High Production Rate Research Articles

Enhancing CO2 electroreduction to formate on bismuth catalyst via sulfur doping

The electrochemical reduction of CO2 to formate is an effective approach to achieving carbon neutrality. However, the instability of catalyst remains a significant limitation. Doping heteroatoms is a recognized method for tuning the coordination environment to enhance both electrochemical performance and stability. Herein, we report a facile and mild hydrothermal method employing sulfur doping to tune the coordination environment of bismuth active sites. Sulfur doping modifies the coordination environment of active sites by partially substituting O atoms bonded with bismuth active sites and simultaneously creating an abundance of oxygen vacancies, which effectively stabilize the active sites. This results in notably improved stability, reaching 110 h with a significant FEHCOOH (around 100 %). The bismuth-based catalyst modified with sulfur exhibits an impressive FEHCOOH over 95 % across a wide applied potential range of −0.7 to −1.4 VRHE. The flower-like structure increases the electrochemical surface area, promoting greater exposure of bismuth active sites. This leads to a high formate production rate of 1248 mmol∙h-1∙cm-2 for the Cu-BiS catalyst, which is 1.7 times that of the Cu-Bi catalyst. This strategy provides an effective way to tune the coordination environment of active sites and stabilize them.

Single-atom Barium Promoter Enormously Enhanced Non-noble Metal Catalyst for Ammonia Decomposition.

As a well-established topic, single-atom catalyst has drawn growing interest for its high utilization of metal. However, researchers prefer to develop various active metals with single-atom form, the intrinsic roles of single-atom promoters are usually underrated, which are significant in boosting reaction activity. In this work, Ba single atoms were in situ prepared in the Co-Ba/Y2O3 catalyst with crystallized BaCO3 as the precursor under the ammonia decomposition reaction condition. The optimized Co-Ba/Y2O3 catalyst achieves extremely high H2 production rate of 138.3 mmolH2·gcat-1·min-1 at very low temperature (500 °C, GHSV = 840,000 mL·g-1·h-1) and Co-Ba/Y2O3 exhibits excellent durability during the 350 h test, which realizes the highest activity among all non-noble catalysts, and reaches or even exceeds numerous reported Ru-based catalysts. Both Y2O3 and Co demonstrate positive interactions with Ba, which significantly facilitates the dispersion of Ba species at high temperatures (≥ 600 °C). Ba single atoms significantly enhance the charge density of Co and form additionally active Co-O-Ba-Y2O3 interfacial sites, which alleviates hydrogen poisoning and decreases the reaction barrier of the N-H bond activation of *NH. The exploration of atomically dispersed promoters is groundbreaking in heterogeneous catalysis, which opens up a whole new domain of catalytic material.

Dual‐Site NiO/Bi3O4Br Heterojunction Catalyst for High‐Efficiency CO2‐to‐CH4 Conversion

AbstractSolar light‐driven conversion of CO2 into chemicals with high calorific value is regarded as an upcoming carbon utilization technology for alleviating the energy crisis. This technique faces the challenge of low CO2 conversion and product yield due to charge recombination in the catalyst. In this paper, a dual‐reaction site heterojunction catalyst was designed and fabricated by combining NiO with Bi3O4Br nanosheets, for the separation of CO2 reduction and H2O oxidation semireactions, which effectively promoted electrons and holes separation. The resulting catalyst exhibited a high CH4 production rate (8.12 µmol/g) and selectivity (94.69%). Electron distribution and band structure were investigated to explain the satisfactory catalytic performance. In addition, combining the in‐situ DRIFTS results, a formic acid‐intermediated CO2‐to‐CH4 reaction pathway was proposed. This work aims to pave the way for CH4 production via CO2 photoreduction with high efficiency and selectivity.

