Highest Tyrosinase Inhibition Activity Research Articles

Genistein Content and Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activity of Edamame (Glycine max) Extracts

The study aimed to determine genistein content and tyrosinase inhibition activity of 70% ethanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of edamame (Glycine max) with an extraction time of 15, 30, and 60 minutes. Extraction was performed using the ultrasonication method. Determination of genistein content was carried out using TLC-densitometry. Furthermore, all samples were tested for their tyrosinase inhibition activity using the spectrophotometric assay. Ethyl acetate extract with 60 min of extraction time exhibited the highest extraction yield (6.414% w/w), the highest genistein content (0.169 ± 0.007% w/w), and the highest tyrosinase inhibition activity (IC50 = 72.420 ± 0.550 µg/mL). It was known that the genistein content of 70% ethanolic and ethyl acetate extracts affected tyrosinase inhibition activity with correlation coefficient (r) values of 0.9973 and 0.9826, respectively. G. max was suggested as a tyrosinase inhibitor agent from natural sources for skin whitening product development due to its isoflavones content, mainly genistein.

Bioactivity determination and development of skin care product containing Cassia fistula bark extract

The determine of active contents, free radical scavenging and tyrosinase inhibition activity of Cassia fistula extracts for development of skin care product was presented in this study. C. fistula was extracted by 95% ethanol. Then, the extracts were determined total phenolic content, phytochemical constituents, free radical scavenging and tyrosinase inhibition activity. The formulation containing the selected C. fistula extract was prepared and examined the bioactivities and stability of this formulation. C. fistula extract from bark provided the highest total phenolic content and free radical scavenging activity of 22.35±1.38 GAE/g and the IC50 value of 0.01±0.01 mg/ml, respectively. The highest tyrosinase inhibition activity was observed in C. fistula extract from flower at the IC50 value of 0.54±0.01 mg/ml. The C. fistula extract from bark was selected to be active ingredient in skin care product. At 4±2 °C storage, the formulation containing C. fistula extract from bark showed the highest stability without changing the color, odor, homogeneity, viscosity and pH. The bioactivities of the formulation containing C. fistula extract from bark were slightly decreased in all temperatures at the end of stability test. In this study, C. fistula extract from bark has the potential of tyrosinase inhibition and free radical scavenging activity. Therefore, it may be the appropriate choice for skin care products that aim to provide whitening effects.

Chemical composition and bioactivities of essential oils from Pulicaria vulgaris subsp. dentata (Sm.) Batt. growing in Tunisia

ABSTRACTThe essential oils of the aerial parts and roots (APEO and REO) of Pulicaria vulgaris subsp. dentata (Sm.) Batt. were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Twenty-one compounds (97.2% of the total oil composition) were identified in the REO, with γ-irone (39.2%), 7-epi-silphiperfol-5-ene (19.3%), 2,5-dimethoxy-p-cymene (8.5%) and γ-himachalene (8.0%) as main constituents. The APEO was rich in cis-β-guaiene (59.7%), together with eighteen other compounds, accounting for 93.2% of the total oil composition. Antiradical and enzymatic antioxidant properties of the isolated oils were also evaluated. The REO exhibited the highest antioxidant activity using DPPH, ABTS, catalase and paraoxonase tests. Antimicrobial, cytotoxic and tyrosinase inhibiting properties of these essential oils have been also studied. APEO exhibited significant activity towards Pseudomonas syringae and Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The REO showed the most significant cytotoxic effect against HeLa cell line and the highest tyrosinase inhibition activity.

Comparison of Antioxidant and Anti-Tyrosinase Activities of Pineapple (Ananas comosus) Core Extract and Luteolin Compound

