm the accumulation of waste, air and water pollution, and cause congestion. The relocation is expected to meet the location criteria: easy access to public/private vehicles, close to the highway, clean and comfortable location, and relatively cheap shop/trade location prices.

The innovative design of automatic speed limiter device for trucks and buses based on road location analysis

The increasing number of vehicles every year has led to the rising potential of vehicle accidents. In 2015, there were 556 fatalities from 6,231 accident cases occurred in Jakarta, through regulation of the Minister of Transportation Republic Indonesia No: 111 in 2015, it has been issued firm vehicle speed restrictions, but there is no positive impact because the speed limit of each vehicle cannot be done automatically by the highway location, so the need for innovation to design a tool that can meet these needs. The method in this research is developing a device that can break the flow of fuel quickly to hold the vehicle's speed with a Global Positioning System (GPS) as a trigger to drive the relay that has been installed on the engine. The results of this study are devices that have been installed in truck and bus engines capable of holding the speed. The result shows that the voltage has been calculated was at 10 km/h produce 1.2 volts, and the highest speed of 70km/h produce 10.7 Volt. GPS in speed limiter is also compared with the Map application. The result shows a slight difference either in latitude or longitude, where the smallest differences in latitude and longitude were about 0.00" and 0.05", respectively. In addition, the GPS speed limiter well performs to limit the speed of trucks and buses for 32 km/h in pedestrians, 58km/h on the highway and 52 km/h on a toll road.

Spatial Distributions of Cadmium and Lead in Roadside Soils Along Owerri-Umuahia Highway

The research was conducted in 2019 to evaluate the spatial distribution of heavy metals (cd and pb) in roadside soil along Owerri-Umuahia highway Imo State Nigeria. Three locations were sampled-Owerri, Mbaise and Obowo. These locations are the major highways connecting Owerri-Umuahia. Soil samples were collected at a predetermined distance of 0-15 feet (ft), 15-30 ft, 30-45ft, and 45-60ft away (row) from the edge of the road. All were sample at a depth of 30 centimeter (cm) depth using soil auger. The locations were either cultivated with cassava or maize and in some cases vegetables. Reference (control) samples were also sampled from fallow (non-highway soil) lands but at a distance of 100meters (m) away from highway. Fifty four (54) samples were randomly collected, and bucked samples were replicated for treatment sources. Samples were air dried and sieved with 2mm sieve, crushed and stored in the polythene bag for laboratory activities. Analyses were done routinely. The physicochemical result (table 1) showed that the soils are mostly sandy and the pH were slightly acidic with mean value of (5.97) when compared with control (5.89). There were significant differences between locations and control with regard to macro nutrient levels. These ranges from (phosphorus (p) 14.43 to 16.06 mg/kg, Nitrogen 0.11 to 0.73 % and potassium 0.18 to 0.23 cmol.kg-1). These were significantly different when compared with control (NPK 0.54. 23.74 and 1.15) as the locations levels were lower than non-highway soils. The organic Matter (OM) where lower in highway location. The mean value were 2-12% while the control. The mean value was 2-12%, and control was 3.41%. The result followed same trend with Base Saturation and Basic Cation levels. Base Saturation (BS) were significantly different between locations and also when compared with control. The BS mean value was 77.91% while control was 84.60%. Cadmium levels at various distances, and between one location and another did not change significantly. Cadmium at distances 0-15ft, 15-30ft, 30-45ft and 45-60 ft, the mean values were 2.21, 1.87, 1.77, 2.03 and for control 2.19, 2.19, 2.02, 2.19 mg/kg respectively (table 2). For lead, at the sample distance away from road edge- 0-15ft, 15-30ft, 30-45ft and 45-60ft, the mean values were 11.7, 13.2, 12.5 , 12.0 and for control 13.22, 14.42, 13.03 and 14.14 (table 3). These slightly differences in the locations from control were not significant at p<0.05. In some cases, the control levels were higher the locations in terms of spread. From the result of the study, cadmium and lead concentrations at all the distances and spread, depth and locations were at moderate levels when compared with critical Cd and Pb established standard. Automobile movement at Owerri-Umuahia highway did not increase cadmium and lead levels spatially. The result was discussion in line with the established standard for heavy metal permissible limits