Gas–Water–Sand Inflow Patterns and Completion Optimization in Hydrate Wells with Different Sand Control Completions

Sand production poses a significant problem for marine natural gas hydrate efficient production. However, the bottom hole gas–water–sand inflow pattern remains unclear, hindering the design of standalone screen and gravel packing sand control completions. Therefore, gas–water–sand inflow patterns were studied in horizontal and vertical wells with the two completions. The experimental results showed that gas–water stratification occurred in horizontal and vertical standalone screen wells. The gas–water interface changed dynamically, leading to an uneven screen plugging, with severe plugging at the bottom and high permeability at the top. The high sand production rate and low well deviation angle exacerbated screen plugging, resulting in a faster rising rate of the gas–water interface. The screen plugging degree initially decreased and then increased as the gas–water ratio increased, resulting in the corresponding variation in the gas–water interface rising rate. Conversely, gas–water stratification did not occur in the gravel packing well because of the pore throat formed between the packing gravels. However, the impact of gas and water led to gravel rearrangement and the formation of erosion holes, causing sand control failure. A higher gas–water ratio and lower packing degree could result in more severe destabilization. Therefore, for the standalone screen completion, sand control accuracy should be designed at different levels according to the uneven plugging degree of the screen. For the gravel packing completion, increase the gravel density without destabilizing the hydrate reservoir, and use the coated gravel with a cementing effect to improve the gravel layer stability. In addition, the screen sand control accuracy inside the gravel packing layer should be designed according to the sand size to keep long-term stable hydrate production.

Densely populated single‐atom catalysts for boosting hydrogen generation from formic acid

AbstractThe single‐atom M‐N‐C (M typically being Co or Fe) is a prominent material with exceptional reactivity in areas of catalysis for sustainable energy. However, the formation of metal nanoparticles in M‐N‐C materials is coupled with high‐temperature calcination conditions, limiting the density of M‐Nx active sites and thus restricting the catalytic performance of such catalysts. Herein, we describe an effective decoupling strategy to construct high‐density M‐Nx active sites by generating polyfurfuryl alcohol in the MOF precursor, effectively preventing the formation of metal nanoparticles even with up to 6.377% cobalt loading. This catalyst showed a high H2 production rate of 778 mL gCat−1 h−1 when used in the dehydrogenation reaction of formic acid. In addition to the high density of the active site, a curved carbon surface in the structure is also thought to be the reason for the high performance of the catalyst.

Co Cluster-Modified Ni Nanoparticles with Superior Light-Driven Thermocatalytic CO2 Reduction by CH4

Excessive fossil burning causes energy shortages and contributes to the environmental crisis. Light-driven thermocatalytic CO2 reduction by methane (CRM) provides an effective strategy to conquer these two global challenges. Ni-based catalysts have been developed as candidates for CRM that are comparable to the noble metal catalysts. However, they are prone to deactivation due to the thermodynamically inevitable coking side reactions. Herein, we reported a novel Co-Ni/SiO2 nanocomposite of Co cluster-modified Ni nanoparticles, which greatly enhance the catalytic durability for light-driven thermocatalytic CRM. It exhibits high production rates of H2 (rH2) and CO (rCO, 22.8 and 26.7 mmol min−1 g−1, respectively), and very high light-to-fuel efficiency (ƞ) is achieved (26.8%). Co-Ni/SiO2 shows better catalytic durability than the referenced catalyst of Ni/SiO2. Based on the experimental results of TG-MS, TEM, and HRTEM, we revealed the origin of the significantly enhanced light-driven thermocatalytic activity and durability as well as the novel photoactivation. It was discovered that the focused irradiation markedly reduces the apparent activation energy of CO2 on the Co-Ni/SiO2 nanocomposite, thus significantly enhancing the light-driven thermocatalytic activity.

