High Load Research Articles

Characterizing hydrogen-diesel dual-fuel performance and emissions in a commercial heavy-duty diesel truck

This study investigates hydrogen (H2) as a supplementary fuel in heavy-duty diesel engines using pre-manifold injection. A H2-diesel dual-fuel (H2DF) system was implemented on a commercial class-8 heavy-duty diesel truck without modifying the original diesel injection system and engine control unit (ECU). Tests were conducted on a chassis dynamometer at engine speeds between 1000-1400rpm with driver-demanded torques from 10-75%. The hydrogen energy fraction (HEF) was strategically controlled in the range between 10-30%. Overall, CO2 reduction (comparable to the HEF level) was achieved with similar brake-specific energy consumption (BSEC) at all loads and speeds. To maintain the same shaft torque, the driver demanded torque was reduced in H2DF operation, which resulted in a lower boost pressure. At higher loads, engine-out BSNOx slightly decreased, while BSCO and black carbon (BC) increased significantly due to lower oxygen concentration resulting from the lower boost pressure. At lower loads, engine-out BSCO and BSBC decreased moderately, while NO2/NO ratio increased substantially in H2DF operation. Deliberate air path and diesel injection control are expected to enable higher HEF and GHG reductions.

Investigation of Mother-to-Child Transmission of Hepatitis B in Yinchuan, China: Cross-Sectional Survey Study.

Hepatitis B poses a significant global public health challenge, with mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) being the primary method of hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission. The prevalence of HBV infection in China is the highest in Asia, and it carries the greatest burden globally. This study aims to critically evaluate the existing local strategies for preventing MTCT and the proposed potential enhancements by analyzing the prevalence of hepatitis B among pregnant women and their neonates in Yinchuan. From January 2017 to December 2021, 37,557 prenatal screening records were collected. Among them, 947 pregnant women who tested positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) near delivery and their 960 neonates were included in an HBV-exposed group, while 29 pregnant women who tested negative and their 30 neonates were included in an HBV-nonexposed group. HBV markers in maternal peripheral blood and neonatal cord blood were analyzed using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, logistic regression, chi-square test, t-test, and U-test. Additionally, to further evaluate the diagnostic value of HBsAg positivity in cord blood, we conducted an additional follow-up study on 103 infants who tested positive for HBsAg in their cord blood. The prevalence of HBV among pregnant women was 2.5% (947/37,557), with a declining trend every year (χ²4=19.7; P=.001). From 2018 to 2020, only 33.0% (35/106) of eligible pregnant women received antiviral medication treatment. Using LASSO regression to screen risk factors correlated with HBsAg positivity in cord blood (when log [λ] reached a minimum value of -5.02), 5 variables with nonzero coefficients were selected, including maternal hepatitis B e-antigen (HBeAg) status, maternal hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) status, maternal HBV DNA load, delivery method, and neonatal birth weight. Through univariate and multivariate logistic regression, delivery by cesarean section (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.52, 95% CI 0.31-0.87), maternal HBeAg positivity (aOR 2.05, 95% CI 1.27-3.33), low maternal viral load (aOR 2.69, 95% CI 1.33-5.46), and high maternal viral load (aOR 2.69, 95% CI 1.32-5.51) were found to be strongly associated with cord blood HBsAg positivity. In the additional follow-up study, 61 infants successfully completed the follow-up, and only 2 were found to be infected with HBV. The mothers of both these infants had detectable HBV DNA levels and should have received standard antiviral therapy. The results of the hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) positivity rate and titer test indicated a gradual decline in the immunity of vaccinated infants as the interval after vaccination increased. The clinical relevance of HBV marker detection in cord blood is restricted within the current prevention measures for MTCT. There is an emphasis on the significance of public education regarding hepatitis B and the reinforcement of postnatal follow-up for the prevention of MTCT.

The Influence of Structural Parameters on the Ultimate Strength Capacity of a Designed Vertical Axis Turbine Blade for Ocean Current Power Generators

An ocean current power generator is a power plant that uses kinetic energy from ocean currents to generate electricity. Considering that the blade is the component that receives the biggest load from seawater currents, its structural design should be strong enough to sustain the applied load. Therefore, this research seeks a suitable design and material for turbine blades using the finite element method (FEM). A NACA 0021 blade with a total length of 3600 mm is used for the base geometry. A parametric study was conducted by varying the spacing between the supports, the pitch angle, the material, and the frame model. Considering a high load, the suitable amount of space between the stiffeners was 2200 mm. It was found that a pitch angle variation between −20° and +20° did not significantly affect the strength of the blade structure. The frame geometry variation caused the rigidity and cross-section area of the blade to differ. Therefore, web-shaped or bar-shaped frames are preferable because they have optimal maximum load-to-weight ratios. The material variation analysis resulted in CFRP material being chosen because it had a high maximum load/weight ratio and a high maximum stress.