HOG Feature Extraction and KNN Classification for Detecting Vehicle in The Highway

Autonomous car is a vehicle that can guide itself without human intervention. Various types of rudderless vehicles are being developed. Future systems where computers take over the art of driving. The problem is prior to being attention in an autonomous car for obtaining the high safety. Autonomous car need early warning system to avoid accidents in front of the car, especially the system can be used in the Highway location. In this paper, we propose a vision-based vehicle detection system for Autonomous car. Our detection algorithm consists of three main components: HOG feature extraction, KNN classifier, and vehicle detection. Feature extraction has been used to recognize an object such as cars. In this case, we use HOG feature extraction to detect as a car or non-car. We use the KNN algorithm to classify. KNN Classification in previous studies had quite good results. Car detected by matching about trining data with testing data. Trining data created by extract HOG feature from image 304 x 240 pixels. The system will produce a classification between car or non-car.

A numerical study on critical ventilation velocity in slope tunnel fire under vehicle blockage

AbstractThe particularity of highway tunnel location and the limitation of space result in the closure of its environment, which makes evacuation, rescue, and firefighting activities more difficult. In this study, a fire dynamics simulator was used for numerical simulation to study the effect of jamming on the critical velocity of slope tunnel fire. This experiment carried out two sets of working conditions simulations: (1) In the straight tunnel, the heat release rate and the blockage ratio are considered and numerically simulated. (2) Under the heat release rate of 20 MW fire source, the blockage ratio and the gradient of the tunnel are considered and numerically simulated. The vehicle blockage is set to distribute in two rows and two columns upstream of the fire source, accounting for 6.6%‐22.0% of the cross‐section of the tunnel. The slopes were selected in nine cases of 0%, ±1%, ±2%, ±3%, and ±4%. The six heat release rates were 5 MW, 10 MW, 15 MW, 20 MW, 25 MW, and 30 MW, respectively. The fire occurred on the tunnel centerline. The results show that in flat tunnels, the variation trend of critical velocity with heat release rate is basically the same, and it increases with the increase of heat release rate. However, when the heat release rate is the same, the larger the vehicle blockage ratio is, the smaller the critical velocity is. It can be seen from the second experimental case that the influence of the tunnel slope on the critical velocity is different. In the downhill tunnel, the critical velocity increases with the increase of slope. In the uphill tunnel, the critical velocity decreases with the increase of slope.

The influence of highway on local economy: Evidence from China's Yangtze River Delta region

Highway network has been constructed on a massive scale in recent decades, potentially reshaping the spatial economic pattern in China. This paper aims to investigate the influence of highway on local economic growth by exploiting county-level data of China's Yangtze River Delta region from 1993 to 2013. We employ a difference-in-differences (DID) model and control several determinants of highway location to lessen the endogeneity bias brought by non-random selection. Considering the possible impact of endogeneity, spatial dependence and unobservable variables on estimation, we conduct propensity score matching, instrumental variable estimates, spatial DID method and placebo tests to ensure the robustness of results. Our analysis shows that: (1) The opening of highway significantly stimulates the county economy, with an increasing trend on the year by year basis. (2) Highway has heterogeneous effects in terms of different locations, provinces and industries. Counties closer to the central city, in Jiangsu province or with bigger service sector, benefit more from highway operation. (3) Highway can generate an increase in market potential and then in local economic growth. In this process, highway mainly promotes the economy through the way of attracting investment and facilitating consumption. The mechanism through labor is not significant.

Research on Location Model and Scale Parameters of Multi-functional Expressway Service Area

In order to improve the scientific, rationality and characteristics of the construction of expressway service area, the main points of planning and layout of service area were studied. Firstly, the requirements and concepts of highway location selection under different functional orientations are qualitatively analyzed. Secondly, the location model is quantitatively studied based on statistics and operations research. Finally, based on the needs of people and vehicles, the scale parameters of the service area were revised. The research results show that the design concept of the service area should be targeted. The service area of different location models have different emphasis. The scale parameters of the service area should be adjusted according to the needs of people and vehicles.