Free radicals and UV exposure can cause aging. Aging prevention needs substances that can prevent molecular oxidation reactions in cells and inhibit the activity of enzymes that trigger aging. Research on pineapple skin and flesh extract (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) reported the presence of luteolin compound which functions as antioxidants and antityrosinase. However, in this study, the object used was pineapple core extract (PCE), which has not been widely known for its antioxidant and antityrosinase activity. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the content of phytochemical compounds, antioxidant activity, and inhibitory activity of tyrosinase enzymes by PCE and then compared with the luteolin (LT) compound test results using Fansworth method, DPPH scavenging activity assay and tyrosinase enzyme inhibition assay. Based on the study results, the phytochemical compounds contained in PCE were tannins and triterpenoids. PCE and LT produced the highest DPPH scavenging activity, which was 64.86% and 59.32% (final concentration 200μg/ml and 6.25μg/ml) and the highest tyrosinase inhibition activity, which was 60.52% and 85.02% (final concentration 100 μg/ml). Antioxidant activity was determined based on IC50 of 87.46µg/mL and 4.17 µg/ml respectively. IC50 tyrosinase enzyme inhibition EBN and LT respectively at 62.27µg/ml and 5.25 µg/ml. Antioxidant activity through DPPH free radical scavenging test and tyrosinase enzyme inhibition activity by PCE was lower than LT.

백출 추출물과 L-cysteine의 병용처리가 양송이버섯의 갈변억제에 미치는 영향

This study investigated that anti-browning effects of Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba extract and L-cysteine combination. Mushrooms were dipped in solutions (0.1% Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba extract containing 0.05% L-cysteine) for 3 min. The dipped mushrooms were packaged in a polystyrene (PS) tray and wrapped with a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film, and stored for 14 days at . The browning inhibition activity (Hunter L, a, b color scale and tyrosinase inhibition activity) and quality changes (weight loss rate, gas composition, firmness and sensory evaluation) were analyzed during storage period. After 14 days, the Hunter L and value of mushrooms treated in 0.1% Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba extract containing 0.05% L-cysteine were 87.24 and 5.56, respectively. The mushrooms treated with 0.1% Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba extract containing 0.05% L-cysteine also showed higher firmness (13.31 N) and smaller weight loss rate (2.87%) than the untreated mushroom (11.42 N, 3.04%) on storage day 14. During storage period, the sensory evaluation showed that overall acceptability of mushrooms treated with 0.1% Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba extract containing 0.05% L-cysteine were higher than those of the untreated mushrooms, except those that were stored for five days. Overall, the mushrooms treated with 0.1% Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba extract containing 0.05% L-cysteine had a higher tyrosinase inhibition activity than the untreated mushrooms during storage period. This study suggests that the browning of the mushrooms treated with 0.1% Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba extract containing 0.05% L-cysteine solution were inhibited, and the that their shelf life was extended.

Nanoscale Gelatinase A (MMP-2) Inhibition on Human Skin Fibroblasts of Longkong (Lansium domesticum Correa) Leaf Extracts for Anti-Aging

Leaves of Longkong which collected from Chantaburi in Thailand were extracted by the hot and cold processes using three different solvents including water, chloroform and methanol. The crude extracts were tested for antioxidative activities, tyrosinase inhibition and in vitro cytotoxicity as well as the MMP-2 inhibition activity on human skin fibroblasts for anti-aging evaluation. The hot water crude extract showed the highest antioxidative activities (DPPH radical scavenging, metal ion chelating and lipid peroxidation inhibition) with the SC50, CC50 and IPC50 values of 5.40 +/- 1.23, 32.31 +/- 0.84 and 3.29 +/- 0.30 mg/ml, respectively, and the highest tyrosinase inhibition activity with the IC50 value of 0.49 +/- 0.23 mg/ml. The extract also showed no cytotoxicity on human skin fibroblasts with the cell viability of 80.52 +/- 15.16%. It demonstrated the anti-aging potential by having the pro and active MMP-2 inhibition activity, but lower than ascorbic acid of 1.28 and 1.12 times, respectively. The semi-purified extracts were prepared from this crude extract by solvent-solvent partition. The ethyl acetate soluble fraction showed higher activities (DPPH radical scavenging, metal ion chelating and tyrosinase inhibition) than the crude extract of 23.48, 71.80 and 2.58 times, respectively. This fraction exhibited similar pro and active MMP-2 inhibitory effect to the crude extract. The results from this study have indicated the possible application of the ethyl acetate fraction of the hot water crude extract from leaves of Longkong to be developed as an anti-aging product.

