According to the varied and highly complex characteristics of Chinese toll highway enterprises' productive efficiency, we propose a hierarchical efficiency and factor analysis method which integrates environmental factors and DEA window analysis and Tobit model. Through two output variables, three input variables, 11 environment variables, and panel data analysis during 2007 to 2014, we found that: (a) the overall productive efficiency of Chinese toll highway enterprises is at a high level and its growth keeps fluctuating; (b) the factors of establishment life of toll highway enterprises, the management efficiency and growth in total retail sales of social consumer goods have a positive effect on productive efficiency of Chinese toll highway enterprises; (c) the factors of rates of employees' wages, China economic growth and possession of highway business transportation vehicles showed a negative correlation on productive efficiency of Chinese toll highway enterprises.