Higher Tensile Strength Values Research Articles

Microstructure and Tensile Properties of Ni-Base Superalloy IN738LC according to Solidification Rate and Heat Treatment

The strength of Ni-base superalloys mainly depends on the γ' precipitates that improve the strength of the materials at high temperatures. The presence of γ' particles within the matrix restricts dislocation movement, and optimized heat treatments can tailor the size, shape, and volume fraction of γ'. In this study the effects of solidification rate and solution temperature on the tensile properties of IN738LC superalloy were investigated. The secondary dendritic arm spacing of casting materials with different diameters was measured and the solidification rate of the casting materials was derived by comparing the results of the solidification microstructure obtained from a directional solidification experiment. The D17 material, which had a faster solidification rate, showed higher values of tensile strength and yield strength than the D60 material, which had a slower solidification rate. The study also concluded that the monomodal γ' precipitates in the S80 material have higher tensile strength and yield strength at room temperature and 760℃ than the bimodal γ' precipitates in the S20 material. As for the deformation behavior at 760℃, an isolated stacking fault was observed in the S20 material only within the large γ’ precipitates. In the S80 material, the high dislocation density increased the yield strength due to the strong interaction between dislocations and fine γ’ precipitates.

Effect of Layers on Delamination and Tensile Strength of Woven Fiber Composites with Polyester Matrix

A composite is a combination of 2 or more different materials. The composite joining process can use adhesives or mechanically by making holes. During the process of making holes in the composite, it can cause delamination in the composite. Delamination and layer thickness greatly influence the strength of hollow composite joints. This research aims to determine the effect of delamination factors and the number of layers on the tensile strength value of the composite. The materials used in this research are polyester resin and woven glass fiber. The method used is vacuum bagging with variations in the number of layers, namely 3 layers, 4 layers, 5 layers, and 6 layers. Tensile testing refers to ASTM D638 standards. Specimens that have been cut according to standards will then be perforated in the center with a hole diameter of 4 mm using a milling machine. The highest tensile strength value was obtained in the 6-layer variation of 237.448 MPa and the lowest value was obtained in the 3-layer variation of 186.221 MPa. The delamination value greatly influences the tensile strength of the composite, where the more layers, the delamination value will decrease and increase the tensile strength of the composite.

Impact of sulfur compounds on motorbike wheel damper rubber manufacturing materials with 3 Phr, 4 Phr, and 6 Phr compositions

Rubber force is a simple but important thing for vehicles. This component is located in the rear wheel drum which is directly connected to the gear. Many factors influence the damage to this component. This research aims to determine how much influence stearic acid has on the hardness and tensile strength values of the lifting rubber compound. The materials used to make the compound are rubber smoked sheet (RSS) and synthetic rubber mixed with the chemicals stearic acid, black carbon white oil, ZnO, paraffin wax, MBTS, comaron resin and sulfur. These ingredients are mixed using two roll mixing until they combine and form a compound sheet. To determine the maturation time of rubber, a rheometer process is carried out. The next process is vulcanization of rubber using a mold that is pressed at a temperature of 1600C and a pressure of 150 psi. Tensile testing uses rubber testing equipment with SNI ISO 37: 2015 (IDT–2011) standards. Hardness testing uses a tool with a Shore A hardness tester scale with ISO 7619–1:2010 standards. Based on the results of the tests carried out, the addition of sulfur has a very significant effect on the hardness value and tensile strength value. For the hardness value of compound 3 with a sulfur composition of 6 phr, it has the highest hardness, namely 77 Shore A and the lowest value is composition 1 with a hardness value of 65.6 Shore A. The highest tensile strength value is 15,394 N/mm2 in composition 1 and the lowest value is in composition 3 with a value of 11.44 N/mm2

The effect of papaverine on tendon healing and adhesion in rats following Achilles tendon repair.