Biological Potential of Sixteen Legumes in China

Phenolic acids have been identified in a variety of legumes including lima bean, broad bean, common bean, pea, jack bean, goa bean, adzuki bean, hyacinth bean, chicking vetch, garbanzo bean, dral, cow bean, rice bean, mung bean and soybean. The present study was carried out with the following aims: (1) to identify and quantify the individual phenolic acid and determine the total phenolic content (TPC); (2) to assess their antioxidant activity, inhibition activities of α-glucosidase, tyrosinase, and formation of advanced glycation endproducts; and (3) to investigate correlations among the phytochemicals and biological activity. Common bean possesses the highest antioxidant activity and advanced glycation endproducts formation inhibition activity. Adzuki bean has the highest α-glucosidase inhibition activity, and mung bean has the highest tyrosinase inhibition activity. There are significant differences in phytochemical content and functional activities among the bean species investigated. Selecting beans can help treat diseases such as dermatological hyperpigmentation illness, type 2 diabetes and associated cardiovascular diseases.

Synthesis and biological activity of hydroxy substituted phenyl-benzo[d]thiazole analogues for antityrosinase activity in B16 cells

In this study, we synthesized hydroxy and/or alkoxy substituted phenyl-benzo[d]thiazole derivatives using substituted benzaldehydes and 2-aminothiophenol in MeOH. The structures of these compounds were established by (1)H and (13)CNMR and mass spectral analyzes. All synthesized compounds were evaluated for their mushroom tyrosinase inhibition activity. Out the 12 generated compounds, 2a and 2d exhibited much higher tyrosinase inhibition activity (45.36-73.07% and 49.94-94.17% at 0.01-20 μM, respectively) than kojic acid (9.29-50.80% at 1.25-20 μM), a positive control. The cytotoxicity of 2a and 2d was evaluated using B16 cells and the compounds were found to be nontoxic. Compounds 2a and 2d were also demonstrated to be potent mushroom tyrosinase inhibitors, displaying IC(50) values of 1.14±0.48 and 0.01±0.0002 μM, respectively, compared with kojic acid, which has an IC(50) value of 18.45±0.17 μM. We also predicted the tertiary structure of tyrosinase, simulated the docking with compounds 2a and 2d and confirmed that the compounds strongly interact with mushroom tyrosinase residues. Kinetic plots showed that 2a and 2d are competitive tyrosinase inhibitors. Substitutions with a hydroxy group at R(3) or both R(3) and R(1) of the phenyl ring indicated that these groups play a major role in the high binding affinity to tyrosinase. We further found that compounds 2a and 2d inhibit melanin production and tyrosinase activity in B16 cells. These results may assist in the development of new potent tyrosinase inhibitors against hyperpigmentation.

한방 생약재 발효액의 항산화 활성 및 tyrosinase 저해 활성

Department of Biotechnology, Dong-A University, Busan 604-714, KoreaReceived April 9, 2010/Accepted May 26, 2010The effects of fermented products from 40 medicinal herbals commonly available in Korea were exam-ined according to concentrations of polyphenolic compound and kojic acid, and the activities of DPPH (α,α'-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging and tyrosinase. The polyphenolic compound concentrations were 0.24 by Corydalis turtschaminovill ~ 11.42% (dry matter basis) by Syringa velutina in the extracts and 0.18 by Poria cocos ~ 12.27% by S. velutina in the fermented products. Kojic acid concentrations were 0.02 by Poria cocos Sclerotium ~ 9.67 mM by S. velutina in the extracts and 0.33 by P. cocos ~ 10.32 mM by S. velutina in the fermented products. Syringa velutina contained the highest polyphenolic compound and kojic acid concentrations, which were higher in the fermented product than in the extract. Higher DPPH free radical scavenging activity (>60%) was observed in the extracts of A. sessiliflorum, Citrus nobillis, and Angelica gigas and the fermented product of A. sessiliflorum com-pared to the other medicinal plants. Higher tyrosinase inhibition activity (>50%) was observed in the extracts of Morus alba, Glycyrrhiza glabra, and Rubus coreanus and the fermented products of G. glabra, Cnidium officinale, and S. velutina. Based on the above results, G. glabra, C. officinale, and S. velutina possessed high tyrosinase-inhibitive activities and kojic acid concentrations, which could be definitely enhanced by the fermentation of Phenillus linteus mycelium. Keywords : Glycyrrhiza glabra, Cnidium officinale, Syringa velutina, fermentation, tyrosinase, kojic acid, antioxidant.