Higher Stem Weight Research Articles

Effects of different growing media on the cut flower performances of oriental two Lilium varieties

In this study, six different growing media (peat+pumice: 1:1, v/v; peat+perlite: 1:1, v/v; rice hull+pumice: 1:2, v/v; coarse sand+peat: 2:1, v/v; soil; and cocopeat) were evaluated for their effects on the plant growth and flower quality of the oriental ‘Siberia’ and ‘Vespucci’ lily varieties. Seven hundred and twenty bulbs were planted in perforated plastic crates and placed in an unheated greenhouse. The physical and chemical properties of the growing media were examined. The number of days to flowering, plant height, the number of flowers, fresh stem weight, the number of leaves and vase life were investigated in the study. The results indicated that the use of soilless growing media significantly affected plant growth and flower quality when compared with soil. The obtained values varied by substrate type. The earliest flowering time (154.78 d) and the longest plant height (120.82 cm in the ‘Siberia’ variety) were determined in peat+pumice, whereas the largest number of flowers (7 flowers in Siberia; 5.67 flowers in Vespucci) and the highest stem weight (266.13 g in Vespucci; 353.91 g in Siberia) were recorded in cocopeat. The vase life of the plants grown in soil was longer than that of the plants grown in the soilless culture. Regarding the number of leaves, rice hull+pumice (57.42 leaves) and sand+peat (54.46 leaves) gave the best results. Keywords: Lilium varieties, growing media, plant growth, flower quality DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20201305.5173 Citation: Karaguzel O. Effects of different growing media on the cut flower performances of oriental two Lilium varieties. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2020; 13(5): 85–92.

Higher leaf area through leaf width and lower leaf angle were the primary morphological traits for yield advantage of japonica/indica hybrids

The yield potential of japonica/indica hybrids (JIH) has been achieved over 13.5 t ha−1 in large-scale rice fields, and some physiological traits for yield advantage of JIH over japonica inbred rice (JI) and indica hybrid rice (IH) were also identified. To date, little attention has been paid to morphological traits for yield advantage of JIH over JI and IH. For this reason, three JIH, three JI, and three IH were field-grown at East China (Ningbo, Zhejiang Province) in 2015 and 2016. Compared with JI and IH, JIH had 14.3 and 20.8% higher grain yield, respectively, attributed to its more spikelets per panicle and relatively high percentage of filled grains. The advantage in spikelets per panicle of JIH over JI and IH was shown in number of grains on the upper, middle, and lower branches. Compared with JI and IH, JIH had higher leaf area through leaf width and lower leaf angle of upper three leaves, higher leaf area index and leaf area per tiller at heading and maturity stages, higher stem weight per tiller and K and Si concentrations of stem at maturity, higher dry matter weight in leaf, stem, and panicle at heading and maturity stages, and higher biomass accumulation after heading and lower biomass translocation from stem during ripening. Leaf width of upper three leaves were correlated positively, while leaf angle of upper three leaves were correlated negatively with biomass accumulation after heading, stem weight per tiller, and per unit length. Our results indicated that the grain yield advantage of JIH was ascribed mainly to the more spikelets per panicle and relatively high percentage of filled grains. Higher leaf area through leaf width and more erect leaves were associated with improved biomass accumulation and stem weighing during ripening, and were the primary morphological traits underlying higher grain yield of JIH.

Effects of different growing media on the cut flower performances of oriental two Lilium varieties

In this study, six different growing media (peat+pumice: 1:1, v/v; peat+perlite: 1:1, v/v; rice hull+pumice: 1:2, v/v; coarse sand+peat: 2:1, v/v; soil; and cocopeat) were evaluated for their effects on the plant growth and flower quality of the oriental ‘Siberia’ and ‘Vespucci’ lily varieties. Seven hundred and twenty bulbs were planted in perforated plastic crates and placed in an unheated greenhouse. The physical and chemical properties of the growing media were examined. The number of days to flowering, plant height, the number of flowers, fresh stem weight, the number of leaves and vase life were investigated in the study. The results indicated that the use of soilless growing media significantly affected plant growth and flower quality when compared with soil. The obtained values varied by substrate type. The earliest flowering time (154.78 d) and the longest plant height (120.82 cm in the ‘Siberia’ variety) were determined in peat+pumice, whereas the largest number of flowers (7 flowers in Siberia; 5.67 flowers in Vespucci) and the highest stem weight (266.13 g in Vespucci; 353.91 g in Siberia) were recorded in cocopeat. The vase life of the plants grown in soil was longer than that of the plants grown in the soilless culture. Regarding the number of leaves, rice hull+pumice (57.42 leaves) and sand+peat (54.46 leaves) gave the best results. Keywords: Lilium varieties, growing media, plant growth, flower quality DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20201305.5173 Citation: Karagüzel Ö. Effects of different growing media on the cut flower performances of oriental two Lilium varieties. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2020; 13(5): 85–92.