Abstract 4134935: Impact of COVID-19 on Cardiology Fellows and Faculty in the United States: Two Years Later

Introduction: Recent data demonstrated that the COVID-19 pandemic adversely affected cardiovascular fellows in training (cFIT) and faculty in terms of educational disruption and search for job prospects, respectively. However, less is known about the pandemic's effect on cFIT and faculty in terms of general well-being, shifts in personal and professional priorities, quantitative measures of stress levels, and research productivity. Methods: A national survey targeting cFIT and faculty was developed to assess the effect of the pandemic two years later on these parameters. Fifty-four participants, including 21 cFIT and 33 faculty, responded to the survey. The survey was distributed between October 2021 and May 2022 to program directors of ACGME-accredited general cardiology fellowship programs in the United States. Results: 30% of cFITs perceived impaired clinical training during the pandemic; 36% of fellows experienced a decline in their clinical skills in the cardiac catheterization lab, while 27% experienced a decrease in their echocardiographic skills. Additionally, a significant percentage of cFIT reported negative interference in their competencies in nuclear cardiology (27%) and electrophysiology (12%). Most participants (76%), including faculty and fellows, reported several health issues such as sleep problems, low energy, changes in appetite, difficulty concentrating, and restlessness due to the pandemic. 43% of the faculty and 61% of cFIT reported high rates of impaired short-term productivity (Figure). Conclusion: In this national survey, we found that two years after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, cardiology fellows and faculty continued to experience significant concerns for decreased hands-on training and diminished research productivity. While faculty were not distressed regarding decreased clinical competencies, concerns about short-term and long-term research productivity persisted. Faculty and fellows all experienced increased stress levels and impaired productivity. Although limited by a small sample size, which can introduce bias, these results signal the importance of performing a follow-up study on the impact of COVID-19 on wellness as well as the impact on career.

Distinct Pathways Determined by Photocatalytic C─H or O─H Bond Activation for Hydroxyl Compounds Conversion Paired With Hydrogen Production

AbstractSelective control of C─H or O─H bond activation in photocatalytic conversion coupled with hydrogen production is a promising yet challenging goal. Here, an efficient photocatalytic system is reported that can produce high‐valued tartaric acid or formaldehyde and simultaneous producing hydrogen. At optimized conditions, the directional conversion of glycolic acid into tartaric acid is achieved with a selectivity of 76.24%, and the selectivity of methanol oxidation into formaldehyde reaches 88.21%. A high hydrogen production rate of 21.43 mmol·g−1·h−1 is obtained using glycolic acid as substrate. Mechanism studies reveal that α‐C─H bond is preferentially activated in glycolic acid adsorbed on the photocatalyst, while O─H bond is preferentially activated in methanol, forming carbon‐centered radical (•CH(OH)COOH) or oxygen‐centered radical (CH3O•) for subsequent coupling or oxidation reactions. This work demonstrates the selective control of the photocatalytic conversion process of different hydroxyl compounds, providing a new perspective for achieving organic compounds selective activation coupled with hydrogen production.

Current Advances in the Photoconversion of Plastics: the Catalysts and Reaction Pathways.

Plastic waste has caused severe global environmental pollution and health issues due to the high production rate and lack of proper disposal technology. Traditional methods to deal with plastic waste, such as incineration and landfilling, are deemed unsustainable and energy-intensive. A promising alternative is the photocatalytic conversion of plastic waste, using sunlight as a sustainable and carbon-neutral energy source to break down plastic waste under ambient pressure and low temperatures. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of recent advancements in plastic photoconversion, with an emphasis on the catalysts and reaction pathways. The mechanisms and reaction pathways are first summarized, followed by a detailed discussion of strategies to design catalysts for improved performance in photoconversion. Then, examples of photothermal degradation processes are presented. Finally, current strategies, challenges, and possible future directions of plastic photoconversion are summarized and discussed.