Face detection and alignment method for driver on highroad based on improved multi-task cascaded convolutional networks

Driver’s face detection and alignment techniques in Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) under unlimited environment are challenging issues, which are conductive to supervising traffic order and maintaining public safety. This paper proposes the improved Multi-task Cascaded Convolutional Networks (ITS-MTCNN) to realize accurate face region detection and feature alignment of driver’s face on highway, predicting face and feature location via a coarse-to-fine pattern. Moreover, the improved regularization method and effective online hard sample mining technique are proposed in ITS-MTCNN method. Then, the training model and contrast experiment are conducted on our self-build traffic driver’s face database. Finally, the effectiveness of ITS-MTCNN method is validated by comparative experiments and verified under various complex highway conditions. At the same time, average alignment errors on left eye, right eye, nose, left mouth as well as right mouth of the proposed technique are performed. Experimental results show that ITS-MTCNN model shows satisfied performance compared to other state-of-the-art techniques used in driver’s face detection and alignment, keeping robust to the occlusion, varying pose and extreme illumination on highway.

Comparative evaluation of measures for urban highway network resilience due to traffic incidents

Abstract The resilience of an urban highway network may be described as the ability for a highway network’s operation to adapt and rapidly recover from a disruptive event. Although the concept of resilience has been studied in the past decades, researchers have yet to agree on common measures of quantifying urban highway network resilience. This paper proposed five candidate measures of urban highway network resilience that are consistent with the concept of resilience triangle. They are derived from queue length, link speed, link travel time, frontage road delay and detour route delay, respectively. These measures were calculated from outputs of a mesoscopic traffic simulation model that mimicked the highway network in the El Paso, Texas region. Thirty scenarios were simulated, each with a complete link closure at a selected major highway location caused by a traffic incident. The results have shown that the five measures are not statistically correlated with each other, and the different measures produced different ranked lists in decreasing order of the impacts of the links closure locations. This means that using different resilience measures will lead to different conclusions in the order of disruption caused by the link closures. The outcomes supports the notion that a common measure of transportation highway resilience may not be necessary, and researchers may define their own resilience measures to meet individual project’s need.

A Deep Learning Approach for Face Detection and Location on Highway

Face detection and location technique is a hot research direction during recent years. Especially, driver face detection on highway is still a challenging problem in social safty deserving research. This paper proposes a novel algorithm based on the improved Multi-task Cascaded Convolutional Networks (MTCNN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) to realize accurate face region detection and feature location of driver's face on highway, predicting face and feature location via a coarse-to-fine pattern. The proposed algorithm is verified under various complex highway conditions. Experimental results show that the proposed model shows satisfied performance compared to other state-of-the-art techniques used in driver face detection and alignment, keeping robust to the occlusions, varying pose and extreme illumination on highway.

A Conflation Methodology for Two GIS Roadway Networks and Its Application in Performance Measurements

In the current environment, in which private sector organizations play an ever increasing role in providing traffic data and tend to report data based on proprietary maps, it is inevitable that public sector agencies will want to adapt the spatial data and to use it in their legacy systems. Thus, for the same transportation infrastructures, a variety of GIS roadway datasets based on different highway reference location systems and segmentations are developed. This paper presents a method and a workflow to conflate such networks. The matching process usually involves projecting one network onto another. The first step in this process is to match the typically proprietary private sector network with the public sector legacy network. Different public and private entities may use different location referencing systems for analysis and reporting of data. So, in most cases, it is necessary to transform the spatial data from one location referencing system to another. Geographic information systems (GIS) offer a powerful tool for this purpose. GIS uses standard referencing systems to locate the features in a transportation network. This study proposes a methodology that takes advantage of GIS capabilities in the projection of transportation networks. A workflow is introduced based on the proposed methodology. A tool is created to perform the projection in the ESRI ArcGIS environment. Sanity checks and some reporting options are presented. Results are reported on projecting a subset of the Highway Performance Measurement System (HPMS) used by Maryland State Highway Administration onto the Traffic Message Channel (TMC) network in Maryland.