Soil chemical properties and growth response of Moringa oleifera to different sources and rates of organic and NPK fertilizers

PurposeThe need for increasing production of Moringa oleifera in Nigeria can be achieved through adequate fertilization. This study investigated the effects of sources and rates of NPK (15:15:15) and compost on soil properties and productivity of Moringa at National Horticultural Research Institute, Ibadan, Nigeria.MethodsNPK was applied at 30, 60, and 90 kg N/ ha, cow dung (CD), poultry manure (PM) and organomineral (OM) were applied at 10, 20 and 30 tons/ha. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Organic fertilizers were incorporated into the soil 2 weeks before sowing; NPK was split applied at 2 and 5 weeks after sowing. Seeds were sown at 75 cm × 75 cm spacing. Data were taken on plant height (cm), stem girth (cm), number of leaves, leaf biomass, stems weight and post-planting soil properties.ResultsGrowth values for NPK and compost treatments were higher than the control. PM applied at 30 tons ha−1 resulted in highest growth values: plant height (65.91 cm), stem girth (1.51 cm) and number of leaves (14.20). PM applied at 30 tons ha−1 gave higher stem weight (2249.9 g) and leaf biomass (3610.5 g). Post-planting soil analysis indicated that nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, sodium, manganese, iron and zinc contents were higher in plots with organic and inorganic fertilizers except for potassium and magnesium.ConclusionPM proved more superior to CD manure and others because it produced better growth attributes such as shoot height, stem girth and number of leaves and leaf biomass than its counterparts produced.

Effect of Nitrogen Biofertilizers on Yield and Yield Components of Different Maize (Zea mays L.) Cultivars

In order to evaluate the effect of nitrogen bio-fertilizers on yield and yield and yield components of different maize (zea mays L.) cultivars a field experiment was conducted in Islamic Azad University of Boroujerd, Iran (at Isfahan region), during the growing seasons 2013- 2014. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design based on randomized block design with three replications. Treatments were different cultivars (Siloking, NS4015, Maxima and SC704) in main plots and nitrogen bio-fertilizers (Azotobacter, Nitroxin and Supernitroplus) with control in sub plots. The results reviled that the effect of cultivar treatmenton all traits was significant. Effect of N bio-fertilizer treatment was significant on stem weight, leaf weight, ear weight and biomass yield only. Interaction effect of them was significant on all traits excepting number of leaf per plant and ear weight. Application of nitrogen biofertilizers increased yield components of different cultivars of maize specially, for Siloking cultivar and Supernitroplus bio-fertilizer. Siloking cultivar with application of Supernitroplus biofertilizer had the highest plant height and leaf weight and Maxima cultivar with application of Nitroxin biofertilizer had the lowest plant height and leaf weight. However, NS4015 cultivars with non-application of any of N biofertilizer had the highest stem weight. Siloking cultivar had the highest number of leaf per plant and NS4015 cultivar had the lowest number of leaf per plant. Siloking cultivar had the highest all of the traits excepting stem weight. So, this cultivar was more useful than other cultivars for achieve to maximum production of foliage in Isfahan province. However Siloking cultivar with application of Supernitroplus nitrogen biofertilizer treatment had the highest biomass yield as foliage yield and we propose this treatment for maximum production of maize in Isfahan environmental condition.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v9i5.12711

ASPECTOS AGRONÔMICOS E PRODUTIVOS DOS HÍBRIDOS DE GIRASSOL (Helianthus annus L.) HELIO 251 E HELIO 360

This study had as objective to quantify achenes, leaves, stem and capitulum production and participation, as well as green and dry matter production of two sunflower hybrids for silage production. Two sunflower hybrids, Helio 251 (H251) and Helio 360 (H360), were used and implanted under oat stubble. The counting of twelve points with five linear meters/hectare of each hybrid was carried out to evaluate hybrid production and five samples were taken to evaluate plant composition. A complete randomized experimental design was used and the averages were analyzed by Tukey test. H251 hybrid presented higher plants per linear meter and per hectare (3.99 vs. 3.12 plants/m; 49,953.95 vs. 38,342.10 plants/ha, for H251 and H360, respectively). H360 capitulum were heavier than the ones from H251, when expressed in green (303.79 g/plant) or dry (56.88 g/plant) matter basis, consequently, it showed heavier achenes (151.09 and 100.12 g/plant, respectively, for green and dry matter). H360 presented higher stem weight, when expressed in green (120.95 vs. 61.27 g/plant) or dry (48.58 vs. 29.01 g/plant) matter basis. The higher weights of capitulum, achene and stem presented by H360 resulted in heavier plants and superiority on dry matter production per hectare. KEYWORDS: achenes, capitulum; dry matter; green matter; leaves; stem.