Aerobic and anaerobic poise of white swimming muscles of the deep-diving scalloped hammerhead shark: comparison to sympatric coastal and deep-water species

Scalloped hammerhead sharks (Sphyrna lewini) routinely perform rapid dives to forage on mesopelagic prey. These deep dives consist of intensive swimming followed by recovery periods in the surface mixed layer. Swimming muscle temperature profiles suggest that S. lewini suppresses gill function as a means to reduce convective heat loss during dives into cool water. Such intensive swimming behavior coupled with reduced respiration prompted us to test whether the aerobic and anaerobic metabolic capacities of the white swimming muscle tissue of this species are greater than those of other shark species from the same region. The activities of key enzymes used in aerobic and anaerobic metabolism provide an indirect indicator of the metabolic potential (“poise”) of a tissue. Here we measured the maximal activities [international units (µmol substrate converted to product per min, U) per gram of wet tissue mass at 10°C] of the citric acid cycle enzymes citrate synthase (CS) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and glycolytic enzymes pyruvate kinase (PK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from white swimming muscle of S. lewini. Enzyme activities, and ratios of these enzyme activities that indicate relative indexes of aerobic to anaerobic capacity, were compared to those measured in three sympatric coastal carcharhinid sharks and two deep-dwelling species, Echinorhinus cookei and Hexanchus griseus. This is the first report of swimming-muscle enzyme activity for these deep-dwelling species. In comparison to the other species, S. lewini had significantly higher activities of both LDH and MDH in the white muscle, and a higher MDH/CS ratio. The high LDH activities suggest that the white muscle of S. lewini relies on relatively high rates of anaerobic ATP production, with would result in build up of high lactate levels, during deep foraging dives. High MDH activity in S. lewini white muscle suggests the potential for lactate levels to be rapidly reduced when aerobic conditions are restored while in the surface mixed layer between dives. These biochemical characteristics may enable S. lewini to swim rapidly while suppressing gill function during deep dives and thereby exploit a very different ecological niche from sympatric shark species (e.g., coastal carcharhinids) and hunt more rapidly via faster swimming for deep-water prey compared to species that permanently inhabit deep depths.

Terraced (K, Na)NbO3 piezocatalysts with superior H2O2 production

Piezocatalytic hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production is an emerging and green technology, but complex preparation process of piezocatalyst and low production rate limit its practical application. Herein, we propose a straightforward and efficient strategy, that is, fabricating a novel terraced potassium sodium niobate (KNN-H) by integrating high-energy pendulum ball-milling into the conventional solid-state method, to control the morphology of piezocatalyst and boost its piezocatalytic activities. By exposing a large number of edge sites with higher piezoelectric response and more active sites, KNN-H sample exhibits an extremely high H2O2 production rate of 47 μmol/h, about 35 times higher than that of previously reported potassium niobate piezocatalyst. Besides, KNN-H sample also has good effects on dye degradation and bacterial inhibition. Therefore, our strategy provides a paradigm for large-scale fabrication of high-performance perovskite piezocatalysts.

Enhancing photocatalytic performance of covalent organic frameworks via ionic polarization

Covalent organic frameworks have emerged as a thriving family in the realm of photocatalysis recently, yet with concerns about their high exciton dissociation energy and sluggish charge transfer. Herein, a strategy to enhance the built-in electric field of series β-keto-enamine-based covalent organic frameworks by ionic polarization method is proposed. The ionic polarization is achieved through a distinctive post-synthetic quaternization reaction which can endow the covalent organic frameworks with separated charge centers comprising cationic skeleton and iodide counter-anions. The stronger built-in electric field generated between their cationic framework and iodide anions promotes charge transfer and exciton dissociation efficiency. Moreover, the introduced iodide anions not only serve as reaction centers with lowered H* formation energy barrier, but also act as electron extractant suppressing the recombination of electron-hole pairs. Therefore, the photocatalytic performance of the covalent organic frameworks shows notable improvement, among which the CH3I-TpPa-1 can deliver an high H2 production rate up to 9.21 mmol g−1 h−1 without any co-catalysts, representing a 42-fold increase compared to TpPa-1, being comparable to or possibly exceeding the current covalent organic framework photocatalysts with the addition of Pt co-catalysts.