Drawing Natures: US Highway Location, Representational Techniques and the Rise of Ecological Design

Drawing Natures: US Highway Location, Representational Techniques and the Rise of Ecological Design

Analysis of the Tourism Locations of Chinese Provinces and Autonomous Regions: An Analysis Based on Cities

Based on the data collected from cities, this paper analyzes the conditions of tourism location of provinces and autonomous regions. For the method, this paper uses Geographic Information System (GIS) technology and statistical analysis methods to try to analyze tourism geographic conditions from the relationship of tourism industrial location and Chinese arterial highway location, so as to provide a reference for the development of regional tourism.

IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDOUS RURAL HIGHWAY LOCATIONS

An effective procedure was developed for identifying hazardous rural highway locations based on accident statistics. Indicators of accident experience that are necessary include the number of fatal accidents, total number of accidents, number of equivalent-property-damage- only accidents, and the nature of the local safety improvement program, local traffic and roadway conditions, and prevailing attitudes toward highway safety. Specific recommendations are given for use of the procedure in Kentucky. Critical accident rates are established by using quality control procedures. In identification of hazardous highway locations, distinction is made between short highway segments (spots) and large segments (sections), and spots are further classified as intersection and nonintersection locations. Intersection spots should include a distance of 0.15 mile (0.24KM) along all approaches; nonintersection spots should be 0.3-mile (0.48-km) floating segments; and sections should be 3-mile (4.8-km) floating segments. Both spots and sections should be classified by highway type and location. The use of 1- and 2-year intervals for accumulating and evaluating accident statistics was found to be desirable.

Prioritizing highway defragmentation locations for restoring landscape connectivity

SUMMARYTransport infrastructures are a major driver of global landscape change. In many areas, highways were built before environmental impact assessments required the implementation of wildlife crossing structures. A fundamental task in the development of ecological networks is identifying areas where dispersal pathways of vulnerable populations may be blocked or affected by high volume roads. Financial considerations may limit investment, thus it is vital to establish the relative contribution of each road defragmentation location to upholding habitat connectivity and availability. In this paper, recent methodological developments in habitat network analysis, derived from the probability of connectivity index, were refined and used to evaluate the role of each highway defragmentation location in restoring landscape connectivity. The forest protected area network in the Basque country (northern Spain) was selected as an illustrative case study. The proposed approach was able to quantify and effectively account for a combination of factors determining the contribution of each highway defragmentation location to upholding connectivity, which are rarely jointly considered in analyses oriented to support restoration decisions in landscapes affected by the barrier effect of transport infrastructures. The contribution to connectivity of each defragmentation location depended on its topological position in the landscape, on the relative decrease in the effective distance among habitat areas that results from the permeability restoration at that location, on the distance from the defragmentation location to other alternative wildlife crossing structures already existing in the landscape, on the amount of habitat in the areas connected by the linkages that run through the defragmentation location and on the dispersal abilities of the focal species.

The habitat-specific effects of highway proximity on ground-dwelling arthropods: Implications for biodiversity conservation