In‐Situ Solid Electrolyte Interface via Dual Reaction Strategy for Highly Reversible Zinc Anode

AbstractIn situ construction of solid electrolyte interfaces (SEI) is an effective strategy to enhance the reversibility of zinc (Zn) anodes. However, in situ SEI to afford high reversibility under high current density conditions (≥20 mA cm−2) is highly desired yet extremely challenging. Herein, we propose a dual reaction strategy of spontaneous electrostatic reaction and electrochemical decomposition for the in situ construction of SEI, which is composed of organic‐rich upper layer and inorganic‐rich inner layer. Particularly, in situ SEI performs as “growth binder“ at small current density and “orientation regulator” at high current density, which significantly suppresses side reactions and dendrite growth. The in situ SEI affords the record‐breaking reversibility of Zn anode under practical conditions, Zn//Zn symmetric cells can stably cycle for over 1300 h and 400 h at current densities of 50 mA cm−2 and 100 mA cm−2, respectively, showcasing an exceptional cumulative capacity of 67.5 Ah cm−2. Furthermore, the practicality of this in situ SEI is verified in Zn//PANI pouch cells with high mass loading of 25.48 mg cm−2. This work provides a universal strategy to design advanced SEI for practical Zn‐ion batteries.

Fast two-dimensional positioning method of Crab pulsar based on multiple optimization algorithms

Abstract In the two-dimensional positioning method of pulsars, the grid method is used to provide non-sensitive direction and positional estimates. However, the grid method has a high computational load and low accuracy due to the interval of the grid. To improve estimation accuracy and reduce the computational load, we propose a fast two-dimensional positioning method for the crab pulsar based on multiple optimization algorithms (FTPCO). The FTPCO uses the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm, three-point orientation method, particle swarm optimization and Newton-Raphson-based optimizer to substitute the grid method. Firstly, to avoid the influence of the non-sensitive direction on positioning, we take orbital error and the distortion of the pulsar profile as optimization objectives and combine the grid method with the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm or particle swarm optimization to search for the non-sensitive direction. Then, on the sensitive plane perpendicular to the non-sensitive direction, the three-point orientation method is proposed to fast search the sensitive direction and sub-sensitive direction. Finally, the Newton-Raphson-based optimizer is employed on the sensitive and sub-sensitive directions to achieve two-dimensional positioning of the Crab pulsar. The simulation results show that the computational load of the FTPCO is reduced by 89.4% and the positioning accuracy of the FTPCO is improved by approximately 38% compared with the grid method. The proposed method has the advantage of high real-time accuracy and does not fall into the local optimum.

Effect of ketone monoester supplementation on elite operators’ mountaineering training

IntroductionSpecial Operations Forces (SOF) often conduct operations in physiologically stressful environments such as severe heat, cold, or hypoxia, which can induce decreases in a variety of cognitive abilities. Given the promising empirical demonstration of the efficacy of exogenous ketone monoester (KME) supplementation in attenuating cognitive performance decrease during hypoxia at rest in a laboratory setting, we conducted a real-world, field experiment examining KME’s efficacy during high-altitude mountaineering, an austere environment in which US SOF have conducted increasing numbers of operations over the past two decades.MethodsSpecifically, 34 students and cadre at the US Army 10th Special Forces Group Special Operations Advanced Mountaineering School (SOAMS) participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo (PLA)–controlled crossover trial (KME vs. PLA) over 2 days of tactical mountain operations training. The participants ascended from 7,500 ft in altitude (basecamp) to 12,460 ft on 1 day and 13,627 ft the other day (in randomized order), while performing various training activities inducing high physical and cognitive loads over 8–12 h, and consumed six doses of KME or PLA 2–3 h apart throughout each training day.Results and DiscussionWhile KME increased blood ketone levels and decreased glucose levels, there were no clear indications that the elevated ketone level enhanced physical or cognitive performance. KME also produced a greater incidence of heartburn, nausea, and vomiting. In these elite operators, high-altitude mountaineering had a limited impact on cognitive performance, and KME supplementation did not demonstrate any benefit.