Single‐atom Barium Promoter Enormously Enhanced Non‐noble Metal Catalyst for Ammonia Decomposition

As a well‐established topic, single‐atom catalyst has drawn growing interest for its high utilization of metal. However, researchers prefer to develop various active metals with single‐atom form, the intrinsic roles of single‐atom promoters are usually underrated, which are significant in boosting reaction activity. In this work, Ba single atoms were in situ prepared in the Co‐Ba/Y2O3 catalyst with crystallized BaCO3 as the precursor under the ammonia decomposition reaction condition. The optimized Co‐Ba/Y2O3 catalyst achieves extremely high H2 production rate of 138.3 mmolH2·gcat−1·min−1 at very low temperature (500 °C, GHSV = 840,000 mL·g−1·h−1) and Co‐Ba/Y2O3 exhibits excellent durability during the 350 h test, which realizes the highest activity among all non‐noble catalysts, and reaches or even exceeds numerous reported Ru‐based catalysts. Both Y2O3 and Co demonstrate positive interactions with Ba, which significantly facilitates the dispersion of Ba species at high temperatures (≥ 600 °C). Ba single atoms significantly enhance the charge density of Co and form additionally active Co‐O‐Ba‐Y2O3 interfacial sites, which alleviates hydrogen poisoning and decreases the reaction barrier of the N‐H bond activation of *NH. The exploration of atomically dispersed promoters is groundbreaking in heterogeneous catalysis, which opens up a whole new domain of catalytic material.

Model-based optimization strategies for direct hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to dimethyl ether

This study discusses model-based optimization strategies for CO2 hydrogenation to dimethyl ether (DME) over a CuZnZr (CZZ) and ferrite (FER) mixed catalyst system in a packed-bed reactor configuration. A two-dimensional axisymmetric, nonisothermal packed-bed reactor model was developed using COMSOL Multiphysics 6.2 software. The model solves two-dimensional (radial and axial) heat and mass transport equations in the packed-bed and integrates intraparticle diffusion and heat transfer in a 1D approach. This powerful feature differs from a traditional porous media approach and takes into account any heat and mass transfer limitations that may exist. Analysis shows that the heat transfer limitations are negligible, but strong internal mass transfer limitations were observed at 10 ≤ WHSV ≤ 90 h−1 on the FER catalyst and at 240 °C. The optimum catalyst composition (i.e., mixing ratio) varies depending on the operating regime. The FER catalyst weight in the mixture can be as low as 5 wt.%, but the ideal composition depends on the internal mass transfer limitation and its relationship with the operating regime (i.e., weight hourly space velocity, temperature). A catalyst composition of 80 wt.% CZZ and 20 wt.% FER was suggested; this composition can provide high CO2 conversion and DME production rates at a wide range of temperatures and flow rates.

Harvesting Zr-based metal-organic frameworks by continuous-flow synthesis as efficient adsorbents for eliminating nitrogen-containing compounds in liquid fuel

This work designed a continuous-flow tubular reactor for rapidly and scalably harvesting the metal-organic framework (MOF) of UiO-66(Zr)-NH2. The experimental conditions, including temperature (110–140 °C), holding time (10–30 min), and CH3COOH/H2N-BDC molar ratio (100–250), were carried out to survey their impacts on the product yield and quality. The highest yield and production rate of ∼72% and ∼1.55 g h−1 were obtained at 130 °C, 20 min, and CH3COOH/H2N-BDC ratio 200. The temperature and modulator content significantly influenced MOFs’ crystal morphology, crystallinity, and porosity. Besides, the adopted method also successfully produced UiO-66 and UiO-67 MOFs with high production rates. The adsorptive denitrogenation (ADN) performances were carried out using liquid fuel models containing quinoline (QU) and 2-methyl pyrrole (MP). In batch mode adsorption, the UiO-66-NH2-130-200 sample showed the highest adsorbing quantities of ∼199 and ∼163 mg g−1 for QU and MP, respectively. Furthermore, the prepared MOFs efficiently removed NCCs from liquid fuel under a continuous fixed-bed column process. These demonstrate that modulator-assisted continuous-flow synthesis can be a potential strategy for the scalable harvest of Zr-MOFs with good qualities and high performance in getting rid of NCCs from liquid fuel.