The total length of highways worldwide has increased continuously over recent decades. Highways and their roadside verges may substantially affect species dispersal, and the ecological effects of highways often extend to neighbouring areas. This study investigated the effects of highways on assemblages of ground-dwelling arthropods in neighbouring forest and open habitats. In total, 24 sites within five highway segments situated in the Czech Republic were sampled using transects of pitfall traps placed at increasing distances (0, 50 and 100m) from the edge of highway verges. The total catch size and species richness of ground-dwelling spiders and beetles varied more strongly with distance from the highway edge in forest habitats than in open habitats. Species composition of both spiders and beetles was significantly affected by distance from the highway edge in open habitats as well as in forest habitats. In general, the species richness of forest specialist beetles (but not of spiders) was negatively affected by highway proximity in forested sites, whereas habitat generalists and open habitat specialists (both spiders and beetles) benefited from proximity to a highway in both forest and open habitats. Our results indicate that highway verges may potentially enhance local assemblages of ground dwelling spiders and beetles because they provide suitable sites (in intensively managed open landscapes) or dispersal corridors (in forested landscapes) for habitat generalists and open habitat specialist species. However, negative effects on forest specialists must also be considered, especially in landscapes with little forest. The landscape context should be given substantial consideration in future decisions about highway location because possible threats to forest specialists and benefits for other species must be recognised and balanced.

Method of TER Location for High-Grade Highway Based on Fuzzy Rough Set

The location technology of Truck Escape Ramp(TER) is the important guarantee for fully developing the TER actions and ensuring operation safety of heavy vehicles on long-steep downgrade. In order to improve the precision of TER location, this paper thoroughly analyzed the influence factors of TER location from the view of traffic accidents statistical data, road conditions and vehicle status. Expounded the theory of fuzzy rough set. Put forward the method of highway TER location based on fuzzy rough set. Used this method to evaluate the running safety of the unit sections on the long-steep downgrade. Calculated the comprehensive safety index values of sample sections and made ones with high comprehensive safety index values as the candidate sections for TER. Determined the accurate positions of the TER based on comparison of the comprehensive safety index value of adjacent candidate sections. Setting effect shows that the TER position determined by the method are scientific and rational.

Analysis of Heavy Metals Concentration in Wastewater along Highways in Croatia

In this paper we have analysed concetrations of heavy metals (lead, copper, nickel, zink, mercury, cadmium, and chromium) in wastewater along highways in Croatia. We have used standard statistical methods: analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis test and principal analysis. Analysis of variance and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to detect factors that influence the concentration of lead, copper, nickel, and zink in wastewater. We have investigated the influence of the highway sampling location, the side of a highway, and the influence of the season of the year. Principal components were used to identify groups of elements with similar characteristics in wastewater.

Investigating the Use of 3D Graphics, Haptics (Touch), and Sound for Highway Location Planning

Planning of transportation infrastructure requires analyzing combinations of many different types of geospatial information (maps). Conventional Geographic Information Systems (GIS) or Computer Aided Design systems limit the planner's ability to perceive and effectively use multiple data layers together. To improve the planner's ability to interact with multiple layers of disparate spatial information, this article presents a novel computer system, which combines vision with haptics (touch) and sound. In this new form of Multi-Sensory Information System (MSIS), visual information is augmented by a 3-D haptic device (PHANToM) and by sound (sonification). In a recent study, it was investigated how engineering students used this multi-sensory GIS for planning the location (the alignment) of a new road. The results indicate that certain forms of vision, haptics, and audio were used preferentially to represent certain types of spatial data. A generalization of such a multi-sensory approach could provide researchers with the basis for further development and, eventually, the augmentation of established procedures with the MSIS in highway location planning and related areas.

Impact of cold and snow on temporal and spatial variations of highway traffic volumes

Presented in this paper is an investigation of the impact of cold and snow on daily and hourly traffic volume variations with detailed considerations to the highway type and location. Regression models are developed to relate the daily and hourly traffic volumes with categorized cold and total snowfall. The study results indicate that the impact of cold and snow on traffic volume varies with day of the week, hour of the day and the type of highway. The commuter roads experience lowest reductions in traffic volume due to cold (up to 14%) while the recreational roads experience highest reduction (up to 31%). Impact of cold on off-peak hours (−10% to −15%) is generally higher than peak hours (−6% to −10%) for commuter roads and an opposite pattern is observed for recreational roads (peak hour reductions of 30–58% and off-peak hour reductions of 18–30%). A clear indication of reduction in traffic volume due to snow is also observed for all types of highways. A detailed investigation is also carried out in this study to illustrate the usefulness of the developed weather models in the context of missing traffic data imputations.