The study aimed to examine the histopathological and biomechanical effects of papaverine administered intraperitoneally and locally on Achilles tendon healing in a rat model. Forty-eight adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (range, 300 to 400 g) were used in this study conducted between October and November 2022. The rats were divided into three groups, with each group further subdivided into two for sacrifice on either the 15th (early period) or 30th (late period) day after surgery. The first (control) group received no treatment following Achilles tendon repair, while papaverine was intraperitoneally administered every other day for 10 days in the second group and locally in the third group after surgery. On the 15th and 30th days, the rats were sacrificed, and their Achilles tendons were subjected to biomechanical testing and histopathological evaluation. Histopathologically, there were no significant differences among the groups on the 15th day. However, on the 30th day, the locally applied papaverine group exhibited superior histopathological outcomes compared to the control group (p<0.05). Concerning the highest tensile strength values before rupture, the biomechanical assessment showed that the group receiving local papaverine treatment in the early period and both the group with systemic papaverine treatment and the one with local papaverine treatment in the late period displayed a statistically significant advantage compared to the control group (p<0.05). Locally administered papaverine has positive biomechanical effects in the early period and exhibits a positive correlation both histopathologically and biomechanically in the late period. Novel therapeutic options may be provided for patients through these findings.

Physicomechanical, water absorption and thermal properties and morphology of Paederia foetida fiber–Al2O3 powder hybrid‐reinforced epoxy composites

AbstractHybridization of natural fibers with ceramic materials for reinforcing composites allows the optimization of the properties of these materials. For this reason, the present study aims to investigate physical, mechanical, water absorption, swelling and thermal properties as well as morphological characteristics of a hybrid Paederia foetida fibers–alumina powder (PFs–Al2O3)‐reinforced epoxy composite. Epoxy resin served as the matrix, while PFs and Al2O3 were employed as reinforcement. Five types of composites were fabricated using the hot‐pressing technique. The corresponding ratios of PFs:Al2O3 volume fractions (%) considered here were 0:40 (SFA), 10:30 (SFB), 20:20 (SFC), 30:10 (SFD) and 40:0 (SFE). The results reveal that the density of the hybrid PFs–Al2O3 composites decreased for increasing volume fractions of PFs: from 2.173 g cm−3 of SFA to 1.042 g cm−3 of SFE. The highest values of tensile strength (i.e. 49.085 MPa), tensile elastic modulus (i.e. 1.431 GPa) and impact strength (24 kJ m−2) were obtained for the SFD composite material with 30% volume fraction of PFs and 10% volume fraction of Al2O3: this happened because interface bonds between PFs, Al2O3 and epoxy phases achieved their optimal configuration. Overall, mechanical properties of the hybrid PFs–Al2O3‐reinforced epoxy composites were superior to those of composites reinforced only by PF fibers or only by Al2O3. Water absorption and swellability reached their maximum values at the steady state occurring after tested samples remained immersed in water for 820 h. The SFE composite reinforced only by PFs presented the highest water absorption and swelling (i.e. 6.034% and 5.81%, respectively) while for all other hybrid composites (SFD, SFC and SFB) these two quantities remained below 5%. Density and volume fraction of voids of hybrid PFs–Al2O3‐reinforced composites were consistent with the corresponding properties of the composites reinforced only by Al2O3 or PFs. SFD was also the most thermally stable material. Scanning electron microscopy observations of fractured surfaces indicated that the microstructure of the PFs–Al2O3‐reinforced epoxy composites presents several voids, fiber pullouts and transverse fibers, which together optimize the mechanical response of the composite material. Remarkably, the SFD composite material was highly competitive with the most recently developed hybrid composites employing natural reinforcements. © 2024 Society of Industrial Chemistry.

Efektivitas Hasil Pengelasan SMAW pada Baja ST 37 Dengan Variasi Jenis Elektroda dan Kuat Arus Terhadap Pengujian Tarik dan Korosi Bermedia Larutan H2 S0_4

To support the rapid development of industry at this time, especially in the machinery industry, it has also spurred the development of technology for making basic materials such as steel. ST 37 steel is steel produced for making various machinery components. To improve the mechanical properties of ST 37 steel, a heat treatment process is applied. To see the service life of steel, it is also necessary to pay attention to the rate of corrosion that will occur in the steel that will be used in machine components. The aim of this research is to determine the use of the right type of electrode and current strength to achieve its effective use, with the criteria that the steel has tensile strength when a tensile reaction occurs in the steel and the steel has good corrosion resistance. In this study, the electrode variations used were AWS E6010, E6013, and E7016 electrodes, with variations in current strength of 70 A, 85 A, and 110 A. The highest tensile strength values ​​during the drawing process occurred in specimens with strong AWS E7016 electrode variations. The current was 110 A. Meanwhile, the lowest tensile strength occurred in the specimen with the AWS E6013 electrode variation with a current strength of 70 A. The highest corrosion rate value occurred in the AWS E6010 electrode variation specimen with a current strength of 70 A, while the lowest corrosion rate occurred in the specimen. with AWS E7016 electrode variations with a current strength of 110 A.