Healthcare waste management and antimicrobial resistance: a critical review

ABSTRACT The rapid growth of populations and urbanization has led to a significant increase in healthcare waste, posing serious health risks. A search on Google Scholar identified seven relevant articles from Ethiopia that examine the relationship between improper waste management in healthcare facilities (HCFs) and the rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes. This review aims to highlight key concepts, evidence sources, and knowledge gaps specific to the Ethiopian context. The unsafe disposal of antibiotics through leaks and solid waste has contributed to what some are calling a ‘silent pandemic,’ raising concerns about emerging infectious diseases. Studies have revealed alarming rates of infectious agents and AMR in healthcare wastewater. Isolates of C. jejuni, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Enterococcus faecium from various healthcare waste sites in Ethiopia demonstrate high levels of AMR genes. Additionally, research indicates that HCFs produce significant amounts of waste, with high per-person daily waste production rates. Leachate from landfills containing this waste can negatively affect soil health, biological activity, water quality, agriculture, animal health, and human well-being. To mitigate these risks, effective waste management practices and the promotion of alternative antimicrobial use are essential strategies for reducing the emergence of pandemic diseases in developing countries.

Serious Games for Serious Business: Unravelling Trends and Distribution Dynamics

Objective: To analyse the impact and applications of Serious Games in the corporate realm, evaluating both benefits and challenges associated with their adoption. Methodology: A literature review is conducted through a descriptive bibliometric analysis. The distribution of publications and citations of studies by year, affiliations and authors with the highest productivity rate, and most cited articles are analysed. Results: A marked increase in publications on Serious Games is observed, indicating a growing interest in research. Citation analysis shows an upward trend, with the year 2022 standing out as the most prolific. INRAE and Wageningen University Research are leading institutions in this field, and prominent authors include Mayer, Dumont, and Russell-Bennett. Limitations: There is potential bias in article selection and a narrow focus on the benefits and challenges of Serious Games in enterprises, overlooking long-term sustainability. This could be addressed by comparing the effectiveness of Serious Games in employee training versus customer interaction and evaluating their applicability across different sectors. Practical implications: Serious Games are useful for simulating business creation, developing entrepreneurial skills through a playful approach, as well as citizen decision-making and its impact on carbon emissions. In the tourism sector, the effectiveness of gamification through Serious Games is evidenced by increased brand loyalty. The article provides an understanding of the landscape of Serious Games and their implementation in companies across different sectors. It observes the practical implications of this learning tool and its interaction with consumers, to enhance their experience.

Symmetry-Engineered BINOL-Based Porous Aromatic Frameworks for H2O2 Production via Artificial Photosynthesis and In Situ Degradation of Pharmaceutical Pollutants.