Flooding to manage dodder (Cuscuta gronovii) and broad-leaved weed species in cranberry: An innovative use of a traditional strategy

AbstractThe implementation of new uses for traditional cultural and pest management practices has been prompted by renewed interest in sustainable approaches for farming. The use of floods (for various durations) has been an inexpensive and historical cultural practice in cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarponAit.) horticulture. The onset of a serious economic crisis in the cranberry industry in 1999–2000 brought about an urgent need to find inexpensive methods of pest control that would allow growers to remain fiscally solvent. Initially, anecdotal evidence from several farms indicated that holding short-term spring floods suppressed dodder infestations. Based on these findings, a 2-year demonstration-style project was initiated in 2002 to determine the efficacy of short-term floods (24–48 h) for the management of dodder in cranberry in Massachusetts. The project was expanded to include evaluating a 10-day summer flood for control of broad-leaved weed species at one commercial cranberry farm. Species richness and diversity and percentage weed coverage were lower after the implementation of the 10-day flood period compared to pre-flood assessments. Weed species dead or not detected after the 10-day flood included ground nut, asters, narrow-leaved goldenrod, chokeberry and poison ivy. Comparison of paired sites (flooded and nonflooded bogs) indicated dodder stem dry weights were lower on flooded areas in three out of the seven locations in year 1. At two additional locations, the flooded bog had higher stem weights when paired with a historically low-infestation bog, which may have masked any dodder reduction from the flooding practice. In year 2, no differences in the number of germinated seedlings between any treatment pairs were noted. Data from a cranberry company representing 12% of the cranberry acreage in Massachusetts indicated a 65–89% reduction in pesticide use when short-term spring floods were implemented during 2001–2003 compared to the previous 3-year period. Short-term flooding may offer a sustainable option that can be integrated into the overall management plan for several problematic cranberry weed species, especially dodder. Additional research is warranted to further define the most effective environmental conditions needed and to validate the efficacy of short flooding events for effective cranberry weed management.

Effects of supplementary lighting on flowering, plant quality and nutrient requirements of lily ‘Laura Lee’ during winter forcing

Oriental lily ‘Laura Lee’ was forced during wintertime with or without supplementary lighting. Three fertilization levels were applied: N1 control, water without fertilizers and N2 and N3 contained Peters (15:11:29) at two doses 0.8 and 1.6 g dm −3, respectively. The fertigation started in the third week after planting. Supplementary lighting accelerated flowering about 3 weeks, irrespective of the fertilization levels. It also improved plant quality expressed as higher stem weight, better sturdiness, higher leaf area and better leaf coloration. Supplementary lighting completely prevented flower bud abortion of ‘Laura Lee’. Plants grown with supplementary lighting showed higher nutrient demands. Increased fertilization at low light levels led to higher accumulation of nutrients in growing media.

Variation in leaf area development and its effect on water use, yield and harvest index of droughted wheat

Genotypes, chosen because of their variation in flowering, tillering and early leaf growth, were evaluated in 1 m long tubes in a glasshouse. These traits were selected for two reasons: firstly, because it was presumed they influence leaf area development and hence the water use, harvest index and yield of droughted wheat; secondly, because they are amenable to genetic manipulation and therefore can be selected in a breeding program. Four drought treatments were imposed in each of two seasons. The treatments and cultural conditions simulated droughts encountered by field-grown crops. Grain yield varied according to the amount of growth and water use before and after anthesis in relation to soil water supply. In the wettest treatments where plants had adequate water up to anthesis but were droughted thereafter (akin to a wet mediterranean-type environment), grain yield was positively associated with the amount of preanthesis growth. In the drier treatments, where droughts were sustained from before anthesis, genotypes having traits that reduced leaf area index saved more water for use after anthesis and had a higher harvest index and grain yield. However, pre-anthesis growth was also important, as it was estimated that in the driest treatments up to 60% of the grain dry weight was formed from reserves present at anthesis. These reserves represented up to 15% of the above-ground biomass at anthesis. Harvest index (y) was a nonlinear function of the proportion of water used after anthesis (x), y = 0.10 + 0.13 ln(x), r2 = 0.82 (P < 0.01).The determinate tillering or 'uniculm' wheats, although having some advantages over conventional tillering lines when sown at the same density, were largely indistinguishable from conventional wheats in their water use pattern when sown at twice the density. However, at both densities they had a higher stem weight per unit length and a higher specific leaf weight than conventional wheats, and this resulted in them having a lower harvest index and grain yield. These pleiotropic effects may reduce the possible advantages of these wheats, that is a reduced maximum leaf area and no sterile tillers, in dry environments.