Optimization of a Tapered Specimen Geometry for Short-Term Dynamic Tensile Testing of Continuous Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastics

Continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastics (cFRTP) are one of the most promising lightweight materials. For their use in structural components, reproducible and comparable material values have to be evaluated, especially at high strain rates. Due to their high stiffness and outstanding strength properties, the evaluation of the material behavior at high strain rates is complex. In the presented work, a new tensile specimen geometry for strain rate testing is virtually optimized using a metamodel approach with an artificial neural network. The final specimen design is experimentally validated and compared with rectangular specimen results for a carbon fiber reinforced polycarbonate (CF-PC). The optimized specimen geometry leads to 100% valid test results in experimental validation of cross-ply laminates and reaches 9% higher tensile strength values than the rectangle geometry with applied end tabs at a strain rate of 40 s−1. Through the optimization, comparable material parameters can be efficiently generated for a successful cFRTP strain rate characterization.

Pemanfaatan Pati Sagu (Metroxylon sago) dan Limbah Kulit Jeruk Sebagai Bioplastik Pembungkus Makanan (Edible Film) Ramah Lingkungan

The increasing use of plastic harms the environment because plastic has properties that are difficult to degrade, resulting in environmental pollution, while the demand for plastic is increasing day by day. Bioplastics are a form of innovation from technological developments in modern times. One example of bioplastic is edible film which can function as food packaging that can be consumed. Edible film made from sago starch and orange pectin is believed to be able to produce edible films that have good characteristics. The results of this study, all nine treatment variations did not meet the standards for bioplastics that had been determined by SNI and JIS. The highest tensile strength values were obtained from testing variations in the concentration of 6% sago starch and 2% orange peel pectin (8,643 Mpa), while the highest elongation values were obtained from 4% sago starch and 2% orange peel pectin (5,33%.). Based on the results of the edible film using sago starch and pectin, it showed that more pectin content decrease the biodegradation rate.

Pengaruh Penambahan Serat Kulit Jagung Terhadap Sifat Mekanik Komposit Polipropilena (PP) dengan Penambahan Aluminium Oksida (Al2O3) dan Maleat Anhidrida (MAH) sebagai Coupling Agent

The utilization of polymer composites in the automotive field is expanding due to their characteristics such as strength, stiffness, and light weight. Polypropylene (PP) is one of the thermoplastic polymers widely used in composite manufacturing due to its lightweight, corrosion-resistant, and recyclable properties. However, to improve its mechanical properties, modifications using natural reinforcements and coupling agents continue to be made. Corn husk fiber is a natural resource that has potential as a natural reinforcement in polymer composites, it has the advantages of good tensile strength, light weight, and is biodegradable. The addition of Aluminium Oxide (Al2O3) and Maleic Anhydride (MAH) as coupling agent can improve the adhesion between fiber and polymer matrix, support more even load distribution, and optimize the mechanical properties of the composite Al2O3 and MAH on the mechanical properties of PP composites. The composition used was polypropylene: corn husk fiber rasio :Al2O3: MAH, namely 90:5:5:0, 89:5:5:1, 87:5:5:3, and 85:5:5:5% by weight. Tensile strength test using Universal Testing Machine (UTM) and crystallinity test using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) were conducted to evaluate the material performance. The highest value of tensile strength and crystallinity in the composition with 0 %weight MAH. The results of these tests, showing that the greater the composition of corn husk fiber has an influence on the decrease in tensile strength and crystallinity of the composite.

Supramolecular/Dynamic Covalent Design of High-Performance Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive from Natural Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds.