Ag/BN/EVA Yarn Artificial Muscles with Low Drive Voltage, High Load Capacity, and High Energy Density

Ag/BN/EVA Yarn Artificial Muscles with Low Drive Voltage, High Load Capacity, and High Energy Density

Modular Assembled Localized Hybridization Chain Reaction for In Situ mRNA Amplified Imaging.

As a nonenzymatic DNA signal amplification technique, localized hybridization chain reaction (LHCR) was designed to improve the limitations in response speed and low sensitivity of conventional free diffusional HCR (hybridization chain reaction). However, it is still confronted with the challenges of complicated DNA scaffolds with low loading capacity and a time-consuming process of diffusion. Herein, we introduced modular assembly of a DNA minimal scaffold for coassembly of DNA hairpins for amplified fluorescence imaging of mRNA in situ. DNA hairpins were spatially bound to two Y-shaped modules to form H-shaped DNA modules, and then multiple H-shaped DNA modules can further assemble into an H-module-based hairpin scaffold (HHS). Benefiting from highly spatial localization and high loading capacity, the HHS system showed higher sensitivity and faster speed. It has also been proven to work perfectly in vitro and in vivo, which could provide a promising bioanalysis system for low abundance biomolecule detection.

A comprehensive study on dry sliding wear and in-vitro degradation of AZ31 composite with 6 wt% Sn and 1.5 wt% TiO2 fabricated by stir casting

Abstract This experimental study investigates the dry sliding wear behaviour of novel AZ31 composite with 6 wt% Sn and 1.5 wt% TiO2 samples, focusing on the influence of sliding distance and normal load. Additionally, the research examines degradation rates during a 120-hour immersion period in simulated body fluid (SBF). The wear volume loss increased significantly with higher loads and longer sliding distances, showing a 142% rise from 1000 m to 2000 m and 76% from 2000 m to 3000 m under a 5 N load, peaking at a 25 N load over 5000 m. The specific wear rate dropped by 39% from 5 N to 15 N but increased with distance due to thermal softening, while the coefficient of friction decreased from 0.284 at 1000 m to 0.213 at 5000 m under 5 N. FESEM analysis revealed a transition from abrasive to delamination wear, with a protective oxide layer forming during sliding. Sn in the composite formed hard Mg2Sn intermetallic compounds, affecting crack formation and propagation under higher loads. Wear debris analysis showed both abrasive and delamination wear mechanisms, highlighting the protective role of the oxide layer. The degradation rate increased rapidly during the initial immersion stage in simulated body fluid (SBF), reaching 15.9 mm year−1 after 24 h, and then stabilizing after 48 h. Hydrogen evolution rose sharply from 0.28 ml cm−12 at 2 h to 7.6 ml cm−12 within 24 h, with a 92% increase by 48 h and an additional 38% increase from 48 to 72 h. Post-immersion FESEM analysis showed corroded surfaces with protective layers, cracks, and pitting corrosion. Magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) and hydroxyapatite played crucial roles in inhibiting corrosion. This analysis provides insights into the wear, and degradation dynamics of the AZ31-6Sn/1.5TiO2 composite, with implications for engineering applications and the development of biodegradable implants in biomedical fields.

Allostasis as a consequence of high heat load in grain fed feedlot cattle

Abstract Heat wave intensity, frequency and duration are increasing in many regions of the world, including locations where highly productive livestock are raised. There are animal health and welfare, as well as economic impacts from these events. In this study, the physiological responses of grain fed steers during a high heat load challenge through to recovery in climate controlled rooms (CCR) were intensively evaluated. Two cohorts of 12 Black Angus steers (BW, 615.4 ± 40.1 kg) sequentially underwent a simulated heatwave event that consisted of three phases in the CCR: PreChallenge (5 d duration, temperature humidity index (THI) range of 65 to 71), Challenge (7 d duration, THI 66 to 95 with diurnal cycling), and Recovery (5 d duration, THI 65 to 70). The Challenge period was modelled on a severe heat wave, characterised by three very hot days. Individual rumen temperature (RumT, °C) was collected every 10 min, and respiration rate (RR, breaths per minute), panting score (PS) and water usage (WU, L∙steer-1∙day-1) were obtained at multiple time points every day, by trained observers. Individual animal daily DMI was also determined. Morning (0700 h) rectal temperature was measured on d 3, 5, 7 to 13, 15 and 17. Not unexpectedly, RumT, RecT, RR and PS rose during Challenge, and fell rapidly as conditions eased. Conversely, DMI was reduced during Challenge. During the transition between PreChallenge and Challenge, there were abrupt increases in RumT, and RR. It was also very apparent that during Recovery the steers did not return to the baseline PreChallenge state. Compared to PreChallenge, Recovery was characterized by persistent lowered daily mean RumT (P = 0.0010), RecT (P = 0.0922), RR (P = 0.0257), PS (P ≤ 0.0001), and DMI (P ≤ 0.0001). These results provide evidence that these steers have undergone an allostatic response in response to high heat load, and the new adjusted physiological state post heat event may not be transient.