Accomplishing visible light-driven H2O2 production at millimolar concentrations is practically challenging, particularly for organic semiconductors. In this context, achieving a maximum H2O2 production rate of 31.60 mmol·g-1·h-1 by using porous aromatic frameworks (PAFs) represents a significant accomplishment. We report the unusual photoactivity of tetraphenylmethane-BINOL-linked PAFs in triplet oxygen activation to facilitate the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as confirmed by their optical and electrochemical responses, despite the absence of a conventional chromophoric moiety. Moreover, an in situ BINOL formation strategy was used to synthesize these PAFs during polymerization in contrast to the reported protocols involving chiral BINOLs as precursors. The as-synthesized polymers had a capsule-like morphology (for TPM-BINOL-6), high thermal stability up to 348 °C, and a high Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of up to 1382 m2/g (for TPM-BINOL-4). Interestingly, they showed sunlight-driven production of H2O2 via an oxygen reduction reaction of up to 17.05 mmol·g-1·h-1 in 1:10 isopropanol in water for TPM-BINOL-6, which was quantified by titration with ceric sulfate. It also exhibited exemplary photocatalytic efficiency with an H2O2 production rate of 6.65 mmol·g-1·h-1 in seawater. Interestingly, the H2O2 production rate reached a maximum of 18.03 mmol·g-1·h-1 with an SCC efficiency of 4.5% under an AM 1.5G solar simulator and apparent quantum yield (AQY) of 15.8% (at λ = 456 nm) for TPM-BINOL-6 in ethanol:water = 1:10. Moreover, the exceptionally high H2O2 production rate of 31.60 mmol·g-1·h-1 was achieved in 1:1 ethanol in water under 50 W blue LED light. Furthermore, these PAFs generated adequate ROS, which were utilized in the photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline via the superoxide intermediate. Additionally, the as-formed H2O2 was further channelized in the pollution abatement catalytic system for the fast degradation of ciprofloxacin (within 4 h) and the reduction of toxic oxometallate Cr(VI) within 10 min, which is one of the earliest reports of utilizing photosynthesized H2O2 for environmental detoxification.

Identification of potential volatile markers for characterizing Argentine wine vinegars based on their production process

In Argentina, the production of quality wine vinegars has been barely exploited. Currently, most of the marketed vinegars are produced using rapid industrial fermentation systems obtaining vinegars with a high production rate, but with low quality and few organoleptic nuances. This work aims to study the volatile profile by headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and chemometrics to differentiate Argentinian wine vinegars according to their production process (industrial or traditional). A total of 92 volatile compounds were identified on the samples by using a strategy based on volatile profile processing using PARADISe® software. The complete volatile profile of all the samples was submitted to partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) for the selection of variables with importance in the projection (VIPs). Thus, 37 volatile compounds with the potential to be markers of the manufacturing process were selected. The results obtained revealed, for the first time, the volatile profile of Argentine wine vinegars showing that the compound groups that, on average, exhibited higher relative areas were esters, acids, and alcohols. Thus, certain acids, aldehydes and terpenes were noticeably present in industrial wine vinegar. Conversely, the alcohols were strongly associated with traditional ones. In the case of esters, they were connected to the different types of wine vinegars. These compounds could be considered as potential volatile markers of quality and authenticity of these types of vinegars.

Morphology Regulation and Oxygen Vacancy Construction Synergistically Boosting the Piezocatalytic Degradation and Pure Water Splitting of SrTiO3.

In recent years, the development of high-efficiency piezoelectric materials is an effective means to make full use of the mechanical energy widely existing in the environment. However, there are few reports on multi-strategies synergistically improving piezocatalytic activity, and the mechanism of synergistic enhancement of piezocatalytic activity also receives less attention. Herein, the SrTiO3 nanorods decorated with tunable surface oxygen vacancy concentrations are prepared. Oxygen vacancy-optimized SrTiO3 nanorods exhibit efficient and undifferentiated piezocatalytic degradation activities for both anionic and cationic dyes under ultrasonic vibration. More importantly, it can split water into H2 and H2O2 with high production rates of 540 and 332 µmol g-1 h-1 without adding any sacrificial agents and cocatalysts, respectively. Mechanism analyses demonstrate that the 1D structure is beneficial to mechanical energy harvesting, and the surface oxygen vacancy induces larger surface asymmetry and piezoelectric response, synergically enhancing the piezocatalytic activity of SrTiO3 nanorods. In addition, metal deposition experiments under different conditions show that SrTiO3 nanorods possess abundant reactive catalytic sites in the piezocatalytic reaction process. This work provides a further understanding of piezocatalysis in piezoelectric nanomaterials and is important for the development of efficient piezoelectric catalysts.