Adhesive materials have played an essential role in the history of humanity. Natural adhesives composed of low-molecular-weight monomers have been overshadowed by modern petroleum-based glues. With the development of green economy, the demand for eco-friendly materials has increased. Herein, two natural biocompatible compounds, namely thioctic acid (TA) and malic acid (MA), are selected to prepare a high-performance pressure-sensitive adhesive poly[TA-MA]. This adhesive can be quantitatively obtained via a simple mixing and heating process. Poly[TA-MA] shows interesting and useful properties, including reversible flexibility, high elongation, and good self-healing, owing to its dynamic polymerization pattern and reversible cross-linking behavior. Poly[TA-MA] exhibits excellent adhesion performance under various extreme conditions, such as at low temperatures and in hot water. High values of shear strength (3.86MPa), peel strength (7.90Ncm-1 ), loop tack (10.60Ncm-1 ), tensile strength (1.02MPa), and shear resistance (1628h) demonstrate the strong adhesive effect of poly[TA-MA]. Additionally, TA can be regenerated in the monomer forms from poly[TA-MA] with high recovery rate (>90%). Meanwhile, strong anti-bacterial behavior of poly[TA-MA] is recorded. This study not only reported a new pressure-sensitive adhesive but also fully displayed the feasibility of using natural small molecules to achieve robust surface adhesion.

Effects of Process Parameters in Thermoforming of Unidirectional Fibre-Reinforced Thermoplastics.

Process-induced defects during thermoforming are widespread problems in laminate manufacturing. The aim of this study is to describe the effects of holding time and pressure on several properties of the manufactured laminate. A design of experiments is performed, followed by an analysis of variance to examine significant effects. Subsequently, a regression model is created to predict the laminate's properties, which is also validated. A significant interaction between holding time and pressure is determined for the resulting tensile strength and elongation at break with a p-value of 1.52·10-16 and 0.02, respectively. The highest values of tensile strength and elongation at break are found for low settings of holding time and pressure. The fibre volume fraction is not affected by the process parameters. As holding time and pressure increase, significant fibre misalignment takes place, leading to a decrease of the mechanical properties. The regression model corresponds well with the validation and a tensile strength of 1049 MPa with an elongation at break of 2.3% is reached.

Optimization of Unsaturated Polyester Resin Matrix Composite Materials Reinforced Banana (Musa Balbisiana) Fronds Composition Towards Tensile Test

This study aims to find out how the physical and mechanical properties of banana tree frond fibers are strengthened by a polyester matrix with various variations of fiber fractions. The study began by making three types of specimens with differences in volume fractions, namely 6% fiber + 94% matrix, 9% fiber + 91% matrix and 12% fiber + 88% matrix with the hand lay – up method. The results of making composites are carried out physical properties testing in the form of density testing, water absorption and thick development and mechanical testing with tensile tests. The results of the physical properties test show that the average density value of each volume fraction variation is above the JIS A509 – 2003 standard. The water absorption value and the thick development of the three fraction variations are still below the maximum limit. While in mechanical properties testing, the highest tensile strength value was obtained at a volume fraction of 12% fiber + 88% matrix with an average tensile strength value of 37.28 MPa.

Review of MIG and TIG welding current variation of low-carbon steel materials based on tensile strength

SS400 and ASTM A36 a low-carbon steel materials that are used in the industry in the connection process to create materials according to the design. The aim of this research is to review the mechanical properties that occur in low-carbon steel materials in the MIG and TIG welding process with current variations and provide advice on low-carbon steel in welding. The materials used are ASTM A 36 and SS 304 steel. MIG welding uses a plate with a thickness of 6mm and uses AWS A5.18 ER 705-6 electrode diameter of 1.2mm. TIG welding uses a cylinder with a diameter of 6mm. The method of this review reported the tensile strength of low-carbon steel ASTM A36 with current variations of 150, 155, and 160A for MIG. Current variations of SS304 low-carbon steel are 80, 100, and 120A for TIG. The result of tensile strength with the MIG process produces the highest average current of 150 A of 354.92MPa. The results of tensile strength TIG process for 100A of 1007.31 MPa. The suggestion of this review is in MIG welding a greater current is required to obtain a high tensile strength value than the current required for TIG welding on low-carbon steel ASTM A 36 with a carbon content of 0.29% C and on SS304 with a carbon content of 0.042% - 0.07% C. Welding for stainless steel material can be used on TIG welding to get maximum tensile strength values. For ASTM A36 steel materials, MIG welding can be an option.

Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Polymeric Films Based on PLA / PBAT and Corn Starch and Babassu Mesocarp Starch by Flat Extrusion for Packaging

The influence of different amounts (1, 3 and 5%) of commercial corn starch and of babassu mesocarp starch on a (polylactic acid)/poly (butylene co-terephthalate adipate) (PLA/PBAT) based blend obtained by flat extrusion was ascertained. The thermal and mechanical properties were determined and the results obtained are independent of the type of starch employed but are dependent on its concentration, the nucleating effect of the different starches and on the mobility of the polymer chains that make up the blend. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated the presence of two defined stages of mass loss for all films under investigation. Tensile testing shows that films containing starch had similar behavior to that of PLA in the PLA/PBAT blend, presenting high values of tensile strength, elastic modulus and tensile strength and low values of strain at break. The results suggest that babassu mesocarp starch is viable alternatives to the production of packaging films.

Investigation on the Attainment of High-Density 316L Stainless Steel with Selective Laser Sintering.

Due to the low density of the green part produced by selective laser sintering (SLS), previous reports mainly improve the sample's density through the infiltration of low-melting metals or using isostatic pressing technology. In this study, the feasibility of preparing high-density 316L stainless steel using 316L and epoxy resin E-12 as raw materials for SLS combined with debinding and sintering was investigated. The results indicated that in an argon atmosphere, high carbon and oxygen contents, along with the uneven distribution of oxygen, led to the formation of impurity phases such as metal oxides, including Cr2O3 and FeO, preventing the effective densification of the sintered samples. Hydrogen-sintered samples can achieve a high relative density exceeding 98% without losing their original design shape. This can be attributed to hydrogen's strong reducibility (effectively reducing the carbon and oxygen contents in the samples, improving their distribution uniformity, and eliminating impurity phases) and hydrogen's higher thermal conductivity (about 10 times that of argon, reducing temperature gradients in the sintered samples and promoting better sintering). The microstructure of the hydrogen-sintered samples consisted of equiaxed austenite and ferrite phases. The samples exhibited the highest values of tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation at 1440 °C, reaching 513.5 MPa, 187.4 MPa, and 76.1%, respectively.

Optimization of an edible film formulation by incorporating carrageenan and red wine lees into fish gelatin film matrix

The study aimed to use response surface methodology (RSM) to create and understand a novel edible film made from fish gelatin (FG). This film includes wine lees (WL) and carrageenan (CAR). The concentrations of WL (0, 1, 2, and 3 %) and CAR (0, 1, and 3 %) were considered independent variables. The process variable combinations for the optimal response functions were 1.926 % WL and 3 % CAR, forming soft and rigid films with low tensile strength (TS) and high elongation at break (EAB%). Based on the evaluation of each response, FG film had the highest TS value, FG/CAR(3 %) film had the maximum EAB, and FG/WL (3 %)/CAR (3 %) film had the lowest vapor permeability (WVP) and the highest opacity (OP). The incorporation of WL considerably improved the functional properties of these films, enabling strong antioxidant activity and high phenolic content. Characterization of the films with analytical techniques: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis demonstrated a considerable interaction between WL and FG, indicating a high level of compatibility between the two substances. Our data suggest that the formulation of edible films can be adjusted to fit the specific requirements of the design.

The effect of carbon nanoparticles on cellulosic handsheets

Abstract This article describes the study of the effects of carbon nanoparticles on fibrous cellulosic webs. The handsheets were coated with coating colours containing graphene oxide (GO), carbon nanotube (CNT) and super conductive black carbon (SCBC) nanoparticles at different concentrations. The Raman method was used to assess the quality of the carbon materials and the changes in the band gap of the nanoparticles deposited on the handsheets. The influence of the type and content of the nanoparticles on the structural, mechanical, chemical and electrical properties of the composites was investigated and discussed. It was found that the range of failure modes and fracture surfaces seen in the SEM image is due to the influence of the different carbon materials as the main source of coating colour. The experimental percolation threshold curve and the total surface electrical resistivity of the samples were investigated. The SCBC coated samples exhibited low percolation threshold and comparatively high electrical conductivity at a certain maximum concentration. Each composite exhibited a pronounced stress distribution along the surface layer and the nanoparticle distribution was uniform. The surface resistance of the coated handsheets declined by about 14.103 times with the addition of only 1.0 wt% SCBC compared to the control sample. The composites coated with GO and SCBC nanoparticles at a concentration of 1.0 wt% had the highest tensile strength values.