Boosting the performance of Zn ion hybrid supercapacitors by regulating the chemically and physically active sites of graphene films.

Reduced graphene oxide (RGO) is an ideal material as an electrode used in the electrochemical energy storage field. However, the serious aggregation of graphene sheets and fewer chemically active sites limit it from exhibiting higher performance. Herein, we introduce a facile solvothermal reaction method to simultaneously regulate the functional groups on RGO, balance the aggregation and connection of graphene sheets, and dope the nitrogen element in a graphene network. The obtained electrode (RGO-N(DMF)) has a high content of carbonyl and nitrogen functional groups, and shows a fluffy structure as well as good electron conductivity, exhibiting both high chemically and physically actives sites. Benefiting from these advantages, RGO-N(DMF) shows a high specific capacity of 135 mA h g-1 at 0.2 A g-1 and favorable rate performance of maintaining 53% capacity at 50 A g-1, which are both higher than those of the normal hydrothermally obtained RGO electrodes. More interestingly, RGO-N(DMF) can maintain the high electrochemical performance at a high mass loading of 5.1 mg cm-2. In addition, when the RGO-N(DMF) electrode is used in the flexible Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitor (ZHS), the capacity retention remains at 100% after 500-time bending, showing excellent mechanical flexibility. This study not only provides an effective strategy for constructing carbon-based cathode materials with excellent properties, but also provides prospects and enlightenment for the practical application of aqueous ZHSs.

Struktur Komunitas Fitoplankton pada Budidaya Ikan Koi (Cyprinus Rubrosfuscus) dalam Sistem Vertiqua Menggunakan Biofikal Filter Atas

Vertiqua biofical top filter is a cultivation technique with a recirculation system that utilizes limited land. Vertiqua is a solution for cultivation. When cultivating koi fish in vertiqua, the feed capacity increases and there is a high nutrient load so that the waters are easily polluted, therefore the presence of an upper biophysical filter can reduce pollution. This is important to study, especially the structure of the phytoplankton community because it is one of the biological indicators of ponds in koi fish cultivation. This research was carried out for 6 weeks in Sindangpalay Ciberem Sukabumi. The research was carried out by taking phytoplankton in the vertiqua at intervals of once every 2 weeks. The data analysis in this research is abundance, diversity, uniformity and dominance. During the research results obtained were abundance 636-673, diversity 2.6, uniformity 0.9, and dominance 0.01. The water quality studied was ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, pH, DO, turbidity and temperature. These waters are stable and healthy, which is a positive indicator to support fish farming activities. The water quality in Vertiqua is classified as good and the ecosystem is balanced, these waters are ideal for supporting the productivity and health of farmed fish.

Optimized Design of Modular Constructed Wetland for Treating Rural Black–Odorous Water

In recent years, the phenomenon of black–odorous water has occurred frequently, and constructed wetlands have been widely used as an effective means of treating black–odorous water. In order to achieve the goal of low-carbon and high-efficiency long-term clean-up of black–odorous water, the modular constructed wetland system was optimized in this study. The optimized modular constructed wetland consisted of aeration, denitrification, and phosphorus removal, of which the denitrification module was a sulfur–iron autotrophic denitrification unit and the phosphorus removal module was a polyaluminum chloride composite filler phosphorus-removal unit. Experimental findings indicated that modular systems with layout ratios of 1:3:1 (A) and 1:2:2 (B) exhibit outstanding performance in remediating contaminants from black–odorous water. Notably, system B demonstrated superior treatment efficiency. Under conditions of high pollution loading, system B consistently achieved stable removal rates for COD (95.79%), TN (91.74%), NH4+-N (95.17%), and TP (82.21%). The combination of along-track changes and high-throughput sequencing results showed that the synergies among the units did not produce negative effects during the purification process, and each unit realized its predefined function. Changes in the substrate and internal environment of the wetland units caused changes in the microbial populations, and the unique microbial community structure of the units ensured that they were effective in removing different pollutants.