Parametric based optimization of friction stir welded wrought AZ80A Mg alloy employing response surface methodology

An endeavour was put forward to friction stir weld flat plates of AZ80A Mg alloy by employing the central composite based design technique of response surface methodology, taking into consideration the parameters namely tool rotational speed, traverse speed, tool’s tilt angle, and pin geometry of the employed tool. Numerical model was formulated to correlate the relationship amidst the employed parameters of FSW process and the responses, namely tensile strength and elongation percentage of the AZ80A Mg alloy joints. The formulated model was also optimized to attain AZ80A Mg alloy joints possessing highest value of tensile strength. Competency of the formulated numerical model was validated employing the analysis of variance and the observations of the affirmation experiments plotted in the form of scatter diagrams revealed an appreciable agreement with the values of the anticipated models. Response and contour plots generated from the established numerical model was employed to understand the interactive impacts of the parameters of FSW process on the variables of the response. AZ80A mg alloy joints fabricated during the employment of tool possessing straight cylindrical geometry at atilt angle of 0.630, rotational speed of 962.077 rpm, tool traverse speed of 2.105 mm sec−1 possessed the highest tensile strength of 195.299 MPa and was proven to be free from flaws.

Making of Biodegradable Plastic Based on Corn Starch (Amylum Maydis) with Addition of Acid (CH3 COOh) and Gliserol Plasticizer

Almost all countries face the problem of plastic waste due to the large production of conventional plastics and the long degradation process. Therefore, to protect nature from the accumulation of plastic waste, research on biodegradable plastics needs to be done. Biodegradable plastics are made from starch, cellulose, chitosan, and proteins extracted from renewable biomass. Starch for making biodegradable plastics can be obtained from plants, one of which is corn. This study aims to determine the effect of the composition of acetic acid, glycerol and corn starch on the quality of biodegradable plastics which include tensile strength, elongation and biodegradation. The independent variables were variations of acetic acid and glycerol. Control variables are plastic mold size, corn starch mass of 5 grams, other compounds outside the independent variables. The dependent variable is tensile strength, elongation and biodegradation. To test the tensile strength and elongation of biodegradable plastic, Ultimate Testing Machine Mini was used. The results showed that the addition of acetic acid and glycerol to the corn starch and glycerol blending material had an effect on increasing the tensile strength value and reducing the elongation and biodegradation values of biodegradable plastics. The highest tensile strength value is 50.04 Mpa, obtained from the addition of 1.44% acetic acid and 35.71% glycerol from a volume of distilled water of 70 ml. The highest length gain or elongation of 90% was obtained from the addition of 0.48% acetic acid and glycerol as much as 21.43% of the 70 ml volume of distilled water. Percent weight loss of the largest plastic obtained from the addition of acetic acid as much as 0.48% and glycerol as much as 21.43% of the volume of distilled water as much as 70 ml, which amounted to 93.33%.

Fabrication of Gentamicin Sulfate‐Loaded 3D‐Printed Polyvinyl Alcohol/Sodium Alginate/Gelatin‐Methacryloyl Hybrid Scaffolds for Skin Tissue Replacement

Abstract3D‐printed scaffolds can better mimic the function of human skin, both biologically and mechanically. Within the scope of this study, the effect of the addition of different amounts (10, 15, 20 mg) of gentamicin sulfate (GS) to a 10 mL solution of natural and synthetic polymers is investigated. Sodium alginate (SA), gelatin‐methacryloyl (GelMA), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) are chosen as bioactive materials. The surface morphology and pore structures are visualized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). According to the results, it is observed that the pore sizes of all scaffolds are smaller than 270 µm, the lowest value (130 µm) is obtained in the scaffold loaded with 15 mg GS, and it also has the highest tensile strength value (12.5 ± 7.6 MPa). Similarly, it is observed that the tensile strength (9.7 ± 4.5 MPa) is high in scaffold loaded with 20 mg GS. The biocompatibility test is performed with fibroblast cells, and the results show that the scaffolds are biocompatible with cells. The antibacterial test is carried out against the S.aureous and E. coli and the results indicate that all GS‐loaded scaffolds demonstrate antibacterial activity.