Single‐ion conducting polymer electrolytes with temperature‐independent modulus using cellulose nanocrystal‐MXene and Poly(tetramethylene glycol)‐based waterborne polyurethane and PEO

AbstractWith the rapid progress of electric vehicles, the focus on high‐energy‐density anodes has increased substantially. Lithium metal (Li) possesses a high energy density of 3800 mAh/g. However, it poses safety issues for liquid electrolytes, mandating the use of safer replacements like solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs). In this regard, polyethylene oxide (PEO), as the most prominent SPE, shows the highest ionic conductivity (σ) among polymers despite facing challenges including loss of thermomechanical stability around 60°C and low lithium‐ion (Li+) transference number (). Here, we designed SPEs consisting of PEO, poly (tetramethylene glycol)‐based waterborne polyurethane (WPU), cellulose nanocrystal (CNC), and MXene. The presence of WPU was quite effective at increasing (). High CNC loading () made elastic modulus () independent of temperature with terminal , while improving σ and . These achievements were attributed to CNCs competing with over oxygen atoms of PEO and the formation of a strong CNC network. was able to increase σ from attributed to intercalation of PEO into its interlayer spaces while also increasing to 0.897. The SPEs showed a high electrochemical stability window. The optimal electrolyte showed high Coulombic efficiency and stable cycling performance.Highlights Ionomeric units resulted in a high lithium‐ion transference number () Hydrogen bonding was partially responsible for increased Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) increased ionic conductivity and CNCs suppressed PEO spherulites' size and increased thermomechanical stability MXene disrupts PEO crystal growth and provides a new route for conduction

Nor-LAAM loaded PLGA microparticles for treating opioid use disorder

The treatment landscape for opioid use disorder (OUD) faces challenges stemming from the limited efficacy of existing medications, poor adherence to prescribed regimens, and a heightened risk of fatal overdose post-treatment cessation. Therefore, there is a pressing need for innovative therapeutic strategies that enhance the effectiveness of interventions and the overall well-being of individuals with OUD. This study explored the therapeutic potential of nor-Levo-α-acetylmethadol (nor-LAAM) to treat OUD. We developed sustained release nor-LAAM-loaded poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microparticles (MP) using a hydrophobic ion pairing (HIP) approach. The nor-LAAM-MP prepared using HIP with pamoic acid had high drug loading and exhibited minimal initial burst release and sustained release. The nor-LAAM-MP was further optimized for desirable particle size, drug loading, and release kinetics. The lead nor-LAAM-MP (F4) had a relatively high drug loading (11 wt%) and an average diameter (19 μm) and maintained a sustained drug release for 4 weeks. A single subcutaneous injection of nor-LAAM-MP (F4) provided detectable nor-LAAM levels in rabbit plasma for at least 15 days. We further evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of nor-LAAM-MP (F4) in a well-established fentanyl-addiction rat model, and revealed a marked reduction in fentanyl choice and withdrawal symptoms in fentanyl-dependent rats. These findings provide insights into further developing long-acting nor-LAAM-MP for treating OUD. It has the potential to offer a new effective medication to the existing sparse armamentarium of products available to treat OUD.

A novel design method of a nonlinear elastic mechanism for series elastic actuators

Series elastic actuators with increasing nonlinear stiffness(NlSEA) have promising applications in human-machine interactions for the existence of a nonlinear elastic mechanism that supplies inherent safety and can implement high torque resolution under low load and quick dynamic response under high load. In this study, a novel design method for a nonlinear elastic mechanism that can be applied in NlSEA is proposed. By combining the S-shaped cantilever beam and specialized cam surface, this study proposed an analytical approach to design a nonlinear elastic mechanism satisfying a given stiffening torque-deformation relationship. The geometric parameters constraints were discussed to support parameter determination. Two kinds of cases of nonlinear elastic mechanisms with increasing and constant stiffness characteristics were conducted to verify the effectiveness and generalizability of the proposed design method by simulations. Moreover, a nonlinear elastic mechanism with an increasing stiffness characteristic was designed and a prototype was fabricated. A torque-deformation verification experiment, regulation response experiments, and sinusoidal tracking experiments were conducted to verify the accuracy, response performance, and tracking performance of the prototype. The designed nonlinear elastic mechanism has a large torque-to-mass ratio in a compact and lightweight structure.

Robust ring insoluble naphthoquinone derivative cathode with high loading and long cycle life for aqueous zinc organic batteries

Robust ring insoluble naphthoquinone derivative cathode with high loading and long cycle life for aqueous zinc organic batteries

Design and Simulation of an Innovative Modular Four-Bar Linkage Robotic Arm: Analysis and Applications

In response to the issues of traditional manipulators, such as difficulty in controlling the terminal posture during motion, low control precision, and complex structure, a modular mechanical arm based on a parallel four-bar terminal posture maintenance mechanism has been designed to meet the special requirements of terminal posture maintenance. By analyzing the motion mechanism of the manipulator, the shape space of the manipulator, the terminal position space, and the relationships of forward and inverse kinematics have been derived. A simulation model of the linkage manipulator was established in the Robotic Toolbook for Matlab environment, and structural simulation analysis and kinematic equation verification were conducted. The end positioning and attitude control of different manipulators are simulated by Matlab programming. The working space of the manipulators is calculated by Monte Carlo method, and compared with that of traditional planar manipulators. The results show the validity of the kinematics equation and the rationality of the end positioning control scheme of the linkage manipulator. Finally, the experiment verifies that the attitude retention rate of the modular decoupling manipulator is 97.78% under high load, which verifies the reliability of this scheme. In addition, the manipulator can simplify the complexity of the mechanical structure and complete the control requirements of the terminal attitude under the premise of increasing the working space as much as possible, which lays a foundation for the design and optimization of the manipulator in the field of modular terminal attitude.

Distribution and Risk Assessment of VOCs in Road Dust Across Different Urban Areas

ABSTRACT Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are significant pollutants in urban road dust, but their distribution and associated health risks remain unclear. VOC distribution in road dust from six distinct urban areas in Beijing Daxing District, China was systematically investigated. Eighteen VOCs were detected, with the highest load in commercial areas (7.73 μg/g), followed by industrial parks (6.38 μg/g), residential areas (3.35 μg/g), leisure areas (2.79 μg/g), traffic areas (2.01 μg/g) and urban-rural fringe (1.85 μg/g), much lower than in air and water phases. Typical VOCs in road dust include methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) (0.82–1.24 μg/g), benzene series compounds (0.02–4.19 μg/g) and volatile halogenated alkanes (0.002-0.095 μg/g). Incomplete combustion of road vehicle fuels is the key source of VOCs. Particular attention was given to VOCs in typical sites within the urban-rural fringe, known for their unique pollution characteristics. The VOCs loads were ranked as follows: Gas Stations (2.61–2.62 μg/g) > Intersection (1.41 μg/g) > Main Road (1.34 μg/g) > University Gate (1.27 μg/g). Increased vehicle activity and frequent stalling contribute to higher VOCs accumulation in road dust. Health risk assessment indicates there is no appreciable non-carcinogenic risk associated with exposure to road dust VOCs. Further research should consider VOCs in the broader environmental context, including air and water.

Glycyrrhizic acid and glycyrrhetinic acid loaded cyclodextrin MOFs with enhanced antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects for accelerating diabetic wound healing

A water stable cyclodextrin MOF (Cu-SD) was synthesized with γ-cyclodextrin derivative as organic ligand and Cu2+ as metal center to co-crystallizely load glycyrrhizic acid (GL) and glycyrrhetinic acid (GA). Cu-SD has a high drug loading capacity for GL (499.91μg/mg) and GA (112.37μg/mg), and the drug-loaded materials had a controlled release in different meadiums. In addition, Cu-SD and its drug loaded materials demonstrated better inhibiting α-glucosidase activity than the control drug acarbose. Furthermore, Cu-SD presented excellent antibacterial activity, and the antibacterial activity was significantly enhanced after GA and GL being encapsulated by Cu-SD. Moreover, both free and drug-loaded materials had good anti-inflammatory activities, and the anti-inflammatory effects of GL@Cu-SD and GA@Cu-SD were superior to those of their corresponding free drugs. Cu-SD, GL@Cu-SD and GA@Cu-SD demonstrated good biocompatibility and were applied to treat the wounds of diabetic rats. The experimental results showed that GL@Cu-SD and GA@Cu-SD had good promoting effects on the recovery of chronic diabetic wounds by suppressing wound inflammation.